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Food group distribution in DASH and Mediterranean diets.
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Poor dietary composition is an important factor in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The majority of NAFLD patients follow diets with overconsumption of simple carbohydrates, total and saturated fat, with reduced intake of dietary fiber and omega-3 rich foods. Although lifestyle modifications including weight loss and ex...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... modification is the first-line treatment option, with weight loss via a hypocaloric diet being the most important therapeutic target in NAFLD [57]. There is evidence in support of particular diets, most notably the Mediterranean diet (Table A1) [58]. ...
Context 2
... "Mediterranean diet" (MD) is a dietary pattern originally inspired by the traditional diet in Mediterranean countries, characterized by a high consumption of plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seeds, nuts and legumes, and moderate consumption of protein-source foods such as fish and poultry (Table 1). This diet is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) primarily from olive oil and olives, reduced fat dairy products and low red meat intake. ...
Context 3
... "Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension" (DASH) diet is a dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, nuts and legumes but with emphasis on low intake of sodium, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and added sugars ( Table 1). The DASH diet is high in fiber, potassium, calcium and magnesium [69]. ...
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Purpose
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic hepatic condition. Low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to disease progression. Diet has protective effects on hepatic health and inflammatory pathways. The purpose of this review is to systematically review and describe the effects of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns...
Purpose
Preoperative very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) have been shown to reduce liver volume, reduce the risk of liver injury and improve safety during bariatric surgery. Hepatic steatosis (HS) has been associated with poorer outcomes in liver resection. VLCD can be used to improve HS. We aim to explore if preoperative VLCD could improve outcomes for...
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinical condition characterized by inflammation and swelling of the hepatocytes. If not adequately treated, NASH can lead to the development of fibrosis and liver cancer. Currently, drug therapies used in the management of NASH patients are deficient and non-specific. Patients’ adherence to a healthy lifes...
Previous studies suggested adherence to recently developed Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) associated with cognitive performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of MIND dietary pattern on cognitive performance features and changes in brain structure in healthy obese women. As a total of 50 obese women were...
Citations
... Among these factors, diet is considered an important causative factor. [88][89][90][91] In the past decades, rapid economic growth, globalization, and urbanization have resulted in a significant shift in the dietary habits of people worldwide. Specifically, there has been an increase in the consumption of CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM AND ITS PROINFLAMMATORY ROLE meats and eggs, while the intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains has decreased. ...
Cholesterol is an essential lipid molecule in mammalian cells. It is not only involved in the formation of cell membranes but also serves as a raw material for the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Additionally, it acts as a covalent modifier of proteins and plays a crucial role in numerous life processes. Generally, the metabolic processes of cholesterol absorption, synthesis, conversion, and efflux are strictly regulated. Excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the body is a risk factor for metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this review, we first provide an overview of the discovery of cholesterol and the fundamental process of cholesterol metabolism. We then summarize the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of developing MASLD, and also the animal models of MASLD specifically established with a cholesterol-containing diet. In the end, the role of cholesterol-induced inflammation in the initiation and development of MASLD is discussed.
... Even while losing weight and getting active remain the cornerstones of NAFLD treatment, modifying the diet's composition regardless of restricting calories may be a viable and long-term approach for NAFLD therapy. The potential therapeutic effect of a "high-quality, wholesome diet" for treating liver steatosis and metabolic disorders in patients with NAFLD without restricting calories or weight loss is presented in this review study [71]. ...
Metabolic syndrome, as a medical condition, presents multifactorial complexity that is characterized by the resulting damage from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors (presence or absence of physical activity, food choices). Thus, metabolic syndrome qualifies unequivocally as a medical condition in which there are, simultaneously, several independent metabolic risk factors, namely, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride level, low HDL cholesterol level, arterial hypertension, and high glycemic level. Although age, sex, socio-economic status, and the precise definition of metabolic syndrome all influence the prevalence and risk of developing the condition, clinical and epidemiological studies clearly show that central obesity, as measured by an increased abdominal circumference, is the main risk factor. Thus, due to the growing global incidence of obesity, there has been an increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Starting with obesity, all other metabolic risk factors are influenced: for example, as a result of insulin resistance with hyperglycemia, diabetes is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to increased abdominal circumference. Through this review, we aimed to highlight the latest research studies and dietary nutritional interventions useful in the prevention of this disease but also implementation strategies for primary prevention among the healthy population.
... Weight loss and dietary interventions through lifestyle modifications represent one of the prevailing approaches to NAFLD therapy [105][106][107][108][109][110]. Numerous dietary strategies have been explored, including the Mediterranean diet [111][112][113], DASH diet [114,115], low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets [113,[116][117][118][119], fiber interventions [120,121], omega-3 interventions [122][123][124]. ...
... NAFLD can be described as the deposition of fat accumulation in the liver without significant alcohol intake or other reasons for fat in the liver, such as viral disease, drugs, lipodystrophy, starvation, parenteral nutrition, and Wilson disease 3 . NAFLD spectrum ranges from simple liver steatosis called nonalcoholic fatty liver to hepatic inflammation called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis or without; this may advance to progressive cirrhosis then to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 4,5 . ...
Amis: NAFLD is considered to be the most common cause of liver conditions worldwide. Also, it is a primary reason that leads to coronary artery diseases, limiting blood flow to the heart. Therefore, This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of Nesfatin-1 and its ability to indicate the prognosis of CAD in patients with NAFLD. Material & Methods: one-hundred eighty Individuals were enrolled in the study, including In both genders, blood was collected from each Individual and sent to the laboratory for biochemical tests. Findings: Data from the current study showed a significant increase in Nesfatin-1 in the CAD group and a significant decrease in Nesfatin-1 in the NAFLD group compared to the control group. In addition, there was also a significant increase in both cardiac parameters and AST in the CAD group compared to the NAFLD group and the control group. Conclusion: Patients with coronary artery disease have higher Nesfatin-1 Concentration due to Nesfatin-1 having anti-inflammatory properties that raise the level of Nesfatin-1. In addition, Data from the current study showed a significant positive correlation between Nesfatin-1 and (ALT and AST) in NAFLD patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Nesfatin1, Troponin-I
... A variety of sources suggest red meat [15][16][17] and soft drinks [15,16] are positively associated with NAFLD, and the consumption of a 'fast food' Western-type diet, consisting of energy-dense foods rich in sugar and saturated fat, has been independently associated with a higher risk of NAFLD [9]. Similarly, the consumption of low-quality ultra-processed foods is associated with markers of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [18], and high-quality 'healthy diets' are required in both prevention and management [19]. ...
... This lack of a strong association between NAFLD and any individual food or nutrient implies that overall patterns of intake, dietary quality and lifestyle factors are likely to be more important determinants of NAFLD than single nutrients within the diet. This is consistent with other evidence [19] and with the results of our larger trial [22], where two different but 'healthy' patterns of intake both produced significant reductions in hepatic steatosis. ...
We aimed to compare the dietary intakes of Australian patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to general Australian population intake data and determine whether the intake of any nutrient or food group was able to predict the degree of steatosis. Dietary data from fifty adult patients with NAFLD were compared to intake data from the Australian Health Survey for energy, macronutrients, fat sub-types, alcohol, iron, folate, sugar, fibre, sodium and caffeine. Linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, physical activity and body mass index) were used to examine predictive relationships between hepatic steatosis (quantified via magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and dietary components. The mean percentage differences between NAFLD and Australian usual intakes were significant for energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (all p < 0.001). The contribution of fat and protein to total energy intake was significantly higher in the NAFLD cohort (p < 0.05). No individual nutrients or food groups were strongly related to hepatic fat in the adjusted models. Higher overall consumption appears to be a major feature of dietary intake in NAFLD when compared to the general population. A whole-diet approach to NAFLD treatment and prevention is likely to be more effective than focusing on single food components.
... Lifestyle intervention can be beneficial to NAFLD patients and should be the keystone of NAFLD management (49). Modifying dietary composition to a high-quality healthy pattern without restricting energy intake may also be a feasible approach to NAFLD treatment (50). For example, the Mediterranean dietary pattern, summarized as a high intake of fruits and nuts, vegetables, legumes, cereals, fish and seafood and a low intake of dairy products, meat and meat products (51), has proved beneficial in the treatment of liver steatosis and metabolic dysfunction (52,53). ...
An increasing number of studies have evaluated the association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and metabolic disorders. However, the association between UPF intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed data from 6545 participants who were recruited in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2018. UPF were defined in light of the NOVA food classification system and divided into quartiles based on its proportion of total weight intake. Complex logistic regression models were used to assess the association between UPF and NAFLD. Mediation analyses were conducted to reveal underlying mediators. We found that NAFLD patients consumed more UPF than controls (925.92 ± 18.08 versus 812.70 ± 14.32 grams/day, P <0.001). Dietary intake of UPF (% weight) was negatively related to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score (Spearman r = -0.32, P<0.001). In the multivariable model, the highest quartile compared with the lowest, the ORs (95% CIs) were 1.83 (1.33-2.53) for NAFLD (OR per 10% increment: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09-1.22; P for trend <0.001) and 1.52 (1.12-2.07) for insulin resistance (OR per 10% increment: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05-1.18; P for trend =0.002). Mediation analyses revealed that poor diet quality, high saturated fat and refined grain intake partly mediated the association between UPF and NAFLD. In conclusion, high UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in US adults. Further prospective studies are needed to verify these findings.
... 5,10-13 However, weight loss and maintenance are challenging issues for most individuals, in particular in the long term. 14 Recently, fasting diets, which require fasting in various time periods among different energy-restricted diets, have drawn a great deal of attention. 15 Fasting approaches might be associated with more acceptance and adherence than conventional calorie-restricted diets, partially due to better control of hunger, as well as increased satiety and diet satisfaction. ...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. There is no confirmed treatment for NAFLD as yet. Recently, fasting regimens and their relationship to NAFLD have drawn a great deal of attention in the literature. We review the current evidence that supports fasting diets as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for patients with NAFLD and address potential action mechanisms. We reason that the fasting diets might be a promising approach for modulating hepatic steatosis, fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 signaling, lipophagy, and the metabolic profile.
... The current results agree with previous reviews in that calorie restricted diets are overall successful in reducing, but rarely resolving, NAFLD (43,44). One previous trial compared hypocaloric LFD and LCD for intrahepatic fat reduction in NAFLD and found no significant difference between the beneficial effects of these two diets over a period of 6 months (23). ...
Although there is a consensus on beneficial effects of a low calorie diet in management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the optimal composition of diet has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of current randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of low fat diet (LFD) vs. low carbohydrate diet (LCD) on NAFLD. This is a systematic review of all the available data reported in published clinical trials up to February 2022. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed, and data were presented aiming specific standard measurements. A total of 15 clinical trial studies were included in this systematic review. There is an overall lack of consensus on which dietary intervention is the most beneficial for NAFLD patients. There is also an overall lack of consensus on the definition of the different restrictive diets and the percentage of macronutrient restriction recommended. It seems that low calorie diets, regardless of their fat and carbohydrate composition, are efficient for liver enzyme reduction. Both LCD and LFD have similar effects on liver enzymes change; however, this improvement tends to be more marked in LFD. All calorie restrictive dietary interventions are beneficial for reducing weight, liver fat content and liver enzymes in individuals with NAFLD. Low fat diets seem to be markedly successful in reducing transaminase levels. Further research is needed to explore diet intensity, duration and long-term outcome.
... Plant-based diets like the DASH, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and vegan diets incorporate these suggestions [10]. There is research that supports particular diets, most notably the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) [11]. The MedDiet is defined as a plant-based diet characterized by a high intake of fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and a high ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which is associated with a lower risk of many chronic diseases [12]. ...
Unhealthy diet is an important factor in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies showed the benefits of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on Metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases, which usually have a pathophysiological relationship with NAFLD. To assess the effect of adherence to a MedDiet on NAFLD in MetS patients after lifestyle intervention, this multicentre (Mallorca and Navarra, Spain) prospective randomized trial, with personalized nutritional intervention based on a customized MedDiet, coupled with physical activity promotion was performed to prevent, and reverse NAFLD among patients with MetS. The current analysis included 138 patients aged 40 to 60 years old, Body Mass Index (BMI) 27–40 kg/m2, diagnosed with NAFLD using MRI, and MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Adherence to Mediterranean diet by means of a 17-item validated questionnaire, anthropometrics, physical activity, blood pressure, blood biochemical parameters, and intrahepatic fat contents (IFC) were measured. The independent variable used was changes in MedDiet adherence, categorized in tertiles after 6 months follow-up. Subjects with high adherence to the MedDiet showed higher decreases in BMI, body weight, WC, SBP, DBP, and IFC. An association between improvement in adherence to the MedDiet and amelioration of IFC after 6-month follow-up was observed. High adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better status of MetS features, and better values of IFC.
... Dietary adjustments as well as caloric restriction and weight loss are the pillars for NAFLD treatment. It is recommended to ingest a high-quality healthy diet that is low in saturated fat and high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and complex carbohydrates [77]. The Mediterranean diet is among the recommended diets, and it includes vegetables, fruit, nuts, olive oil, and seafood and avoids red meat, processed foods, and refined sugar [78]. ...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global pandemic that affects one-quarter of the world’s population. NAFLD includes a spectrum of progressive liver disease from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis and can be complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. It is strongly associated with metabolic syndromes, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and it has been shown that metabolic dysregulation is central to its pathogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that metabolic- (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a more appropriate term to describe the disease than NAFLD, which puts increased emphasis on the important role of metabolic dysfunction in its pathogenesis. There is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and, more recently, a reduction in mitochondrial quality, have been suggested to play a major role in NAFLD development and progression. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of NAFLD and highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to its pathogenesis in both animal models and human subjects. Further we discuss evidence that the modification of mitochondrial function modulates NAFLD and that targeting mitochondria is a promising new avenue for drug development to treat NAFLD/NASH.
