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Ningsih R, Megia R. 2019. Folic acid content and fruit characteristics of five Indonesian dessert banana cultivars. Biodiversitas 20: 144-151. Folic acid plays an important role in the many metabolic functions of organism, especially pregnant women. Whereas banana is a fruit that rich in nutrients, high productivity, high diversity, well known, and...
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Context 1
... of various cultivars significantly different in their folic acid content based on the analysis of variance with a 5% confidence level. The highest content of folic acid in 100 g of fresh fruit weight was found in Lampung cultivar (24.58 μg) and significantly different from the other four cultivars based on Duncan Multi-Range Test analysis ( Table 2). The lowest content of folic acid is owned by the Raja Bulu (21.10 μg) and for three other cultivars from high to low are Raja Sereh (22.59 μg), Ambon Kuning (22.26 μg), and Ambon Lumut (21.39 μg). ...
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Approximately, 325 cultivars of bananas were found in Indonesia. They have variation in shape, taste, color of fruit pulp, essential vitamins and mineral. The β-carotene is one of essential nutrient in banana with various concentration in every cultivar. The aims of this research were to describe the morphological characteristics and to analyze β-c...
Citations
... To the best of our knowledge, studies reporting diversity of folate levels of plantain have not been published so far. A limited number of studies in banana shows folate content ranging from 13 to 30 μg 100 g -1 FW (Englberger, 2009;Ashokkumar et al., 2018;Ningsih and Megia, 2019). Whereas breeding thus seems challenging, GE can step in for folate biofortification of plantain. ...
Micronutrient malnutrition is a persisting problem threatening global human health. Biofortification via metabolic engineering has been proposed as a cost-effective and short-term means to alleviate this burden. There has been a recent rise in the recognition of potential that underutilized, orphan crops can hold in decreasing malnutrition concerns. Here, we illustrate how orphan crops can serve as a medium to provide micronutrients to populations in need, whilst promoting and maintaining dietary diversity. We provide a roadmap, illustrating which aspects to be taken into consideration when evaluating orphan crops. Recent developments have shown successful biofortification via metabolic engineering in staple crops. This review provides guidance in the implementation of these successes to relevant orphan crop species, with a specific focus on the relevant micronutrients iron, zinc, provitamin A and folates.
... Each year, Indonesia produces more than 6 million tons of bananas. The plantain is a variety of bananas that is quite popular in Indonesia (Ningsih, 2019). Most of the time, individuals consume the fruit and discard the skin of the banana fruit without realizing its many health benefits. ...
Background: Free radicals from filter cigarettes can contribute to the body's oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde is a substance that the body produces in response to oxidative stress. Antioxidants found in plantain peel extract can be used to counteract oxidative damage.Aim: This study sought to determine whether Wistar rats exposed to filtered cigarette smoke could have their MDA levels reduced by a plantain peel extract.Methods: On Wistar rats, this study used an actual experimental design with a post-test-only control group. Twenty-eight rats from the research sample were split into 4 separate groups. K+ received exposure to cigarette smoke, P1 received exposure to cigarette smoke and extracted at a dose of 200mg/kg BW, and P2 received exposure to cigarette smoke and extracted at a dose of 400mg/kg BW. K- serves as the negative control. K+ received exposure to cigarette smoke. The retroorbital plexus vein was used to draw blood from the dead rats afterward. MDA levels in the plasma were measured using the TBARS technique.Results: The average output of MDA levels in the K1, K2, P1, and P2 groups was 1.695 ppm, 2.430 ppm, 1.791 ppm, and 3.115 ppm, respectively. The K- and K+ groups showed a significant difference in the Mann-Whitney test (p=0.037), as did the K+ and P1 group (p=0.010), K+ and P2 group (p=0.025), and P1 and P2 group (p=0.004).Conclusion: MDA levels in Wistar rats exposed to filter cigarette smoke could be decreased by administering plantain peel extract.
... This plant also produces fruit that can be consumed, either as fruit eaten directly or as food that must be processed first (Maryani et al., 2019). Types of bananas that are popular in Indonesia include 'Yellow Ambon' with (AAA) Genom, 'Green Ambon' (AAA), 'White Ambon' (AAA), 'Barangan' (AAA), 'Berlin' (AA), 'Lampung' (AA), 'Mas' (AA), 'Raja' (AAB), and 'Raja Sereh' (AAB), while plantain bananas are bananas that are consumed after processing the fruit, namely 'Tanduk' (AAB) bananas, ' Uli' (AAB), 'Kepok' (BBB) and 'Siam' (ABB) (Ningsih & Megia, 2019). ...
The study of stomata characteristics of plantain and horn plants has been carried out. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of plant stomata by plantain and horn banana AAB genome. Therefore, it is possible to find out the similarities and differences in characteristics between plantain and horn banana that have the same genome, including by stomata location, cover cell shape, stomatal type, number of epidermal cells, number of stomata cells, stomata length, stomata width, stomata area, stomata index, and stomatal density. Stomata observations were made by making an incision using the whole mount method. The results obtained were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively by describing the stomata characteristics of the plantain and horn banana plants
... Intra and inter-specific hybridi-zation led to the development of edible, seedless cultivars of banana of different combinations of diploid, triploid and tetraploid genomes such as AA, AB, AAA, BBB, AAB, ABB and AAAB (4). These genomic constitutions have also led to a classification based on the mode of consumption where the dessert banana is dominated by 'A' genome and culinary bananas are dominated by the 'B' genome (5,6). These genomic traits are also believed to impart distinctive quality to banana fruits such as colour and appearance, flavour (taste and aroma), texture and nutritional value, which are important in determining their suitability for a specific purpose. ...
... Due to its large, sweet and firm pulp, the fruit is popular for both dessert and culinary purposes. The present study conforms to the findings of other authors who described fruits of AAB genomic group as large with thick peel and firm textured pulp (6,13). Grand Naine (AAA) was smaller in terms of size than Nendran (AAB), but was observed to be larger than other cultivars of different genomic groups selected for this study. ...
Morphological and horticultural characteristics of six cultivars of banana fruits (Musa spp.) that are commercially grown in Kerala, belonging to different genomic groups viz. Nendran (AAB), Pisang Lilin (AA), Karpooravalli (ABB), Njalipoovan (AB), Grand Naine (ABB) and Yangambi (KM-5) (AAA) were evaluated. The morphological traits were characterized using Banana Descriptors established by IPGRI (1996), from which 9 characters were selected for quantitative analysis. Horticultural characters on variables such as number of fruits per bunch, fruit length (cm), fruit pedicel length (mm), fruit pedicel width (mm), peel thickness (mm), pulp weight (g), fruit to peel ratio, fruit flesh firmness (cm2kg-1) were analysed and subjected to one way ANOVA to determine the significance (p=.05). The cultivar Nendran (AAB) exhibited large morphological and horticultural traits, particularly for the fruit length (22.07cm), pulp weight (89.20g) and peel weight (49.30g). The cultivar Karpooravalli (ABB) was smaller in terms of the fruit length (10.67 cm) and peel weight (9.65g), but had a large (4.81) fruit: pulp ratio compared to other cultivars studied. The present work reveals substantial morphological and horticultural variation among banana cultivars of different genomic groups, with an overlap of similarities and differences even in banana cultivars having the same genomic group.
... Banana is also a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, other vitamins, and minerals. Studies on the content of the active compounds in bananas have been done, such as carotenoids pro-vitamin A, lutein, riboflavin, flavonoids, phenolics, and folic acid [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Nutrients and biochemical composition varied based on the development and varieties of bananas [10,12]. ...
The dessert bananas genotype are typically AA, AAA, and AAB, while ABB is classified as cooking bananas. Their nutritional content can be accessed much better than cooking bananas by the human body because they can be consumed directly without processing. This present study aimed to investigate the metabolite profiles of the ripe pulp of ten Indonesian dessert bananas cultivars represents the commercial interest and unpopular cultivars groups by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. They were Ambon Putih, Ambon Kuning, Ambon Badak, Ambon Lumut, Raja Sereh, Raja Bulu, Lampung, Papan, Rejang, and Udang. Nineteen metabolites were putatively identified in all of the cultivars studied. The main groups were fatty acids and the others catecholamine, quinone, phenol, flavonoid, cinnamic acid, organic acid, indole, and amino acid groups. Some of them were important bioactive compounds such as linolenic acid, palmitelaidic acid, linoleic acid, p-coumaric acid, dopamine, myricetin-deoxyhexose-hexoside, eugenol, 1,4-benzoquinone, and antroquinonol. The PCA score and loading plot showed the ten cultivars were separated into two groups based on linolenic acid as the first (PC1, 57%) and p-coumaric acid (PC2, 38%) as the second principal component with the 95% total variance explained. There was no relationship between PCA grouping and the genome group in terms of composition and metabolite content. These results provide valuable information for plant breeding programs, especially in banana biofortification for the future.
... This fragility makes it difficult to store or transport them over long distances [6,38]. Meanwhile Sucrier subgroup also has thin skin, but it is not easily cracking, and the fruit is persistent [39,40]. Pisang Orlin has slender fruit than Pisang Berlin ( Fig. 1: S1-S2). ...
This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity and network within ten local cultivars of
dessert bananas (Musa acuminata cv. AA and AAA) from Indonesia using newly designed
matK marker. Result showed that PCR amplifications were successfully carried out. Total
aligned and selected sequences were 729 bp, with nucleotide composition high in AT (67.60%)
than GC (32.40%). Sequences variation shows high conservation level, comprising 97.94%
monomorphics, 0.82% polymorphics, 0.96% InDels, and 0.27% missing data; with high
genetic similarity 99.44%-100%. Haplotype diversity was high (Hd=0.844±0.103), forming six
haplotypes but low in nucleotide diversity (π=0.231±0.053). Both haplotype network and
phylogenetic tree were separated into two clades, following its genomic subgrouping. Clade I
comprised of Inarnibal (AA), Cavendish (AAA) and Gros Michel (AAA). Clade II comprised of
Sucrier (AA) and Red (AAA). The genetic diversity within genomic group AAA is higher than
AA. Both genomic groups cannot be clearly separated due to continuous genetic variation and
mutations. Six point mutations were identified; mostly due to substitution of transversion than
transition (Ti/Tv=0.5). The finding of this study suggests that the newly designed matK marker
is effective for PCR and sufficient to discriminate at intraspecific level of desert bananas.
... Bananas (Musa L.) are important crop commodity; high nutritious, and have social, economic, and cultural values worldwide, especially in tropical countries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In Southeast Asia, as the center origin and diversity of bananas, numerous banana cultivars were recognized. ...
... Thus, molecular approach is needed, because it is considered fast method, no need to wait until its fruiting, and need only small amount of plant tissues [32,43,44]. In addition, a complete morphological characterization particularly the fruit characteristic is necessary as it is related to consumer's preference and commercial interests [3,6,7]. ...
Pisang Ambon (M. acuminata cv. AAA) is popular dessert banana in Indonesia, included as Gros Michel. Particularly at Java, there are some variation of Pisang Ambon local cultivars which need to be clearly classified. This study was aims to reveal the intraspecific genetic variation and subgrouping within thirteen of Pisang Ambon cultivars from East Java and Central Java based on RAPD markers. Twenty RAPD markers were performed i.e. OPA1-OPA20. Morphologically, Pisang Ambon cultivars are mostly distinguished by their fruit size, peel colours, pulp colors and pulp taste. Indeed, the fruits are reflecting their distinct morphological or perceptual characteristics. The amplification bands produced in each sample have various lengths, ranging from 140 bp to 1500 bp. In total, there are 101 amplified. In total, 101 characters (RAPD bands) were subjected to dissimilarity distance and hierarchical clustering analysis. The tree resulted from RAPD profiles was clearly illustrated the genetic intraspecific relationship within Pisang Ambon cultivars in Java bands identified. It comprised of 86.82% polymorphic and 13.18% monomorphic bands. The derived cultivars of Pisang Ambon were separated into four sub-clusters, with low dissimilarity distances ranged 0.24 to 0.51. The conclusion of this study revealed that RAPD analysis was effective to study the genetic relationship in intraspecific level of Pisang Ambon cultivars. Furthermore, the finding of this study was showed that within Pisang Ambon cultivars were genetically variable.
