Fig 2
Flower, pod and seed morphology of Ononis natrix L. subsp. natrix (A-C), O. natrix. subsp. stenophylla (D-F), and O. vaginalis (G-I). Scale bar = 5 mm for flowers and pods except for B, G (2 mm) and 0.5 mm for seeds.
Source publication
Numerical taxonomy is employed to determine the phenetic proximity of the Egyptian taxa belonging to the genus Ononis L. A classical clustering analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) were used to separate 57 macro- and micromorphological characters in order to circumscribe 11 taxa of Ononis. A clustering analysis using the unweighted pai...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... dominant type of leaves; stipules are large, green and glandular, flowers are yellow, standard glabrous with stripped by reddish veins; floral pedicels are long; peduncles elongate to produce arista; legume is linear, pendent and multi-seeded; the plants are covered with heterotrichous indumentum consists of glandular and non-glandular trichomes (Figs. ...
Citations
... Quantitative traits have long been overlooked in taxonomic studies until numerical methodologies, such as cluster analysis, started to be widely applied in species delimitation (Thien et al. 1975). Recently, dendrograms and cladograms have been used instead of subjective analyses in many studies on the seed morphology of Fabaceae (Erkul et al. 2015;Fayed et al. 2019;Abusaief and Boasoul 2021). However, quantitative seed traits of the genus Oxytropis, such as length, width, length/width ratio, and weight, have not received much attention in taxonomic studies, possibly because these traits are considered fluctuating, and this fluctuation is random or excessive. ...
The lack of diagnostic taxonomic characteristics in some species complexes leave the species delimitation of Oxytropis DC. unresolved. Seed morphological features have proved to be useful diagnostic and taxonomic characteristics in Fabaceae. However, there are few systematic studies on the seed characteristics of Oxytropis . Here, we used scanning electron and stereoscopic microscopy to investigate the seed characteristics of 35 samples obtained from 21 Oxytropis species from northwest China. Our examination showed two main types of hilum positions, terminal and central, and five different types of seed shapes: prolonged semielliptic, reniform, prolonged reniform, quadratic, and cardiform. Seven different sculpturing patterns were identified: scaled, regulated, lophate with stellated testa cells, simple reticulate, rough, compound reticulate, and lophate with rounded testa cells. The seeds ranged from 1.27 to 2.57 mm in length and from 1.18 to 2.02 mm in width, and the length-to-width ratio ranged from 0.89 to 1.55 mm. The seed shape was constant within species and was useful for species delimitation within the genus Oxytropis when combined with other macroscopic traits. In contrast, the sculpturing patterns were highly variable at the species level and could not be used for species identification. Results of the cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the seed traits of Oxytropis species are useful for taxa identification at the species level, but have low taxonomic value at the section level.
... Phenetic studies of exo-morphological characters can generate some precise estimations of relationships among the taxa. The modern phenetic study of family Fabaceae with subfamily Papilionoideae in Egypt, all Egyptian species of genus Ononis were grouped together in one phenon along with some species of each Medicago L., Trifolium L. and Lathyrus L. (Fayed et al. 2019). Morphometrics attempts to classify organisms based on morphological similarity. ...
Distinguishable morphological qualitative and quantitative traits for 310 native taxa of 46 genera within the Fabaceae family were selected. The taxa were treated numerically analyzed as OTUs; based on the selected characteristics variations the UPGMA dendrograms by the MVSP windows program were constructed. The relationships among studied taxa were determined and illustrated. The results exhibited that all taxa are monophyletic due to the similarity in the specific characteristics of the family, the divergences among groups, or among taxa of a single group caused by dissimilarities. At different levels, three groups and six subgroups were set among the genera, the genus Astragalus L. had the most distance relationship from other genera at level GGSc=0.67, due to the abundance of its taxa and a large number of differences among them. The relationship degrees among all studied taxa except Astragalus taxa analyzed, two groups and seven subgroups were identified at levels GGSc= 0.74 and GGSc= 0.77, detailed and illustrated.
... Phenetic studies of exo-morphological characters can generate some precise estimations of relationships among the taxa. The modern phenetic study of family Fabaceae with subfamily Papilionoideae in Egypt, all Egyptian species of genus Ononis were grouped together in one phenon along with some species of each Medicago L., Trifolium L. and Lathyrus L. (Fayed et al. 2019). Morphometrics attempts to classify organisms based on morphological similarity. ...
Distinguishable morphological qualitative and quantitative traits for 310 native taxa of 46 genera within the Fabaceae family were selected. The taxa were treated numerically analyzed as OTUs; based on the selected characteristics variations the UPGMA dendrograms by the MVSP windows program were constructed. The relationships among studied taxa were determined and illustrated. The results exhibited that all taxa are monophyletic due to the similarity in the specific characteristics of the family, the divergences among groups, or among taxa of a single group caused by dissimilarities. At different levels, three groups and six sub-groups were set among the genera, the genus Astragalus L. had the most distance relationship from other genera at level GGSc=0.67, due to the abundance of its taxa and a large number of differences among them. The relationship degrees among all studied taxa except Astragalus taxa analyzed, two groups and seven subgroups were identified at levels GGSc= 0.74 and GGSc= 0.77, detailed and illustrated.
... The anticlinal walls of Ononis vaginalis are raised, depressed. Our results are consistent with Fayed et al. (2019) which showed that Ononis vaginalis have raised and straight anticlinal walls, and convex outer percilinal wall. Chernoff et al. (2013) showed that Lathyrus seems to be the most diverse in seed coat patterns compared to other seed-character groups. ...
Twelve species of wild leguminosae were studied to determine similarities in the coat details of the seeds using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The numerical cluster analysis method was used to examine the morphological characteristics (98 characteristics) and to clarify the taxonomic relationship between the studied species (6 genera and 3 tribes) belonging to the Fabaceae family. The relevant wild species were: Lotus edulis L, Lotus ornithopodioides L., Tetragonolobus purpureus Moench, Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., M.orbicularis (L.) Bart., M.turbinata (L.) All, M.polymorpha L., Ononis vaginalis Vahl, Lathyrus aphaca L., Vicia sativa L., V. peregrine L., and V.tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. The aim of this study was to produce a taxonomy reflecting the relations between these twelve forage species of Fabaceae by using the morphological and SEM features to provide a details about
and clarify the relations between the examined taxa. The taxonomic histories of the Fabaceae family were reviewed. The results of the morphological description and SEM showed that it was possible to distinguish between the taxa using the cluster analysis attributes for the differences in characteristic correlation between the groups under study. This study will help researchers better grasp the classification of these species of legumes
which were chosen because of the difficulty of differentiating between them, their environment benefits, their use for human consumption and pasture. The SEM is a suitable tool for this analysis, owing to the similarities exhibited by the seeds.
... Ononis L. is a large genus of perennial herbs and shrubs of the Fabaceae family (Ozenda 1958), represented by 86 species. These are distributed in the Canary Islands, Mediterranean region, North of Africa, North of America, and from Europe to Central Asia (Mezrag et al. 2013;Fayed et al. 2019). The Ononis species are known as rich sources of phenolic derivatives (Barrero et al. 1994;Abdel-Kader 2001;Mhamdi et al. 2015) and have shown several pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities (S€ untar et al. 2011). ...
The phytochemical and biological properties of Ononis alba Poir L. (Fabaceae) were investigated for the first time in this study. The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts was analysed by GC-MS. The phenolic contents of extracts obtained with different solvents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH and CUPRAC methods. The inhibitory potential of these extracts was evaluated on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, whereas the antimicrobial effect was verified against some bacteria and fungi through the well diffusion method. Ketones and carboxylic acids were the main essential oil constituents. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as the best antioxidant capacity were noticed on the n-butanol extract. All the extracts showed a greater efficiency than acarbose in the inhibition of α-amylase. On the other hand, they demonstrated a mild inhibition effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium oxysporum.
The development of agriculture over the last decades has resulted in a continuous change of the natural vegetation of Egypt. Several species widely cultivated as economic crops or ornamentals. Numbers of species which escaped from cultivation and naturalized in naturals habitats are increasing. It is necessary to study the changes in the natural vegetation and traces the new species. The present study undertakes a survey, taxonomical revision and numerical analysis of the genus Hibiscus L. in Egypt including wild and cultivated species. The taxonomic treatment based on collecting of fresh materials from the studied species, in addition to the investigation of the herbarium specimens as well as information from the literatures. Eleven species of Hibiscus were reported in this study, from which there are 5 wild species (H. diversifolius Jacq., H. micranthus L. f., H. vitifolius L., H. sabdariffa L. and H. trionum L.) and there are 6 cultivated species (H. cannabinus L., H. mutabilis L., H. rosa-sinensis L., H. schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook. f. in Curtis, H. syriacus L. and H. tiliaceus L.). An identification key to the species of Hibiscus is provided. Valid names and synonyms are updated from online sources. Scientific descriptions provided the characters of leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds based on the herbarium specimens and completed from fresh materials and literatures are given. Distribution of wild species in their phytogeographical regions are provided. Type specimen, habitat, selected specimens and economic importance are provided for each species. The numerical analysis based on thirty six morphological characters including vegetative, flowers and fruits parts of the studied species. SPSS Statistics version 22 used to get morphometric analysis. The numerical analysis revealed two main clusters. The first cluster included 3 species, viz. H. micranthus L. f., H. vitifolius L. and H. trionum L. The second cluster included two groups: group (a) viz. H. diversifolius Jacq., H. syriacus L., and H. tiliaceus L., and group (b) viz. Hibiscus cannabinus L., H. mutabilis L., H. rosa-sinensis L., H. sabdariffa L. and H. schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook. f. in Curtis.
