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Flower phenotypes of Camellia sasanqua.A Characteristics of the flower petals of 20 cultivars. Cultivars include QFS: ‘Qifushen’; XYN: ‘Xinyinv’; CY: ‘Chuyin’; YN: ‘Yinv’; CS: ‘Caishen’; TY: ‘Taoyuan’; FYH: ‘Feiyinhong’; FD: ‘Fudao’; FTY ‘Feitianyu’; RRZH: ‘Rurizhihai’; RG: ‘Rongguang’; RCZH: ‘Richuzhihai’; XYH: ‘Xueyuehua’; XMG: ‘Xiaomeigui’; YYY: ‘Yingyueye’; WX: ‘Wanxiao’; YX: ‘Youxi’; QZZ ‘Quanzhangzi’; DZJ: ‘Dazhengjin’, and XT: ‘Xitiao’. Numbers indicate groupings from principal component analysis. B Principal component analysis based on chroma values. The orange, purple, green, and pink circles indicate the four unique groups. (Color figure online)
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Flower color is a trait that affects the ornamental value of a plant. Camellia sasanqua is a horticultural plant with rich flower color, but little is known about the regulatory mechanism of color diversity in this plant. Here, the anthocyanin profile of 20 C. sasanqua cultivars revealed and quantified 11 anthocyanin derivatives (five delphinidin-b...
Citations
... These results demonstrated that the high expression levels of upstream genes and extremely low expression of ANR might play an important role in anthocyanin accumulation in 'Moshiliu' pomegranate. The color mutation arose from single branch-pathway gene was different from results reported in Camellia sasanqua (Fan et al. 2023) and Perilla frutescens , whose purple phenotypes arose from expression differences of several main anthocyanin pathway genes. ...
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) which belongs to family Lythraceae, is one of the most important fruit crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. A high variability in fruit color is observed among different pomegranate accessions, which arises from the qualitative and quantitative differences in anthocyanins. However, the mechanism of fruit color variation is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the red color mutation between a red-skinned pomegranate ‘Hongbaoshi’ and a purple-red-skinned cultivar ‘Moshiliu’, by using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. A total of 51 anthocyanins were identified from fruit peels, among which 3-glucoside and 3,5-diglucoside of cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), and pelargonidin (Pg) were dominant. High proportion of Pg in early stages of ‘Hongbaoshi’ but high Dp in late stages of ‘Moshiliu’ were characterized. The unique high levels of Cy and Dp anthocyanins accumulating from early developmental stages accounted for the purple-red phenotype of ‘Moshiliu’. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an early down-regulated and late up-regulated of anthocyanin-related structure genes in ‘Moshiliu’ compared with ‘Hongbaoshi’. Alao, ANR was specially expressed in ‘Hongbaoshi’, with extremely low expression levels in ‘Moshiliu’. For transcription factors R2R3-MYB, the profiles demonstrated a much higher transcription levels of three subgroup (SG) 5 MYBs and a sharp decrease in expression of SG6 MYB LOC116202527 in high-anthocyanin ‘Moshiliu’. SG4 MYBs exhibited two entirely different patterns, LOC116203744 and LOC116212505 were down-regulated whereas LOC116205515 and LOC116212778 were up-regulated in ‘Moshiliu’ pomegranate. The results indicate that specific SG members of the MYB family might promote the peel coloration in different manners and play important roles in color mutation in pomegranate.
... Although cyanidin glycosides, together with pelargonidin glycosides were previously featured as responsible for the coloration of C. japonica flowers (Fu et al., 2021), the cultivars investigated in this work depict other anthocyanin markers. Interestingly, a metabolomics approach applied to Camellia sasanqua flowers from different cultivars indicated the importance of cyanidins and delphinidins regarding their discrimination, thus concluding that the combination of different anthocyanins rules the phenotypical expression of flower color (Fan et al., 2023). Hence, the differential accumulation of anthocyanins in flowers has a direct impact on their coloration, since cyanidins present reddish attributes, pelargonidins exhibit orange coloration, and delphinidins present bluish-purplish colors (Y. ...
... Additionally, these colored cultivars exhibited a differential accumulation of other flavonoids: EM also showed the highest flavanol content 843.8 ± 15.3 µg/g dw; DD presented the highest flavone content, 160.5 ± 2.9 µg/g dw; and EV and TU contained the highest flavonol rates, > 1500 µg/g dw in both cases (Table 1). As previously stated, the differential accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonoid-based co-pigments determine the phenotypical response to flower color (Fan et al., 2023), which is confirmed according to this semi-quantitative approach. Besides flavonoids, the TU cultivar also contained the highest rates of lignans and phenolic acids (67.9 ± 15.4 µg/g dw and 758.7 ± 50.4 µg/g dw, respectively), whereas DD presented the highest content of LMW and other phenolics, 1219.0 ± 48.9 µg/g dw (Table 1). ...
... Unlike the drinking function, some species such as C. oleifera, C. semiserrata and C. chekiangoleosa were used in the production of edible oils as well as in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and beauty products [31,32]. Flowering species such as C. reticulata, C. sasanqua and C. saluensis were employed for ornamental purposes [33,34]. ...
Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed. Additionally, future breeding of tea plants based on single-cellomics, pangenomics, plant–microbe interactions and epigenetics are proposed and provided as references. This study aims to provide inspiration and guidance for advancing the development of genetic breeding in tea plants, as well as providing implications for breeding research in other crops.
