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The construction industry consumes over 32% of the annually excavated natural resources worldwide. Additionally, it is responsible for 25% of the annually generated solid waste. To become a more sustainable industry, a circular economy is necessary: resources are kept in use as long as possible, aiming to reduce and recirculate natural resources. I...
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... This confirms that material efficiency, thus, the reduction of the initial material requirement, is always key. Hence, the overdesign of the primary structure should be avoided [26,47,48]. The methodology compares the weight of the primary structure M PS to the reference weight M lim of an optimally designed structural system adhering to the same conditions (i.e., material, span, maximum height). ...
... The most important MI is the volume indicator W. However, the material volume predicted with W is not realistic [47]. Therefore, Anastasiades et al. (2022) developed a methodology for Warren trusses to correct the predicted material volume into a realistic one. ...
The construction industry is responsible for half of the currently excavated amount of raw materials. In addition, a quarter of all waste in the European Union is construction waste. This construction waste comprises numerous materials that can still be reused or recycled. Thus, a shift to a circular construction sector is necessary. To make this shift, it is vital to enable the measurement of and the progress toward circularity. Therefore, this paper investigates the currently available circularity indicators with regard to the 4 Rs—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover. Subsequently, a comprehensive Circular Construction Indicator framework is introduced that evaluates a construction project according to the three typical construction phases: design, construction, and end-of-life. In this, new partial indicators to assess material scarcity, structural efficiency, and service life prediction should help designers consider these aspects already in the conceptual design stage. Lastly, suggestions for further research are defined to develop further said new partial indicators.
... Introduction A Circular Economy (CE) oriented design methodology for pedestrian and cycling bridges is nonexistent [1,2]. As such, said design methodology needs to be developed incorporating the four Rs of the CE -Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover. ...
... They formalise the choice for the most efficient structural typology which leads to material savings [13]. However, Anastasiades et al. (2022) explain that these MIs are all inter-connected rendering their practical application very complex. Therefore, Anastasiades et al. (2022) combined the MIs for Warren trusses into an automated algorithm. ...
... However, Anastasiades et al. (2022) explain that these MIs are all inter-connected rendering their practical application very complex. Therefore, Anastasiades et al. (2022) combined the MIs for Warren trusses into an automated algorithm. The algorithm was subsequently tested on a total of 36 truss bridges, resulting in a success rate of 90%. ...
A Circular Economy (CE) oriented design methodology for pedestrian and cycling bridges that takes the 4Rs of the CE -Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover- as basis needs to be developed. The first R, Reduce, is mostly neglected, even though it is the most important R in the CE. Nevertheless, a CE oriented design methodology also needs to consider and formalise Reduce. It is proposed to do this by measuring the material efficiency of a structure. Therefore, a reference volume of material needs to be found. This paper proposes a methodology to predict the necessary amount of material needed for the bridge structure. The methodology takes the theory of the morphological indicators as basis. Morphological indicators are used in the conceptual design phase to find the most efficient structural typology and global dimensions. However, it was found that the volume indication that results from these morphological indicators is not realistic. The main reasons are that they consider a fully stressed state for each component, and they do not consider standard profile sections. Therefore, two correction curves are proposed to correct the volume obtained from the morphological indicators into a realistic one. The limitations of this study are that it only focusses on Warren truss bridges and only considers vertical service loads. Further research will have to focus on incorporating other types of trusses and other structural typologies like arched, suspension and cable-stayed bridges. In addition, more loads like wind and snow that can act on bridges need to be considered.
