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This study provides an assessment of changes in the terrain topography due to opencast coal mining in the Patratu region of Jharkhand state during the period of 1962-2007. It demonstrated the potential of digital elevation model (DEM) differencing technique using Cartosat-I satellite (2007) derived DEM with reference to DEM derived from contours ob...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... refining the orbital parameters of Fore and Aft scenes of Cartosat-I, 62 GCP's were used for evaluating the Cartosat-I data for the entire scene, and there were 32 GCPs present within the extracted image of the study area. Figure 2 shows distribution of control points within the study area. After the control points were added in point measurement tool cell, the tie points were generated to automatically measure the image coordinate positions of ground points appearing in the overlapping area of the two Cartosat-I images; band A and band F. Tie points are the points whose ground coordinates are not known, but they can be identified in the overlap area between the images. ...
Citations
... Experts participating in the Delphi It is the rock or soil layer that lies above the coal seam. The removal and dumping of overburden change the natural topography and characteristics of the land surface Pandey and Kumar (2014) 3 Transportation It is the process of moving coal and overburden to the surface of the land and to the dumping site Kozan and Liu (2012) 4 ...
Purpose
Sustainability is a major challenge for India’s (Bharat’s) coal mining industry. The government has prioritized sustainable growth in the coal mining industry. It is putting forth multifaceted economic, environmental and social efforts to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research aims to identify the factors for sustainable improvements in coal mining operations. Secondly, this study examines the intensity of causal relations among the factors. Thirdly, this study examines whether causal relations exist among the factors to be considered for sustainable improvement in coal mining operations. Lastly, the study aims to understand how the factors ensure sustainable improvement in coal mining operations.
Design/methodology/approach
An integrated three-phase methodology was applied to identify the critical factors related to coal mining and explore the contextual relationships among the identified factors. Fifteen critical factors were selected based on the Delphi technique. Subsequently, the fifteen factors were analyzed to determine the contextual and causal relationships using the total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) and DEMATEL methods.
Findings
The study identified “Extraction of Coal and Overburden” as the leading factor for sustainable improvement in coal mining operations, because it directly or indirectly influences the overall mining operation, environmental impact and resource utilization. Hence, strict control measures are necessary in “Extraction of Coal and Overburden” to ensure sustainable coal mining. Conversely, “Health Impact” is the lagging factor as it has very low or no impact on the system. Therefore, it requires fewer control mechanisms. Nevertheless, control measures for the remaining factors must be decided on a priority basis.
Practical implications
The proposed structural model can serve as a framework for enhancing sustainability in India’s (Bharat’s) coal mining operations. This framework can also be applied to other developing nations with similar sustainability concerns, providing valuable guidance for sustainable operations.
Originality/value
The current study highlights the significance of logical links and dependencies between several parameters essential to coal mining sustainability. Furthermore, it leads to the development of a well-defined control sequence that identifies the causal linkages between numerous components needed to achieve real progress towards sustainability.
... [1]. Under the complex geological environment and human long-term underground engineering activities, deep rocks form various forms of natural defects, such as faults, cracks, weak interlayers, etc. [2,3]. The failure process of rock under the action of external load is essentially the process of expansion and deformation to failure of various defects in rock. ...
In order to explore the mechanical response characteristics of fractured sandstone under true triaxial different medium principal stresses, matdem particle flow software was used to study the mechanical response characteristics, fracture mechanism and damage evolution characteristics of sandstone specimens under the conditions of 30 MPa, 40 MPa and 50 MPa respectively. The simulation results are verified by true triaxial test. The results show that under true triaxial stress, the increase of medium principal stress is beneficial to increase the strength of sandstone. The fracture degree of the specimen increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress, and finally the interlacing macroscopic cracks are formed. When the intermediate principal stress is perpendicular to the fracture strike, the fracture mode of sandstone is that the macroscopic fracture plane is perpendicular to the fracture strike, and the fracture mechanism of sandstone under true triaxial compression is mainly shear failure, accompanied by tensile failure. With the increasing of the intermediate principal stress, the fractal dimension of the fracture of sandstone specimen increases significantly and the degree of fracture deepens. Combined with the true triaxial test results, the rationality of particle flow simulation test is proved.
... Climate of the area is subtropical, with average minimum and maximum temperatures varying between 25°C in winters and 45°C in summers (Kumar and Krishna 2018). The area exhibits a significant seasonal variation and receives the average annual precipitation in the form of a rain of about 1050 mm, a maximum in (Pandey and Kumar 2014). Total volume of water accumulated within the area drains into the Damodar River. ...
... Framework of smart cities system system (VinodKumar 2014). People are important because their participation is the precondition for successfully functioning of the smart city system(Fig. ...
The objective of this work is to investigate the suitability of such measurements for indicating heavy metal contamination. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out of agricultural soil which was collected from 23 locations from Kopargaon area of Ahmadnagar district, Maharashtra State of India, using AGICO-MFK1-FA multifunction frequency Kappabridge KLY4S with low frequency susceptibility (F1) 976 Hz and high frequency susceptibility (F2) 15,616 Hz. The magnetic susceptibility values at low frequency were observed ranging from 16.83 × 10–7 m³/kg⁻¹ to 59.38 × 10–7 m³/kg⁻¹, whereas at high frequency, magnetic susceptibility found ranged from 16.17 × 10–7 m³/kg⁻¹ to 56.38 × 10–7 m³/kg⁻¹. This significant magnetic enhancement is an indication of presence of ferromagnetic minerals in agricultural soil from the studied area. Heavy metals in soil samples were analyzed by using double beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of Mn (6.760 mg/kg) followed by Fe (3.929 mg/kg), Cu (2.284 mg/kg), Pb (1.328 mg/kg), Zn (0.936 mg/kg), Cd (0.682 mg/kg) and Ni (0.595 mg/kg) was observed. The evaluation of anthropogenic influence and contamination with trace elements in soil from study area was carried out using geoaccumulation index. Soil geoaccumulation index (Igeo) shows that maximum values of Fe (5.599) and least value of Cd (−0.976) were observed. The geoaccumulation class (Igeo class) sequence was observed to be Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Mn > Fe. The interpretation of the obtained field measurements and the laboratory analyzes indicates that Cd, Pb and Ni provide the potential risk, whilst the other heavy metals are in the safe limits.
... Climate of the area is subtropical, with average minimum and maximum temperatures varying between 25°C in winters and 45°C in summers (Kumar and Krishna 2018). The area exhibits a significant seasonal variation and receives the average annual precipitation in the form of a rain of about 1050 mm, a maximum in (Pandey and Kumar 2014). Total volume of water accumulated within the area drains into the Damodar River. ...
... Framework of smart cities system system (VinodKumar 2014). People are important because their participation is the precondition for successfully functioning of the smart city system(Fig. ...
Groundwater potential zones perform a crucial function in hard rock terrain. With this view, the study has been carried out to identify the groundwater prolific zones using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) in Kamina sub-watershed of Bhima River Basin, Shirur Taluka of Pune District, Maharashtra, India. The thematic maps such as geology, geomorphology, DEM, slope (%), rainfall, soil, drainage density, dug well density, borewell density, land use/land cover mapswere generated to identify the potential zones. Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an efficient tool for the delineation of groundwater potential zones. The AHP proposes a weight for each evaluation criteria according to the decision maker’s pairwise comparisons of the criteria. The hierarchy is built depending on the degree of influence made by each factor on groundwater potentiality. Finally, the AHP combines the criteria weight and the option scores. The ground water potential zone map so generated is divided into four classes (very low, low, moderate and high) depending on the possibility of groundwater potential. The resultant map depicts that 15.91, 23.3, 23.96, and 36.83% of the area represents ‘‘poor,’’ ‘‘moderate,’’ ‘‘high,’’ and ‘‘very high’’ groundwater favorable zones, respectively. The highest potential area is located toward eastern and southern region because of flood plains facilitating high infiltration, drainage of Ghodriver and thick soil cover. The areas having low potential is toward the basin boundary and northern parts of the study area due to highly dissected plateau, poor soil depth, steep slopes and low infiltration rate. The findings of the studycan helpin the formulation of an efficient management plan for sustainable development of the area.
... Climate of the area is subtropical, with average minimum and maximum temperatures varying between 25°C in winters and 45°C in summers (Kumar and Krishna 2018). The area exhibits a significant seasonal variation and receives the average annual precipitation in the form of a rain of about 1050 mm, a maximum in (Pandey and Kumar 2014). Total volume of water accumulated within the area drains into the Damodar River. ...
Morphometric analysis is a mathematical examination of the shape and dimension of the earth's surface that illustrates the interrelationship between hydraulic parameters and geomorphologic characteristics of a drainage basin. The present study indicates the effectiveness of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS)-based morphometric analysis of a sub-watershed of Damodar River basin in Ramgarh district, Jharkhand, India. The sub-watershed and drainage texture of the study area is extracted by ASTER DEM and topographical map in the GIS environment. Morphometric parameters such as stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, form factor, and circulatory ratio are calculated. The sub-watershed’s total drainage area is 46.71 km² and shows a dendritic drainage pattern that designates homogeneous lithology, gentle regional slope, and lack of structural control. The study area is designated as the fifth-order basin with a drainage density (Dd) value ranges 9.91 km/km². An extensive field survey supports the results. Results of the study have immense significance for engineers, managers, and planners for management of soil, water and provide watershed prioritizing management activities in the area.
... The Damodar River Basin stocks nearly 46% of the national coal reserve; mainly the subbituminous to bituminous grades (Kumar and Krishna 2018). Important geological formations of the study area are the Gondwana System and rocks of the Damuda Group of Lower Gondwana age contain the essential coal seams (Pandey and Kumar 2014). Average elevation of the study area ranges between 240 and 1050 m above the mean sea level (MSL). ...
Uncontrolled coal fires can be a major disaster for all coal-producing countries. They not only induce severe impacts on coal resources but also cause massive damage to the environment, including soil, water and crops, they can destroy infrastructure and impact human health and safety. Coal-burning in both underground and especially in surface coal mines that release particulates and various toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (NOx) that further contribute in global warming. Spontaneous combustion inside the coal seams causing coal fires further leads to land subsidence and atmospheric pollution in the area. Apart from spontaneous combustion anthropogenic sources (crude mining practices) are also responsible for igniting the fire. Remote sensing provides an ideal tool to detect and monitor coal fire in the affected areas. The present study utilizes Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) satellite data of January 2019 to detect coal fire pockets in various coal mines in Ramgarh and Hazaribagh districts, Jharkhand, India. An automated method is used based on land surface temperatures (LST) retrieved thermal data and coal fires related to thermal anomalies was identified in the study area. Delineated LST map based on band 10 indicates variation between 12.21 and 31.46 °C, whereas LST map prepared by band 11 shows between 8.13 and 23.50 °C in the study area. The study revealed some active and abandoned mine fire spots located at Saunda, Lapanga, Kuju, Pundi, Bhurkunda and Urimari that need special attention, so that coal mine subsidence triggered by sub-surface coal fires can be averted. The study also provides a perspective that may help local planners, administrators and responders to create or update the regional/district disaster management plans, allocate resources for risk mitigation, enhance community preparedness and prepare budgets for cost-effective emergency planning around the coal mining region.
... Coal deposits are primarily found in South Karanpura, East Parej, Kuju, West Bokaro, and Ramgarh coalfields are well known for good quality non-coking coal. Mining activity started in the Damodar River basin in 1815 and presently, it stocks nearly 46% of the national coal (mainly sub-bituminous to bituminous grades) reserve (Singh 1992;Pandey and Kumar 2014). Unsystematic mining practices coupled with rapid urbanization regularly modified the terrain, which leads to an altered drainage system that affects the quality of water resources in the area. ...
Groundwater is one of the most valuable nature reserves globally and its availability and quality are essential for the welfare of human beings. Anthropogenic activity has a significant influence on the contamination of groundwater resources. This investigation was performed to understand this problem by calculating a water quality index (WQI) with a geographic information system (GIS) to assess groundwater quality in the coal mining region of the Ramgarh and Hazaribagh districts, Jharkhand, India. Groundwater samples were obtained during the pre-monsoon (n = 45) and post-monsoon (n = 31) seasons from multiple sampling sites in the study area. The samples were examined for 10 physicochemical and 5heavy metal parameters such as arsenic (As), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb). Except Fe and Mn remaining elements were below the detection level (BDL). The WQI results showed that 189.76 km2 (22.34%) in the pre-monsoon and 694.93 km2 (81.83%) of the study areas lie under good and excellent water quality zones, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to source ions that incorporate three factors, including eigenvalues cut off at higher than unity. Total variance achieved for both the pre and post-monsoon seasons was 65.20% and 73.16%. Factors thus extracted resemble the relationship with geology, widespread coal mining, transportation, and industrial origin of the elements. Results revealed that the maximum portion of the study area is under a poor to unsuitable zone (77.65%) for drinking purposes during pre-monsoon, whereas the same area found suitable for drinking usage in the post-monsoon season.
... Similar studies analyze the pronounced anthropogenic impact on the natural landscape of mining areas, for example, in the Ruhr District in western Germany (Harnischmacher & Zepp, 2014;Harnischmacher, 2007), the Kolubara basin in Serbia (Dragićević et al., 2012), the Mehedinţi County in Romania (Boengiu et al., 2016), Bełchatów Coal Open Mine in central Poland (Jaskulski & Nowak, 2019), Patratu region in India (Pandey & Kumar, 2014) etc. These, as well as numerous other studies, also deal with the topic of design, analysis and comparison of digital terrain models of mining areas. A particularly good example of the identification of landscape topography transformation, based on a comparative analysis of DEMs, is the Polish opencast coal mine "Bełchatów", where topographic changes were found in 75% of the treated area (Jaskulski & Nowak, 2019). ...
... Topographic transformations in the area of surface coal mining in the Patratu region were also identified relying on stereographic satellite images using the DEMs comparison. Positive relief changes have been recorded in the landfill area (up to 49 m), while negative ones represent deep depressions (up to 66 m) that become zones of water accumulation (Pandey & Kumar, 2014). Gupta et al. (2014) point out that DEM is generated by synthetic radar interferometry (InSAR) ideal in identifying and estimating altitude changes in mining areas. ...
The paper researches the landscape transformation of the surface mines of the Đurđevik coal basin (northeastern Bosnia region), where 35.24 Mt of brown coal were produced in the past 74 years, and 227.40 Mm3 of overburden was excavated and disposed of. This type of coal exploitation caused the formation concave and convex of anthropogenic relief forms which ultimately led to significant landscape transformation. These transformations were identified and geovisualized on the basis of field research and comparative GIS analysis of archival maps, satellite images, Digital Elevation Models and plans of this area. As a result of the research, especially comparative GIS analysis of two prepared terrain models of surface mines, the transformation of hypsometry, slope and aspect, hydrographic network, pedological as well as vegetation cover were determined. Obtained geospatial data are geo-visualized in QGIS, and as a result, thematic maps were created to provide insight into the essence of transformations. Therefore, established indicators of landscape transformation can serve as a significant factor in planning the revitalization and land re-cultivation of devastated areas in the Đurđevik coal basin.
... For this reason, a return to the original morphology becomes practically impossible. This is highly important in the case of anthropogenic areas, in particular, former mining areas, including quarries established in large numbers until the mid-20th century [6][7][8]. Remote sensing techniques were not developed at that time to the extent that would allow for accurate archiving of data pertaining to the original relief, i.e., before the start of the excavation of the rock material. The only materials available were maps, mainly topographical maps with various scales, usually too small to be able to precisely reproduce the former relief of the land affected by exploitation. ...
... Until now, the reconstruction of relief has been carried out mainly with photogrammetric methods based on, e.g., archival oblique aerial photographs [8,45]. Moreover, historical models have been created primarily through the vectorisation of the contour lines on maps [20,41] with simple interpolators, such as bilinear interpolation [46] and triangulated irregular networks (TIN) [7]. ...
... At the same time, the values of both coefficients indicated small differences between the reconstructed model and the point cloud obtained in the process of vectorisation and subjected to the geostatistical modelling. The obtained coefficient of determination (r 2 ) was 31.51% higher than the results obtained by Pandey and Kumar [7], who tested other interpolators, including triangulated irregular networks (TIN). Based on the kriging standard deviation map (SD OK ) for Liban Quarry, it was found that increased SD OK prediction values occurred in locations not included in the sampling strategy, i.e., within the fragments of the present Liban Quarry pit. ...
Open pit mining leads to irreversible changes in topographical relief, which makes a return to the original morphology virtually impossible. This is important for quarries that were part of former mining areas. This research presents an innovative approach to the reconstruction of the relief of anthropogenically transformed land on the example of Liban Quarry in Cracow, where operations began before 1873 to 1986. The basis for the reconstructed area was a Topographic Map of Poland with a scale 1:10,000 from 1997, from which a set of data was obtained to perform spatial analyses. The estimation was conducted using the ordinary kriging method, enabling a reconstruction of the morphology of the studied area and presenting it in the form of a hypsometric map and a digital elevation model. The correctness of the modelling was verified by cross-validation and a kriging standard deviation map (SDOK). These revealed low values of estimation errors in the places without contour lines on the base map. The comparison of the obtained maps and model with a Tactical Map of Poland with a scale 1:100,000 from 1934 indicated great similarities. The highest interpolation error value was recorded in the part of the pit where the difference between the actual and reconstructed elevation was about 30 m on average. In the exploited part, the SDOK did not exceed 0.52 m, and in the entire studied area, it reached a maximum of 0.56 m. The proposed approach fulfilled the assumptions of reconstruction, as the analysis revealed elements matching the historic relief in both forms of presentation of the topography of the quarry, on the obtained hypsometric map and on the tactical map. Our study is among the very few in the world concerning the application of geostatistics in the restoration of the relief of land transformed by open pit mining activities.
... Having the pre-dam topography in the form of a digital elevation model (DEM) is crucial for analysis of the sedimentary patterns in reservoirs using GIS methods [12][13][14]. The former landscape can be reconstructed based on suitable historical maps, processed archival aerial photographs, or satellite images [15][16][17][18][19][20]. The need of DEM creation narrows the choice of archived spatial data to old maps containing elevation information or archived aerial imagery with sufficient overlap [14,16,[21][22][23]. ...
A wide variety of geographic information system tools and methods was used for pre-dam topography reconstruction and reservoir bottom surveying in two dam reservoirs in the Ohře River, Czech Republic. The pre-dam topography was reconstructed based on archival aerial imagery and old maps. The benefits and drawbacks of these methods were tested and explained with emphasis on the fact that not all processed archival data are suitable for pre-dam topography modeling. Bathymetric surveying of a reservoir bottom is presently routine, but in this study, we used a wide combination of bathymetric mapping methods (sonar, ground penetration radar, and sub-bottom profiler) and topographic survey tools (LiDAR and photogrammetry), bringing great benefits for bottom dynamic analysis and data cross-validation. The data that we gathered made it possible to evaluate the formation of the inflow deltas in the reservoirs studied and assess the sediment reworking during recent seasonal drawdowns. A typical inflow delta was formed in the deeper of the two studied reservoirs, while the summer 2019 drawdown caused the formation and incision of a temporary drawdown channel and erosive downstream transport of approximately 1/10 of the delta body thickness in approximately 1/10 of the delta transverse size. No inflow delta was formed in the shallower of the studied reservoirs, but unexpectedly extensive sediment reworking was observed in the inflow part of the reservoir. Both the studied reservoirs and the pre-dam river floodplain have accumulated historical contamination by risk elements such as As, Hg, Pb; thus, the enhanced erosion of existing sediment bodies expected in the future, owing to more frequent droughts and global climate change, will endanger the ecological quality of the water and solids outflowing from the reservoirs.
