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This paper presents the fundamentals; criteria; and mechanical, electrical, and electronic aspects required to properly operate and control emerging mechanical ventilators. We present the basis for their design and manufacture as a contribution to implementing this type of equipment at low cost for intensive care units. In particular, we describe t...
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Context 1
... sensors capable of measuring these flows suitably, which are for medical use and have an easily coupled output, are also commercially available. Sensors from the PMF4101V series (See Figure 5) [12] can be used for measurements in the range of 0-100 l/min. In addition, they have temperature compensation, an output between 1 Vdc and 5 Vdc, and are characterized by their use in medical equipment. ...
Context 2
... sensors capable of measuring these flows suitably, which are for medical use and have an easily coupled output, are also commercially available. Sensors from the PMF4101V series (See Figure 5) [12] can be used for measurements in the range of 0-100 l/min. In addition, they have temperature compensation, an output between 1 Vdc and 5 Vdc, and are characterized by their use in medical equipment. ...
Context 3
... sensors capable of measuring these flows suitably, which are for medical use and have an easily coupled output, are also commercially available. Sensors from the PMF4101V series (See Figure 5) [12] can be used for measurements in the range of 0-100 l/min. In addition, they have temperature compensation, an output between 1 Vdc and 5 Vdc, and are characterized by their use in medical equipment. ...
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Background
The shortage of mechanical ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic led doctors to use alternative noninvasive ventilation systems, including a modified snorkel mask. Data on the use of the modified snorkel mask is limited.
Purpose
The study aims to describe the effect and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 treated with...
ภาวะไตวายเฉียบพลันจากการติดเชื้อ COVID-19 หากผู้ป่วยได้รับการรักษาอย่างทันท่วงทีก็มีโอกาสที่ไตจะฟื้นกลับมาเป็นปกติได้ การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลการรักษาผู้ป่วยไตวายเฉียบพลัน (Acute Kidney Injury: AKI) จากการติดเชื้อ COVID-19 และปัจจัยเสี่ยงต่อการเสียชีวิต รูปแบบการศึกษาเป็น Retrospective cohort study เก็บข้อมูลจากเวชระเบียนผู้ป่วยติดเชื้...
Citations
... 16 Many emergency mechanical ventilator designs were also proposed based on mechanism, shape, cost, accessibility, novel sensors, and actuators. [17][18][19][20] Complex ventilator designs were also manufactured by some researchers using 3-D printing technology. 21,22 Guler et al. created a closed-loop intelligent mechanical ventilator using LabVIEW ® to monitor and maintain respiratory variables to reduce clinician's burden. ...
Medical life-saving techniques include mechanical ventilation. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the lack of inexpensive, precise, and accessible mechanical ventilation equipment was the biggest challenge. The global need exploded, especially in developing nations. Global researchers and engineers are developing inexpensive, portable medical ventilators. A simpler mechanical ventilator system with a realistic lungs model is simulated in this work. A systematic ventilation study is done using the dynamic simulation of the model. Simulation findings of various medical disorders are compared to standard data. The maximum lung pressure (Pmax) was 15.78 cmH2O for healthy lungs, 17.72 for cardiogenic pulmonary edema, 16.05 for pneumonia, 19.74 for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 17.1 for AECOPD, 19.64 for asthma, and 15.09 for acute intracranial illnesses and head traumas. All were below 30 cmH2O, the average maximum pressure. The computed maximum tidal volume (TDVmax) is 0.5849 l, substantially lower than that of the healthy lungs (0.700 l). The pneumonia measurement was 0.4256 l, substantially lower than the typical 0.798 l. TDVmax was 0.3333 l for ARDS, lower than the usual 0.497 l. The computed TDVmax for AECOPD was 0.6084 l, lower than the normal 0.700 l. Asthma had a TDVmax of 0.4729 l, lower than the typical 0.798 l. In individuals with acute cerebral diseases and head traumas, TDVmax is 0.3511 l, lower than the typical 0.700 l. The results show the viability of the model as it performs accurately to the presented medical condition parameters. Further clinical trials are needed to assess the safety and reliability of the simulation model.
... While many of these designs remain low cost, such bag valve mask-based designs are required in an intensive care unit [11]. Mechanical ventilators that use air and oxygen from hospital networks are the most commonly used in intensive care units because sensors that detect if the patients intend to breathe and assist them with adequate respiratory support [12]. Here in, we have designed a low-cost, easy-to-assemble, portable automated AMBU resuscitator system with proper air exhaust assembly that can be easily scaled, to fight the ongoing pandemic. ...
... Some boards are being developed to implement mechanical ventilators, such as those presented in addition, electronic sensors should measure the flow in the inhalation and expiratory lines, airway pressure, and the level of oxygen delivered to the patient [12]. We used the net benefit regression approach to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing two interventions-nasal oxygen and BCPAP-targeted to treat neonates with respiratory difficulty. ...
This paper considers a low-cost ventilator that is based on a manual resuscitator bag (Ambu bag) to pump air into the lung of a patient who is physically unable to breathe. To maintain the pressure of oxygen level to improve the patients breathing by regulating the flow of oxygen in the lungs as an intensive therapy. A contradictory motion is used by a ventilator to inflate the lungs by pumping type motion. The ventilator functions while not a human operator because it delivers breaths through the compression of an associate degree orthodox bag-valve mask. It satisfies its energy wants from an electrical motor having a battery power of three to twelve volts DC. Different functions got to be performed for the aim of ventilation i.e. pressure and needed range of breaths per minute are managed by a simple-to-use input board comprising of buttons. Adjust the time duration for inhalation to exhalation ratio. The low-cost ventilator design oxygen sensor and pressure sensor controlled by the microcontroller. This project work on a mechanical method to provide oxygen to the patient. This project gives comfortable treatment to the patient, and monitors and controls the pressure of oxygen level.
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America generated the need to develop low-cost, fast-manufacturing mechanical ventilators. The Universidad de La Sabana and the Fundacion Neumologica Colombiana designed and manufactured the Unisabana-HERONS (USH) ventilator. Here, we present the preclinical and clinical study results to evaluate its effectiveness and safety characteristics in an animal model (Yorkshire Sow) and five patients with acute respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilatory support for 24 h.
Methods
The effectiveness and safety outcomes included maintaining arterial blood gases and pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2), respiratory pressures and volumes (during continuous monitoring) in the range of ARDS and lung-protective strategy goals, and the occurrence of barotrauma. A significance level of 0.05 was used for statistical tests. This clinical trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04497623) and approved by the ethics committee.
Results
Among patients treated with the Unisabana-HERONS, the most frequent causes of acute respiratory failure were pneumonia in 3/5 (60 %) and ARDS in 2/5 (40 %). During the treatment, the ventilatory parameters related to lung protection protocols were kept within the safety range, and vital signs and blood gas were stable. The percentage of time that the respiratory pressures or volumes were out of safety range were plateau pressure >30 cm H2O: 0.00 %; driving pressure >15 cm H2O: 0.06 %; mechanical power >15 J/min: 0.00 %; and Tidal volume >8 mL/kg: 0.00 %. There were no adverse events related to the ventilator. The usability questionnaire retrieved a median score for all items between 9 and 10 (best score: 10), indicating great ease of use.
Conclusion
The Unisabana-HERONS ventilator effectively provided adequate gas exchange and maintained the ventilatory parameters in the range of lung protection strategies in humans and an animal model. Furthermore, it is straightforward to use and is a low-cost medical device.
