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This paper is mainly concerned with the digital manufacturing technologies in the context of the shipbuilding industry. New concepts such as digital shipbuilding, virtual shipyard, and simulation-based design (SBD) will be explored. After reviewing the digital shipbuilding, a case study will be presented using the virtual assembly simulation system...
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... utilising the next generation CAD systems, as well as expanding conventional CAD systems to take account of manufacturing and production planning related information, is being partly resolved. This study aims to achieve integration of digital shipbuilding with the next generation CAD systems using modelling and simulation technology. Table 1 shows the possible way to improve previous shipbuilding process. The shipbuilding process starting from order to delivery can be divided into the design stage and the manufacturing stage. The design stage can be further divided into contract design performed for the negotiation with the ship owner, basic design to meet the requirements of ship owner, and detailed design performed in a functional aspect. On the other hand, the manufacturing process includes pre- processing, fabrication, assembly, precedence outfitting, painting, precedence block erection, block erection, outfitting, etc, and these processes occur in a very complex pattern over a long period of time. Figure 2 shows the flow of the shipbuilding process. These shipbuilding processes are different from other typical manufacturing processes in the following ...
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... Several authors [6], [20], [21] have provided a most in-depth analysis of the entire product lifecycle from conceptual design to delivery, proposing the following production steps: part fabrication, part assembly, block assembly, block outfitting, painting, block erection, erection, launching, onboard outfitting, test & trials, and delivery. ...
The digitalization age is upon us; no one, not even the largest industries, is oblivious to the great advances in technology that are being achieved. Digital continuity, Industry 4.0, and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) are currently major challenges for companies that cover the entire life cycle of a product, such as the aerospace or shipbuilding industry. The research aims to introduce functional and industrial product structures and process structure concepts into the shipbuilding industry. The aim of this paper is a proposal of a process-oriented approach to the organization of naval manufacturing engineering based on the generation of both a product structure for design and manufacturing, engineering Bill Of Material (eBOM) and manufacturing Bill Of Material (mBOM), and a process structure Bill Of Process (BOP) to ensure digital continuity using advanced PLM tools.KeywordsPLMShipbuilding industryDigital continuitymBOMeBOMBOPIndustry 4.0
... Recently, intelligent manufacturing has gradually become dominant with the introduction of big data, artificial intelligence and digital twin concept [128]. As a result, intelligent manufacturing systems such as electronic manufacturing, digital manufacturing and virtual manufacturing, have become the new paradigm for improving manufacturing operations in manufacturing environments [129]. Traditional manufacturing is an online process where product designs and drawings are forwarded to the shop floor for manufacturing prototypes. ...
Traditional design, manufacturing and maintenance are run and managed independently under their own rules and regulations in an increasingly time-and-cost ineffective manner. A unified platform for efficient and intelligent design-manufacturing-maintenance of mechanical equipment and systems is highly needed in this rapidly digitized world. In this work, the definition of digital twin and its research progress and associated challenges in the design, manufacturing and maintenance of engineering components and equipment were thoroughly reviewed. It is indicated that digital twin concept and associated technology provide a feasible solution for the integration of design-manufacturing-maintenance as it has behaved in the entire lifecycle of products. For this aim, a framework for information-physical combination, in which a more accurate design, a defect-free manufacturing, a more intelligent maintenance, and a more advanced sensing technology, is prospected.
... Design evaluation is thus supported with a higher fidelity of simulation (Choi and Chan 2004;Bordegoni et al. 2006). Several recent studies have shown that virtual prototypes can be a cost-effective solution for evaluating design concepts (Choi and Cheung 2008;Kim et al. 2002;Antonya and Talaba 2007;Hu et al. 2011;Abidi et al. 2013). In that sense, the perceived quality of the rendered prototypes may influence the evaluation results, particularly the visual aspects. ...
Synthesized surface materials are an essential visualization element to represent and simulate the appearances of virtual objects such as product prototypes. This paper investigates whether the perception of rendered surface materials would be different between a 3D immersive/VR viewing condition and a traditional 2D one. For rendered surface materials, roughness and specularity are the two major parameters that modulate the rendering outcome. In this study, we vary the two parameters and incorporate psychophysics techniques to derive a scale for measuring the perceivable changes of material appearance. Using the perceptual scale as the basis, we run a series of surface appearance matching tasks and compare the participants’ task performances in the VR viewing mode and the 2D viewing mode. The results show that in the VR viewing mode, the participants identify the matching materials at higher levels of accuracy and precision. These findings show that the depth impression in immersive viewing environments may result in a different perceptual response to the rendered surface materials.
... It is thus important to investigate the effects of the computer aided manufacturing process on the production. Recently, a variety of digital manufacturing models have been designed [1][2][3][4][5][6] . In the 1960s and 1970s, the inventory control and material requirements planning (MRP) systems were introduced to the industry. ...
In this paper, we construct a mathematical model for a supply chain with computer aided digital manufacturing process. We show that the model exhibits various complicated behaviors including chaotic attractors. A stabilizing linear feedback controller is designed to stabilize the supply chain system. We move on to develop an active controller to synchronize two such systems. The design methodologies are based on Lyapunov stability theory. By simulating the model numerically, we observe the chaotic behaviours of the model. We find that the system has chaotic behaviours over a wide range of the values of the system parameters. The numerical results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed controllers. Our study reveals the interactions between the production and demand, in which the computer aided design plays an important role.
... Jain, Shao, and Shin (2017) described an integrated framework based on VF and data analytics. Kim et al. (2002) reviewed the concept and the current status of DM in general industry, presented application methods of DM, and demonstrated a case study in shipbuilding industry. Sacco et al. (2007) carried out a research project, named DIFAC, that is DF for human-oriented, production systems. ...
The worldwide manufacturing industry is facing a wide range of changes. Examples include the diversification of customer demands, increases in labor costs and energy resource costs, environmental pollution, and growth uncertainty. Based on the experience of advanced countries and global manufacturers, smart manufacturing systems (SMS) have the potential to address these. SMS can connect raw materials, production systems, logistic companies, and maintenance schedules using the capabilities of industrial, internet of things (IoT). These connections are creating cyber physical production systems (CPPS) and linking functions across the entire product lifecycle. These connections are possible today because of the advances in digital manufacturing (DM) technologies that can facilitate factory design, redesign, and analysis in CPPS and help to continuously and efficiently manage factory performance optimization. However, implementing DM today, especially in SMEs, is difficult because the required interface standards and data schema do not exist unlike other technologies and system such as CAD, PLM, MES, and SCM. This paper describes an approach to design and develop such a data schema based on a reference activity model developed by NIST. The paper then develops a cloud-based DM system based on the data schema. Lastly, its application cases are described, and application effects are discussed.
... Ship designers represent another group which has the opportunity to apply innovative designs in shipbuilding. The shipbuilding process based on digital design, operation and maintenance is pointed out as the alternative to be further developed in autonomous vessels (Kim et al., 2002). Digital shipbuilding is the process of performing the whole shipbuilding process from conceptual design to operation and maintenance in computer model and simulation. ...
The date when the first fully autonomous vessel starts operations seems to be close. The readiness and development of technology for creating and combining the needed operational components of an autonomous ship provide strong evidence to believe that the maritime transport industry is prompt to witnessing this date. However, technology is not the only element that has to be set in order to initiate the operations of these new smart sea vessels. Other crucial elements have to be systematically and sys-temically integrated into the initial design phase of an autonomous vessel. In this study, a general review of such elements is presented, making the representation of a process for building the initial safety management strategy in an early design phase of an autonomous vessel. This process particularly focuses on identifying determined safety controls for ensuring and managing the safety of the autonomous vessels. autonomous vessels. The systematic characteristic refers to the need for a methodological approach to define the initial safety management strategy of the autonomous vessels. The systemic characteristic refers to make this approach efficient to cover the different elements that need to be included in the design an autonomous vessel and its entire autonomous system (Carr, 1996). This approach demands covering new issues that are not commonly included and reviewed in a traditional ship design process. For this, the study offers the description of several elements that need to be considered in the evaluation of the challenges that autonomous vessels need to overcome before operating. The focus is on detecting those safety management elements that are essential to consider since an early design phase (Poel and Robaey, 2017). The aim is to present a systematic and systemic safety management strategy which can ensure the correct functionality of an autonomous vessel.
... With a specific end goal to have transparency, we have to gather and offer information of various parts of an item or venture. Another motivation to collect product lifecycle data is to use data for business evaluation and improvement [12]. Continuous improvement requires continuous evaluation of the business process from different aspects. ...
... Initially, researchers focused on methods for applying simulation technology to the shipbuilding process. These studies included the construction of a process-modeling database to simulate the initial steel cutting process during shipbuilding (Fast, 2000), methods to apply simulation techniques to shipbuilding (Kim et al., 2002), modeling and simulation of assembly lines (Shin et al., 2004). Thereafter, there were studies to propose material procurement, production and process planning methods using simulation technology (Song et al., 2009), development of a simulation-based logistics support system , and to define data models for production simulation model generation (Back et al., 2016). ...
A shipyard is an Engineer To Order (ETO) company that designs and manufactures new products when orders are placed. Various tasks are concurrently performed, thereby making process management considerably important. It is particularly important to plan and control production activities because production constitutes the largest part of the overall process. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of a production planning system based on an Advanced Planning System (APS). An APS is an integrated planning system that targets supply chain processes in accordance with the principles of hierarchical planning. In this study, a Supply Chain Planning Matrix (SCP-Matrix), which is used as a guideline for APS development, is designed through analysis of shipyard cases. Then, we define the process in detail, starting from long-term production plan as the initial application, and design and implement a long-term production planning system using a component-based development.
... The process of shipbuilding starts with the order to deliver and includes two main stages: design and manufacturing (Kim et al., 2002). The design stage encompasses the contractual arrangements with the owner, the basic design and manufacturing design. ...
... The design stage is followed by the manufacturing process, which includes many steps divided into erection (e.g., part fabrication, assembly, painting, etc.) and commissioning (e.g., launching, on-board outfitting, etc.). In regards to our specific research issue and for consistency reasons, we propose a simplified view of the product's BOL in the context of the shipbuilding industry (as shown in Figure 1), adapted from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012). Source: Inspired from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012) The original figure proposed by Kim et al. (2002) better illustrates the complexity of the process and shows how shipbuilding is different from other manufacturing industries. ...
... In regards to our specific research issue and for consistency reasons, we propose a simplified view of the product's BOL in the context of the shipbuilding industry (as shown in Figure 1), adapted from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012). Source: Inspired from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012) The original figure proposed by Kim et al. (2002) better illustrates the complexity of the process and shows how shipbuilding is different from other manufacturing industries. According to Kim et al. (2002), there are a number of underlying differences. ...
The use of building information modelling (BIM) in construction compares to the use of product lifecycle management (PLM) in manufacturing. Previous research has shown that it is possible to improve BIM with the features and the best practices from the PLM approach. This article provides a comparison from the standpoint of the bill of materials (BOM) and product structures. It compares the product beginning of life in both construction and shipbuilding industries. The research then tries to understand the use, form and evolution of product structures and BOM concepts in shipbuilding with the aim of identifying equivalent notions in construction. Research findings demonstrate that similar concepts for structuring information exist in construction; however, the relationship between them is unclear. Further research is therefore required to detail the links identified by the authors and develop an equivalent central structuring backbone as found in PLM platforms.
... The process of shipbuilding starts with the order to deliver and includes two main stages: design and manufacturing (Kim et al., 2002). The design stage encompasses the contractual arrangements with the owner, the basic design and manufacturing design. ...
... The design stage is followed by the manufacturing process, which includes many steps divided into erection (e.g., part fabrication, assembly, painting, etc.) and commissioning (e.g., launching, on-board outfitting, etc.). In regards to our specific research issue and for consistency reasons, we propose a simplified view of the product's BOL in the context of the shipbuilding industry (as shown in Figure 1), adapted from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012). Source: Inspired from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012) The original figure proposed by Kim et al. (2002) better illustrates the complexity of the process and shows how shipbuilding is different from other manufacturing industries. ...
... In regards to our specific research issue and for consistency reasons, we propose a simplified view of the product's BOL in the context of the shipbuilding industry (as shown in Figure 1), adapted from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012). Source: Inspired from Kim et al. (2002) and Lee et al. (2012) The original figure proposed by Kim et al. (2002) better illustrates the complexity of the process and shows how shipbuilding is different from other manufacturing industries. According to Kim et al. (2002), there are a number of underlying differences. ...
The use of building information modelling (BIM) in construction compares to the use of product lifecycle management (PLM) in manufacturing. Previous research has shown that it is possible to improve BIM with the features and the best practices from the PLM approach. This article provides a comparison from the standpoint of the bill of materials (BOM) and product structures. It compares the product beginning of life in both construction and shipbuilding industries. The research then tries to understand the use, form and evolution of product structures and BOM concepts in shipbuilding with the aim of identifying equivalent notions in construction. Research findings demonstrate that similar concepts for structuring information exist in construction; however, the relationship between them is unclear. Further research is therefore required to detail the links identified by the authors and develop an equivalent central structuring backbone as found in PLM platforms.
