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Background
Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) is one of the infections that causes disorders in patients when diagnosed untimely and inappropriately.
Methods
Case reports on HA in patients published between 2000 and April 2020 were gathered by carrying out a structured search through PubMed/Medline.
Results
Through a survey of the Medline database, 130 s...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Medicine's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms, titles, or abstracts through Boolean operators (and/or) including "Actinomyces" or "Actinomycosis" or "Actinomycotic", and "Liver" or "Hepatic. " It should be noted that only studies in English language were included. Of the total 130 hits, 64 were included based on the inclusion criteria given in Fig. 1. The protocol for review employed in the present research was adopted from our recent article and a study conducted by Hickey et al. ...
Context 2
... exclusion criteria were non-human studies, review articles, guidelines, systematic reviews or meta-analyses, actinomycosis without propagation of infection into the liver, and incomplete reported data (Fig. ...
Context 3
... a survey of the Medline database, 130 cases were identified and then, 64 patients with HA were included in the final analysis based on the study criteria (Fig. 1). These individual cases were published from Bahrain, India, France, Italy and Portugal (one each), Canada, Germany, Greece, Romania, Spain, and Serbia (two each), the United Kingdom (three reports), Japan (four reports), China (five reports), Taiwan and Turkey (six each), Korea (seven reports) and finally the USA (16 reports). ...
Citations
... Actinomyces is a filamentous, gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that is typically commensal in the oral, gastrointestinal, and female genital tract flora. 3 All body tissues can be affected, with a distinguished four main clinical types of infection: cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominopelvic, and disseminated disease. 4 Cervicofacial actinomycosis represents the most common site of infection. ...
... 6 Antibiotic therapy should be the mainstay treatment of actinomycosis, with surgery as a supporting therapy in refractory cases. 3 This case report describes a unique clinical presentation of BPS complicated by Actinomyces infection. We present a case of a 48-year-old man who presented with a two-month history of productive cough and hemoptysis, culminating in a life-threatening episode of massive hemoptysis during admission. ...
Key Clinical Message
Bronchopulmonary sequestration, a rare congenital anomaly, involves a nonfunctioning lung tissue mass supplied by anomalous vessels. It is rarely infected by Actinomyces, further complicating the clinical presentation, with limited reported cases. This case highlights the distinctive clinical aspects, diagnostic challenges, and successful management strategies of such a rare clinical entity.
... Actinomycosis is a rare and granulomatous disease that progresses slowly and creates sinus tract fistulae in a chronic form with a slow progression that creates sinus tract fistulae in a chronic form. It has been known for more than 150 years, and the most common causative agent is Actinomyces israelii (5,6). In recent years, the frequency of all forms of actinomycosis has decreased, possibly as a result of the enhancement of oral hygiene and antibiotic therapy upon infection suspicion (1). ...
... In recent years, the frequency of all forms of actinomycosis has decreased, possibly as a result of the enhancement of oral hygiene and antibiotic therapy upon infection suspicion (1). However, there is no solid proof to support the effectiveness of such actions in reducing the incidence of colonization and mild periodontal infection with Actinomyces species (4,6). ...
... and some fungal and parasitic infections can cause similar observations. Furthermore, Grocott methenamine silver staining can identify the branching microorganism that is specific for the existence of actinomycosis infection (6,62,63). ...
Background
Pulmonary actinomycosis (PA) is a rare type of Actinomyces infection that can be challenging to diagnose since it often mimics lung cancer.
Methods
Published case reports and case series of PA in patients with suspicion of lung cancer were considered, and data were extracted by a structured search through PubMed/Medline.
Results
After analyzing Medline, 31 studies were reviewed, from which 48 cases were extracted. Europe had the highest prevalence of reported cases with 45.1%, followed by Asia (32.2%), America (19.3%), and Africa (3.2%). The average age of patients was 58.9 years, and 75% of all patients were above 50 years old. Male patients (70%) were predominantly affected by PA. The overall mortality rate was 6.25%. In only eight cases, the causative agent was reported, and Actinomyces odontolyticus was the most common isolated pathogen with three cases. Based on histopathological examination, 75% of the cases were diagnosed, and the lobectomy was performed in 10 cases, the most common surgical intervention. In 50% of the cases, the selective antibiotics were intravenous and oral penicillin, followed by amoxicillin (29.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, levofloxacin, and doxycycline.
Conclusion
The non-specific symptoms resemble lung cancer, leading to confusion between PA and cancer in imaging scans. Radiological techniques are helpful but have limitations that can lead to unnecessary surgeries when confusing PA with lung cancer. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness about the signs and symptoms of PA and lung cancer to prevent undesirable complications and ensure appropriate treatment measures are taken.
... In this case, the route of hepatic involvement in hepatic actinomycosis was unclear. The symptoms often include abdominal discomfort, fever, weight reduction, loss of appetite, fatigue, chills, and malaise [2][3][4]. Radiologically, actinomycosis manifests as either a single mass (68.4%) or multiple (31.6%) ill-defined hypodense masses, or as complex solid and cystic lesions with a progressively and heterogeneously enhancing solid mass on CT [5]. This often leads to the misdiagnosis of actinomycosis, such as primary cancer or metastasis [6]. ...
... Culturing the causative bacteria or pathologically confirming the presence of sulfur granules can be helpful for confirmation. Regarding treatment, spontaneous recovery is rare, necessitating prompt initiation of interventions such as antibiotics (especially penicillin G or amoxicillin) and/ or surgical procedures [4,7]. ...
Hepatic actinomycosis is a rare condition, accounting for 15% and 5% of all abdominal and actinomycosis cases, respectively. Here, we describe a case of hepatic actinomycosis accompanied by immunoglobulin G4-related inflammatory pseudotumors. To the best of our knowledge, only two such cases have been reported to date. Here, we present the case of a 72-year-old male patient. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hepatic lesion that did not follow anatomical boundaries. The lesion showed arterial phase peripheral hyperenhancement, progressive enhancement of the central portion, sharply demarcated margins, and a radial stripe pattern. The final diagnosis for this hepatic lesion was hepatic actinomycosis accompanied by immunoglobulin G4-related inflammatory pseudotumor.
... Actinomycosis is observed in every organ; however, more than half of cases occur in the head and neck region and approximately 20% of cases occur in the abdomen. Hepatic actinomycosis accounts for approximately 5% of all actinomycoses and can cause liver abscesses [8][9][10]. Imaging findings of hepatic actinomycosis mimic those of malignancies, making diagnosis difficult. ...
... Imaging findings of hepatic actinomycosis mimic those of malignancies, making diagnosis difficult. Both the histopathological detection rate of actinomycete (sulfur) granules and the detection rate of actinomycetes in bacterial culture are low [8,9]; a definitive diagnosis cannot be made using imaging modalities alone. CT often shows single or multiple low-density shadows, which may be accompanied by enhancement; the border is often unclear in this type of image [8]. ...
... Both the histopathological detection rate of actinomycete (sulfur) granules and the detection rate of actinomycetes in bacterial culture are low [8,9]; a definitive diagnosis cannot be made using imaging modalities alone. CT often shows single or multiple low-density shadows, which may be accompanied by enhancement; the border is often unclear in this type of image [8]. MRI shows a low-signal area on T1-weighted images and a high-signal area on T2-weighted images. ...
Background:
Liver tumors with liver abscesses are unusual and rarely reported. In particular, studies of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with liver abscesses due to hepatic actinomycosis have not been reported.
Case presentation:
A 73-year-old woman presented with swelling of the right hypochondrium. Computed tomography revealed a mass lesion that was continuous with the abdominal wall in the right lobe of the liver, suggesting a liver tumor invading the abdominal wall. A liver biopsy revealed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a liver abscess. The histopathological specimen contained bacterial masses of actinomycosis, and the cause of the liver abscess was determined to be hepatic actinomycosis. As a result of percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy, the part of the tumor attached to the abdominal wall disappeared; therefore, we assumed that most of the lesion was not cholangiocarcinoma but a liver abscess due to hepatic actinomycosis. Radical surgery for residual intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was performed after chemotherapy. Currently, the patient is alive without recurrence 2 years and 9 months after the operation.
Conclusion:
We encountered a difficult-to-diagnose case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a liver abscess due to hepatic actinomycosis. A needle biopsy allowed early diagnosis and percutaneous drainage was an effective treatment.
... L'actinomycose primaire du foie est très rare, avec près de 110 cas décrits dans la littérature anglaise entre 1960 et 2020 [4,5]. Il est admis que les actinomycètes peuvent infecter le foie de manière hématogène ou par reflux duodéno-biliaire. ...
... Die primäre Aktinomykose der Leber ist sehr selten, mit um die 110 in der englischen Literatur beschriebenen Fällen zwischen den 1960er und 2020erJahren [4,5]. Es wird ange nommen, dass Actinomyces die Leber hämato gen oder via duodenobiliären Reflux infizieren können. ...
... Actinomyces spp. is opportunistic gram-positive, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic bacteria that usually colonize the upper respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal and female genital tract and typically infect males between 50 and 70 years old [1]. The diagnosis of suspicion is complicated because the history and clinical presentation are not speci ic for this rare entity [1][2][3]. ...
... Actinomyces spp. is opportunistic gram-positive, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic bacteria that usually colonize the upper respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal and female genital tract and typically infect males between 50 and 70 years old [1]. The diagnosis of suspicion is complicated because the history and clinical presentation are not speci ic for this rare entity [1][2][3]. Evolution is slow and steady in in lammatory contiguous extension without limitation on one organ, character prone to confusion with abdominal malignancies [2,4]. ...
... We present a case of a 54-year-old man patient with a record of three years of chronic pancreatitis of probably alcoholic origin, who developed hepatic actinomycosis, requiring drainage of liver abscesses and directed antibiotic treatment. uncommon and occurs in only 5% of all actinomycosis cases [1]. Liver involvement may occur from an extension of contiguous abdominal focus or by hematogenous spread via the portal vein [7]. ...
Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) is a very rare abdominal actinomycosis that can be confused with hepatic involvement due to a tumor. Liver involvement can occur from an abdominal focus or by blood dissemination from another focus. This disease is much more common in men between 50 - 70 years and in a situation of immunosuppression. Symptoms are nonspecific and diagnosis includes histopathology, cultures, and imaging test. Treatment includes prolonged antibiotic therapy with antibiotics such as penicillin and drainage of abscesses. We present a case of a 54-year-old man patient with a record of three years of chronic pancreatitis of probably alcoholic origin, who developed hepatic actinomycosis, requiring drainage of liver abscesses and directed antibiotic treatment.
... 18 In order to fulfill the aims of this investigation, the authors designed an electronic (PubMed) and a manual search in order to identify case reports noting any of the anatomical variations described by the aforementioned authors. This methodology was initially described by Chegini et al. 20 who studied the prevalence of hepatic actinomycosis. Likewise, Wibisono et al. ...
The aim of the present study is to classify and quantify the anatomical variations of teeth in terms of form and number of root canals reported in human teeth employing the classification systems proposed previously. An electronic (PubMed) and manual search were performed to identify case reports noting any of the anatomical variations. Each alteration was studied independently. The electronic search was performed using the following keywords: anatomical aberration, root canal, permanent Dentition, case report, c-shaped canal, dens invaginatus, palato-radicular groove, palato-radicular groove, palato-gingival groove, radix entomolaris, dental fusion, dental gemination, taurodontism, dilaceration. The initial search revealed 1497 papers, of which 938 were excluded after analyzing the titles and abstracts. Therefore, 559 potential papers were considered. Of those, 140 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. For the final revision, 419 papers were considered. We found that the mandibular first premolar had the highest prevalence of C-shaped canals. Dens invaginatus was more frequently found in the mandibular lateral incisor. Taurodontism was more prevalent in the maxillary first molar and in the mandibular first molar. Dilaceration was not clearly associated with a particular tooth. The classifications systems used in this review allowed for the better understanding and analysis of the many anatomical variations present in teeth. The variations in shape most found were dens invaginatus and radix entomolaris. The most frequently reported anatomical variation was in the number of canals.
... Actinomyces species are gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria that infect various parts of the human organs [2]. The most common site of Actinomyces infections is a cervicofacial area, and other locations include the central nervous system, chest, and pelvis. ...
... The most common site of Actinomyces infections is a cervicofacial area, and other locations include the central nervous system, chest, and pelvis. Hepatobiliary infection is rare and accounts for 5% of all Actinomyces infections [2]. Only 22 cases of cholecystitis caused by Actinomyces species have been reported in English literature ( Table 1). ...
Backgrounds
Actinomyces species are gram-positive, obligate anaerobic rods and are rare causes of cholecystitis. Because Actinomyces species are anaerobic bacteria, it is difficult for Actinomyces to survive in bile apart from A. naeslundii. We experienced a case of recurrent acute cholecystitis caused by A. odontolyticus.
Case presentation
A patient had been diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and treated one month before and after that, admitted to our hospital because of recurrent cholecystitis. Gram stain of the bile revealed gram-positive rods and gram-positive cocci. We found A. odontolyticus and MRSA in bile culture and MRSA in blood culture. We administered piperacillin-tazobactam and then changed it to ampicillin-sulbactam and vancomycin. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was discharged safely.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first case of cholecystitis caused by A. odontolyticus . Cholecystitis caused by Actinomyces species is rare. In addition, we may overlook it with the low positivity of bile cultures of Actinomyces . Whenever the cholecystitis recurs without any obstruction of the biliary tract, we should search for the gram-positive rods hidden in the bile, such as A. odontolyticus, as the causative organism, even if the bile culture is negative.
... The abundance of Actinomyces contributes to the root caries, periodontal infections, [21] and actinomycosis. [22] The abundance of Haemophilus in saliva is significantly decreased in the primary sclerosing cholangitis patients compared to ulcerative colitis patients. [23] Porphyromonas endodontalis is enriched in periodontal disease [24] and Prevotella spp is an important pathobiont that participates in human chronic inflammation. ...
Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex disease involving alterations in multiple biological processes regulated by the interactions between obesity, genetic background, and environmental factors including the microbiome. To decipher hepatic steatosis (HS) pathogenesis by excluding critical confounding factors including genetic variants and diabetes, 56 heterogenous MAFLD patients are characterized by generating multiomics data including oral and gut metagenomics as well as plasma metabolomics and inflammatory proteomics data. The dysbiosis in the oral and gut microbiome is explored and the host–microbiome interactions based on global metabolic and inflammatory processes are revealed. These multiomics data are integrated using the biological network and HS's key features are identified using multiomics data. HS is finally predicted using these key features and findings are validated in a follow‐up cohort, where 22 subjects with varying degree of HS are characterized.
