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Floral diversity in the different subgenera of Nymphaea . A , Subg. Brachyceras , Nymphaea micrantha (M. Koehnen s.n.); B , subg. Anecphya , N. gigantea (T. Borsch 3836); C , subg. Lotos , N. lotus var. thermalis (T. Borsch 3832); D , subg. Hydrocallis , N . rudgeana (M. Koehnen s.n.); E , subg. Nymphaea , N. mexicana (T. Borsch & B. Summers 3226); F , subg. Nymphaea , N. tetragona (T. Borsch 3155).
Source publication
Nymphaea is the most speciose, phenotypically diverse, and geographically widespread (nearly global) genus of Nymphaeales. Phylogenetic relationships among 35 of an estimated 45-50 species of Nymphaea are presented based on an analysis of the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. Because this is the first phylogenetic analysis of Nymphaea, monophyly of the...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the P8 stem loop of the trnL intron for inferring species relation- ships and for species identification. Before DNA isolation, young leaves were washed in distilled water to remove algae and other periphyton and were subsequently dried in silica gel. About three-fourths of the species of Nymphaea (35 out of 45-50), covering all five subgenera ( fig. 1), and representa- tives of all other Nymphaeales genera were ...
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Citations
... The genus Nymphaea L., which belongs to the wellknown plant family Nymphaeaceae (commonly known as water lily), is the most diverse, with an estimated 40-45 species [14]. The genus originated from a common lineage approximately 38 million years ago in the Eocene period. ...
... The genus originated from a common lineage approximately 38 million years ago in the Eocene period. This gave rise to three distinct lineages: the subgenera Hydrocalis and Lotos (i), Brachyceras and Anecphya (ii), and Nymphaea (iii) [14]. Within these subgenera classifications, the majority of species occupy unique ecological habitats and ranges. ...
Background
Interest in the evolution of climatic niches, particularly in understanding the potential adaptive responses of species under climate change, has increased both theoretically and within macroecological studies. These studies have provided valuable insights into how climatic traits of species influence their niche evolution. In this study, we aim to investigate whether niche conservatism plays a role in the species diversification of Nymphaea, a group of aquatic plants with a cosmopolitan distribution that is facing severe habitat loss. We will use climatic models and phylogenetic data for 23 species to reconstruct Nymphaea’s niche evolution, measure niche overlap, and assess disparity through time while testing for evolutionary models.
Results
There was a lot of overlap in niches both within and between groups, especially for species that can be found in many places. The breadth and peaks of the niche profile varied depending on the bioclimatic variables, which suggested that the species evolved differently to cope with changes in climate. The analysis also showed that evolutionary changes happened across the phylogeny, with weak to moderate signals. The morphological disparity index (MDI) values indicated that there were disparities within subclades over time but not between or among them. Niche reconstruction and evolution analysis revealed both convergent and divergent evolution among various variables. For example, N. immutabilis, N. atrans, N. violancea, and N. nouchali evolved towards intermediate temperatures for bio2 and bio3 (isothermity) while moving towards extreme temperatures for bio8 and bio9 (wettest and driest average quarterly temperatures).
Conclusion
Our study will improve our understanding of how changes in climatic niches are potentially driving the evolution of Nymphaea. It has significant scientific implications for the limits, assemblages, evolution, and diversification of species. This information is crucial for the ongoing efforts of conservation and management, particularly considering the inevitable effects of climate change.
... The f lowers of Amborella trichopoda, the sole species of the Amborellaceae genus, are scentless [6], whereas the f lowers of Trimenia moorei (a species of Austrobaileyales) emit a mixture of volatile compounds [7]. Nymphaea is an important ANA member and contains 45-50 species in five subgenera (Anecphya, Brachyceras, Hydrocallis, Lotos, and Nymphaea), which is globally distributed in four continents excepting Antarctica [1][2][3][8][9][10]. As an aesthetic characteristic for ornamental application, the f loral scent of Nymphaea plays pivotal role in attracting pollinators [10][11][12]. ...
Nymphaea is a key genus of the ANA grade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales) of basal flowering plants, which serve as a key model to study the early evolution of floral traits. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the emission, biosynthesis, and biological function of the floral scent in a night-blossoming waterlily Nymphaea prolifera. The headspace volatile collection combined with GC–MS analysis showed that the floral scent of N. prolifera is predominately comprised by methylated benzenoids including anisole, veratrole, guaiacol, and methoxyanisole. Moreover, the emission of these floral benzenoids in N. prolifera exhibited temporal and spatial pattern with circadian rhythm and tissue specificity. By creating and mining transcriptomes of N. prolifera flowers, 12 oxygen methyltransferases (NpOMTs) were functionally identified. By in vitro enzymatic assay, NpOMT3, 6, and 7 could produce anisole and NpOMT5, 7, 9, produce guaiacol, whereas NpOMT3, 6, 9, 11 catalyzed the formation of veratrole. Methoxyanisole was identified as the universal product of all NpOMTs. Expression patterns of NpOMTs provided implication for their roles in the production of the respective benzenoids. Phylogenetic analysis of OMTs suggested a Nymphaea-specific expansion of the OMT family, indicating the evolution of lineage-specific functions. In bioassays, anisole, veratrole, and guaiacol in the floral benzenoids were revealed to play the critical role in repelling waterlily aphids. Overall, this study indicates that the basal flowering plant N. prolifera has evolved a diversity and complexity of OMT genes for the biosynthesis of methylated benzenoids that can repel insects from feeding the flowers. These findings provide new insights into the evolutional mechanism and ecological significance of the floral scent from early-diverged flowering plants.
... The genus Nymphaea is considered the most diverse and widespread representative of the family Nymphaeaceae and the order Nymphaeales, with about 50 species distributed almost worldwide. There are five subgenera within the genus, including: Anecphya comprising seven to 10 species and restricted to Australia and New Guinea, Brachyceras with 14 to 16 species with a pantropical range, Lotos with two to three species in the paleotropics, Hydrocallis with approximately 14 species in the Neotropics, and Nymphaea with six (previously eight) species distributed across the temperate regions in the Northern Hemisphere (Borsch et al., 2007;Conard, 1905). ...
... ISSRs have been widely used in the identification of plant hybrids and their parents (Bianco et al., 2011;Goldman, 2008;Jade et al., 2021;Ruas et al., 2003) and have also been used for molecular studies investigating genetic relationships in Nymphaea (Chaveerach et al., 2011;Poczai et al., 2011;Woods et al., 2005b). Similarly, ITS regions have been used to resolve relationships among Nymphaea species (Borsch et al., 2007;Dkhar et al., 2012;Löhne et al., 2008;Volkova et al., 2010;Woods et al. 2005a) and have also been used to determine hybridization and putative parents (Borsch et al., 2014;Dkhar et al., 2013). Hence, this study aims to determine which species are likely to have contributed genetic material to Nymphaea hybrids present in South Africa through the use of ISSRs and ITS region sequencing, in order to maximize the likelihood of success of biological control of N. mexicana and its hybrids. ...
Hybridisation of alien invasive plants complicates efforts to develop biological control, because variations in the genetic makeup of the target plant can impact the survival of host specific agents that have evolved adaptations specific to the original host. To maximise the likelihood of success in a biological control program, potential agents should therefore be collected from populations in the region of origin that are genetically similar to plants in the invaded range. Molecular markers are useful tools to understand genetic contributions in hybrid populations, especially where morphological differentiation is difficult. Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini (Nymphaeaceae) is an invasive alien plant in South Africa that is being targeted for biological control, but hybrids with intermediate morphological traits are also present at several sites. In this study, ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) markers were used to determine which Nymphaea species are likely to be putative parents of these hybrids, and morphological characters were also investigated to determine if genetic and morphological traits matched. Two major hybrid groups were identified, with one group clustering with Nymphaea odorata Aiton and the other clustering with Nymphaea alba L. A third, smaller group clustered with Nymphaea tetragona Georgi, whereas the remaining samples clustered with pure N. mexicana from the native range. Morphological features agreed with deductions drawn from molecular data. These results allow us to focus efforts to find compatible biological control agents and better understand the complicated genetic structure of N. mexicana and Nymphaea hybrids in South Africa.
... They are nearly 6 genera and 70 species collectively. [1] Symbolism Lord Krishna's dark complexion is likened with Neel Kamal. Based on this, the blue water lily is also known as Krishna Kamal. ...
... Water lily belongs to Nymphaeaceae is a world-famous important aquatic plant with high ornamental value, a long flowering period, a wide variety of flowers, and strong adaptability [1]. According to the plant taxonomic system, it is divided into five subgenera, including Nymphaea, Brachyceras, Lotos, Hydrocallis, and Anecphya [2]. ...
Background
Tropical water lily is an aquatic plant with high ornamental value, but it cannot overwinter naturally at high latitudes. The temperature drop has become a key factor restricting the development and promotion of the industry.
Results
The responses of Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea rubra to cold stress were analyzed from the perspective of physiology and transcriptomics. Under the cold stress, Nymphaea rubra had obvious leaf edge curling and chlorosis. The degree of peroxidation of its membrane was higher than that of Nymphaea lotus, and the content of photosynthetic pigments also decreased more than that of Nymphaea lotus. The soluble sugar content, SOD enzyme activity and CAT enzyme activity of Nymphaea lotus were higher than those of Nymphaea rubra. This indicated that there were significant differences in the cold sensitivity of the two varieties. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that many stress response genes and pathways were affected and enriched to varying degrees under the cold stress, especially plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic pathways and some transcription factor genes were from ZAT gene family or WKRY gene family. The key transcription factor ZAT12 protein in the cold stress response process has a C2H2 conserved domain, and the protein is localized in the nucleus. Under the cold stress, overexpression of the NlZAT12 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the expression of some cold-responsive protein genes. The content of reactive oxygen species and MDA in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was lower, and the content of soluble sugar was higher, indicating that overexpression of NlZAT12 can improve the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Conclusion
We demonstrate that ethylene signalling and reactive oxygen species signalling play critical roles in the response of the two cultivars to cold stress. The key gene NlZAT12 for improving cold tolerance was identified. Our study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the molecular mechanism of tropical water lily in response to cold stress.
... The water lily (Nymphaea L.) is the most species-rich, phenotypically diverse and geographically widespread genus in the order Nymphaeaceae, with about 50 species worldwide [1,2]. The water lily is an aquatic flower with high ornamental value and is deeply loved by people for its colorful flowers, sacred and sublime symbolism and water purification capacity. ...
... Anecphya, Brachyceras, Hydrocallis, Lotos and Nymphaea. These five subgenera were also supported by molecular evidence and are now generally accepted [2]. Although the major genealogies within the genus Nymphaea were well-resolved, interspecific relationships within these taxa remain uncertain [6]. ...
... The No. 3405 was identified as N. lotus and N. petersiana based on ITS and cpDNA, respectively. According to Borsch [2], N. petersiana had "AGAA"-SSR in the trnL-trnF spacer region. Among all the samples obtained in this study, only 3405, KGS, TGN and GMN had "AGAA"-SSRs in the trnL-trnF spacer region ( Figure 2). ...
The genus Nymphaea L. (water lily) is the most diverse genus in the family Nymphaeaceae, with more than 50 species worldwide, including 11 species distributed in Africa. The complex and variable morphology of Nymphaea makes it extremely difficult to accurately identify species based on morphological characteristics alone. DNA barcoding has the potential to identify species accurately. In this study, 158 Nymphaea populations from seven African countries were collected for species identification by ITS, trnT-trnF and rpl16. Additionally, the three candidate DNA barcodes were evaluated for genetic distance and barcoding gap. Based on the comprehensive analysis of sequence similarity, genetic distance method and phylogenetic tree, a total of 137 populations of seven Nymphaea species from African were well-identified, including N. lotus, N. petersiana, N. zenkeri, N. nouchali var. caerulea, N. micrantha and N. guineensis. ITS has more obvious advantages over trnT-trnF, rpl16 and trnT-trnF+rpl16 in the intraspecific and interspecific variation differences and barcoding gap and can identify most species. trnT-trnF and rpl16 can identify some species that cannot be identified by ITS. The results showed that it is more appropriate to apply the combination of ITS and trnT-trnF (or rpl16) as the DNA barcoding of Nymphaea. Additionally, this study further enriches the DNA barcoding database of Nymphaea and provides a reference basis for studying taxonomy, phylogenetics and evolutionary origin of Nymphaea.
... Genic and inter-genic spacers viz. ITS, chloroplast trnT-trnF regions, matK have also been used for elucidating phylogenetic relationships among different Nymphaea species (Woods et al., 2005a;Borsch et al., 2007;Löhne et al., 2008). A study with co-dominant molecular markers with a large number of samples representing diverse geographical areas is missing. ...
Nymphaea, commonly known as water lily, is the largest and most widely distributed genus in the order Nymphaeales. The importance of Nymphaea in wetland ecosystems and their increased vulnerability make them a great choice for conservation and management. In this work, we studied genetic diversity in a collection of 90 N. micrantha and 92 N. nouchali individuals from six different states of India, i.e., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Goa, and Kerala, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed by low throughput Illumina sequencing (10X coverage of genome) of N. micrantha. Nymphaea nouchali is native to India, whereas N. micrantha is suggested to be introduced to the country for its aesthetic and cultural values. The study revealed extensive polymorphism in N. nouchali, while in N. micrantha, no apparent genetic divergence was detected prompting us to investigate the reason(s) by studying the reproductive biology of the two species. The study revealed that N. micrantha predominantly reproduces asexually which has impacted the genetic diversity of the species to a great extent. This observation is of immense importance for a successful re-establishment of Nymphaea species during restoration programs of wetlands. The information generated on reproductive behaviors and their association with genotypic richness can help in strategizing genetic resource conservation, especially for species with limited distribution. The study has also generated 22,268 non-redundant microsatellite loci, out of which, 143 microsatellites were tested for polymorphism and polymorphic markers were tested for transferability in five other Nymphaea species, providing genomic resources for further studies on this important genus.
... Taxonomic notes. The water lily Nymphaea L. genus is comprised of 40e50 species with subspecies, numerous hybrids, and chromosome variations, worldwide (Uotila 2001;Borsch et al. 2007). Currently, two species, N. candida and N. tetragona Georgi occur in Mongolia (Grubov 1982;Urgamal et al. 2014). ...
In this study, we investigated four aquatic plants, namely Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. and Nymphaea candida C.Presl in Nympaeaceae as well as Menyanthes trifoliata L. and Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze in Menyanthaceae from Mongolia based on field surveys, herbariums, and scientific literature. Additionally, we carefully examined for Nymphaea tetragona Georgi which was previously recorded in several lakes, Khar-Us, Khar, Buuntsagaan, and Tsetsegt as well as the Ider river in Mongolia. Because we did not find N. tetragona in the field, and because it is difficult to identify from herbarium specimens, we believe it has been misidentified at the Khar-Us, Khar, and Tsetsegt lakes to date. More surveys are needed to document its presence. Finally, we provide detailed distribution maps, photo illustrations, and taxonomic notes of four species.
... Extensive collections and studies by numerous investigators over the last century have now revealed a diversity of Australian Nymphaea species (e.g. Aston 1970;Conard 1905;Borsch et al. 2007;Jacobs 1992Jacobs , 1994Cowie et al. 2000;Jacobs andHellquist 2006, 2011;Jacobs and Porter 2007;and Löhne et al. 2008). Today, there are 18 native species of Australian Nymphaea described (Jacobs and Hellquist 2011). ...
Nymphaea kakaduensis C.B.Hellq., A.Leu & M.L.Moody (Nymphaeaceae) is described from Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. This new species is endemic to the “Top End” of the Northern Territory and was formerly included in N. violacea Lehm. The distinct floral form of N. kakaduensis of having generally smaller flowers with blunt-tipped petals and different coloration than N. violacea instigated a genetic study of taxa from the region. The cpDNA trnL (UAA) - trnF (GAA) intergenic spacer region was sequenced from samples from across northern Australia and a haplotype network analysis was conducted. Plants from populations that had the distinct floral form of N. kakaduensis are found to be genetically distinct from N. violacea in northern Australia sharing 4 SNPs and a notable 23 bp indel in the cpDNA intergenic spacer region to support the morphological attributes and species designation.
... Nymphaea is the largest genus of waterlilies that classified into the family Nymphaeaceae, which consists of two groups: Apocarpiae and Syncarpiae, (1)(2)(3)(4). The Apocarpiae group contains three subgenera, especially Anecphya (an Australian tropical waterlily) , Confluentes (an Australian tropical waterlily) and Brachyceras ( a day-blooming tropical waterlily) . ...
This research was aimed to develop culture medium enhancing the germination of self and cross-pollinated seeds in Nymphaea rubra 'Maeploi' and Nymphaea pubescens Willd. The self-pollinated seeds of N. rubra 'Maeploi' were investigated for surface sterilization method, seed culture medium and light conditions. The self-polli-nated seeds were surface sterilization with 20% (v/v) sodium hypo-chlorite (NaOCl) at various times (5, 10, 15 and 20 min), followed by the second surface sterilization with NaOCl at different concentrations (5 , 10, 15 and 20% (v/v)) for 10 min. MS medium at different strengths (MS, 1/2MS, 1/4MS, 1/8MS) was also studied to rescue the cross-pollinated seeds, compared to control. The results showed that the fruit set percentages of N. pubescens x N. rubra 'Maeploi' and N. rubra 'Maeploi' x N. pubescens were low at 5% and 3.33%, respectively. The N. rubra 'Maeploi' self-pollinated seeds were soaked with 20% (v/v) NaOCl for 5 min, followed by the sterilization with 5% (v/v) NaOCl for 10 min showed without the microbial contamination. Moreover , the suitable medium for N. rubra 'Maeploi' self-pollinated seeds was 1/8MS semi solid medium under dark condition. The germinated seedlings were developed shoots (60%), immature leaves (51.67%), and roots (48.33%) after 4 weeks of culture. Germination percentages of N. rubra 'Maeploi' and N. pubescens self-pollinated seeds cultured on 1/8MS were 51.67 higher than those of cross-polli-nated seeds of N. pubescens x N. rubra 'Maeploi' and N. rubra 'Maeploi' x N. pubescens (35 and 31.67%, respectively).
