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Floral and fruit morphology of: A, Buglossoides arvensis subsp. arvensis, fruiting calyx with bract and pedicel, opened and intact corolla and mericarpid in dorsal, ventral and lateral views (Bigazzi FI-HB 90.03); B, B. tenuiflora, fruiting calyx with bract and pedicel, opened and intact corolla and mericarpid in dorsal, ventral and lateral views (Cecchi, Coppi & Selvi FI-HB 07.13); C, B. incrassata subsp. incrassata, thickened fruiting calyx with bract and pedicel, opened and intact corolla, and mericarpid in dorsal, ventral and lateral views (Cecchi, Coppi & Selvi FI-HB 07.40); D, B. minima (Sommier s.n., 1872, FI), fruiting calyx with bract and pedicel, opened and intact corolla, and mericarpid in dorsal, ventral and lateral views.-Scale bar: flowers = 1 cm; nutlets = 0.5 cm.-Original drawings by L. Cecchi.
Source publication
The phylogeny of the small Old World genus Buglossoides and its position in tribe Lithospermeae was investigated using nrDNA and cpDNA sequences and morphology. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of ITS-5.8S and trnL-trnF IGS datasets consistently show that this group
is close to Glandora and Lithospermum but not monophyletic. Of the seven spe...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... -Nutlet morphology within Buglossoides shows striking variation in terms of size, shape and surface ornamen- tation. Taxa of B. sect. Buglossoides all have small (1.7-3.5 × 0.8-1.6 mm) trigonous-pyriform nutlets with a prominently verrucose-tuberculate, brownish surface (Fig. 5A-D, 6H); usu- ally no abortion occurs, resulting in four mature mericarpids per fruit. Species of B. sect. Margarospermum often have only 1-3 mature mericarpids by abortion, and these are larger and basically ovoid (2.5-4.5 × 1.8-3.5 mm), mostly with a smooth and glossy, whitish to greyish surface and an obtuse-rotundate apex, as in most ...
Context 2
... and B. minima endemic to Sardinia, Sicily and, possibly, south Italy, were also retrieved in this group. This clear phylogenetic result is partly matched by morphological evidence. The two synapomorphic traits for the B. incrassata complex are the cir- cular cotyledons without secondary venation and the obliquely thickened fruit pedicel (Fig. 5C), whereas the B. arvensis com- plex is characterized by oblong cotyledons with distinct second- ary venation and the pedicel remaining thin in fruit ( Fig. 5B; Clermont & al., 2003;Zippel & Wilhalm, 2003). In B. incras- sata subsp. splitgerberi, however, thickening of fruit pedicels is only partial, causing considerable difficulty in ...
Context 3
... by morphological evidence. The two synapomorphic traits for the B. incrassata complex are the cir- cular cotyledons without secondary venation and the obliquely thickened fruit pedicel (Fig. 5C), whereas the B. arvensis com- plex is characterized by oblong cotyledons with distinct second- ary venation and the pedicel remaining thin in fruit ( Fig. 5B; Clermont & al., 2003;Zippel & Wilhalm, 2003). In B. incras- sata subsp. splitgerberi, however, thickening of fruit pedicels is only partial, causing considerable difficulty in the distinc- tion from B. arvensis s.l. (Selvi & Cecchi, 2009). Distinctly thickened fruit pedicels and circular cotyledons can instead be easily observed in ...
Context 4
... discrepancy between morphology and phylogenetic relationships is caused instead by the rare B. minima, which has circular cotyledons without secondary venation (L. Cecchi & F. Selvi, pers. obs. on cultivated material from Sardinia) but non-thickened fruiting pedicels (Fig. 5D), perhaps as a conse- quence of character loss or reversal. The presence of three 1-bp insertions in the ITS 1 sequence of this taxon and its ...
Similar publications
Four naphthoquinones, namely-deoxy shikonin, acetyl shikonin, β, β-dimethylacrylshikonin and isobutyl shikoninhave been isolated from the hexane extract of the root-bark of the traditional medicinal plant Lithospermum viridiflorum. The structures of the compounds were characterized by using Mass, Proton and 13C-NMR respectively.
Citations
... Lithospermum, a genus within this family, comprises about 50 to 60 species, including L. officinale L., native to Eurasia but also found in Argentina (South), Colombia, and the United States [8][9][10]. L. officinale L. is a valuable plant source due to its medicinal properties. ...
... Phytochemicals, the biologically active compounds found in plants, have shown great potential in pharmacology. By studying ethnomedicine, researchers can identify plants that have been used for centuries to treat ailments and The Boraginaceae family is a diverse group of plants, encompassing approximately 135 genera and 2600 species worldwide [8]. The wide distribution and diverse characteristics of the Boraginaceae family highlight its importance in ecosystems and human culture. ...
Exploring phytochemicals from ethnomedicinal plants for pharmacological applications is a promising research area. By studying ethnomedicine, researchers can identify plants used for centuries to treat ailments and investigate their phytochemicals. Consequently, phytochemicals can be isolated, characterized, and tested for pharmacological activities, leading to new drug development. This research also helps preserve traditional knowledge and biodiversity. Lithospermum officinale L., found in Eurasia, Argentina (South), Colombia, and the United States, is valued for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. The current review emphasizes L. officinale L. as a significant reservoir of bioactive phytochemicals, with alkaloids, quinones, glucosides, phenolics, flavonoids, and lipids identified as the principal metabolites. It also unveils the unexplored potential of this plant for future research endeavors. Continued research on L. officinale L. can unlock its full potential, providing insights into its medicinal uses and contributing to biodiversity preservation.
... The features of seed morphology correspond to those given for B. incrassata subsp. incrassata (Edmondson 1978;Cecchi & al. 2014 Matevski (2010: 116) on the possible occurrence of "Pulmonaria officinalis var. obscura" (= P. officinalis subsp. ...
This is the seventeenth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data
relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Aizoaceae, Anacardiaceae, Asparagaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Cannabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Casuarinaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gentianaceae, Gramineae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Orobanchaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papaveraceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae,
Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae, Typhaceae, Violaceae and Vitaceae. It includes new country
and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Acer, Ampelopsis, Argania, Blackstonia, Buglossoides,
Carduus, Carex, Casuarina, Celtis, Chenopodium, Clematis, Eleusine, Elytrigia, Eucalyptus, Euphorbia, Euphrasia, Fraxinus,
Galium, Hibiscus, Hieracium, Iris, Koelreuteria, Lathyrus, Loeflingia, Ludwigia, Malus, Melampyrum, Mesembryanthemum, Muscari, Orobanche, Oxalis, Papaver, Physalis, Podranea, Portulaca, Pseudodictamnus, Pulmonaria, Ranunculus, Schinus, Sedum, Stachys, Typha, Viola and Vitis, and a new combination in Pseudodictamnus.
... The features of seed morphology correspond to those given for B. incrassata subsp. incrassata (Edmondson 1978;Cecchi & al. 2014 Matevski (2010: 116) on the possible occurrence of "Pulmonaria officinalis var. obscura" (= P. officinalis subsp. ...
... Although these issues have never been reported for Boraginaceae (Cecchi & al. 2011); it is still possible that ITS data problems may be responsible for these peculiar phylogenetic relationships. Similarly, as in the previous studies in tribe Lithospermeae (e.g., Cecchi & Selvi 2009;Weigend & al. 2009;Cecchi & al. 2014;Coppi & al. 2015), the results of this study have possibly indicated that the relatively low number of parsimony-informative characters of the plastid data matrix (24%) caused the phylogenetic uncertainties, and therefore, limited-plastid data may not be informative enough to solve the genus Onosma and tribe Lithospermeae phylogenetic relationships.This was already pointed out byNasrollahi & al. (2019) who suggested to use "fast evolving genes" for future phylogenetic studies of Onosma. Unfortunately the results of the present study hint that even these types of genes may not be enough to solve the phylogenetic inconsistency, due to the reason of the effect of taxon sampling on the group phylogeny and possible complex evolutionary histories of both clades (Nasrollahi & al. 2019). ...
Tribe Lithospermeae (Boraginaceae) consists of ca. 26 genera and 470 species, in which Onosma constitutes approximately one third of the species (~150). Although the tribe is strongly supported as monophyletic, both generic and species boundaries remain ambiguous. Among them, not only the phylogenetic position of Eastern Asian Onosma species, but also the taxonomic limits of the genus remain unclear. Whether Eastern Asian Onosma is monophyletic, or the genus should be widened to include Maharanga, and maybe Cystostemon, are still open questions. For these reasons, I performed 16 phylogenetic analyses with different taxon coverages, alignments, gene regions and outgroups, with up to 746 taxa of tribe Lithospermeae and with five DNA regions, using data from GenBank. The results, with the widest taxon coverage to date, show that while genus Onosma is not monophyletic in any of the analyses, the phylogenetic relationships among Onosma s.s., Eastern Asian Onosma, Maharanga and Cystostemon differ among analyses. However, the approximately unbiased (AU) test showed that the topology (((Eastern Asian Onosma+Maharanga) Cystostemon) Onosma s.s.) is overwhelmingly supported. Therefore, the current study highlights the importance of taxon, gene and outgroup sampling in Onosma phylogenetics.
... Research on the plant components of Lithospermeae mainly focuses on Arnebia, Echium, Lithospermum, and Onosma, followed by Alkanna, Lobostemon, and Stenosolenium. and Buglossoides, Lithodora, and Maharanga have been rarely reported 30,41,44 . The core components of Lithospermeae are purple naphthoquinones (e.g., shikonins, alkannins), pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and phenolic acids. ...
... Glandora is native to North Africa and South Europe. It is worth noting that the synonym of Glandora diffusa in Glandora is Lithospermum diffusum and Lithodora diffusa 41,42 . In traditional applications, Glandora is used for its diuretic, depurative, and antihypertensive effects. ...
Lithospermeae Dumort., a tribe under the subfamily Boraginoidae, is a perennial herb containing approximately 470 species under 26 genera, primarily distributed in temperate and tropical regions. To gain a deeper understanding of the medicinal plants of Lithospermeae and better protect and develop plant medicinal resources, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and traditional use of Lithospermeae with medicinal value were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer sequence. Through spatial analysis and the species distribution model, the spatial distribution pattern of Lithospermeae medicinal plants was analyzed. Meanwhile, the relevant targets and pathways involved in the pharmacological effects of commonly used medicinal plants were predicted using network pharmacology to further explore the genetic origin of Lithospermeae and enrich the pharmaphylogeny of medicinal plants. In this study, the chemical composition, traditional efficacy, and modern pharmacological activity of Lithospermeae were collected for the first time and analyzed in combination with the geographical distribution model, molecular phylogeny, and network pharmacology. Based on our findings, the pharmaphylogeny of Lithospermeae was preliminarily discussed, providing the scientific basis for basic research regarding Lithospermeae. Concurrently, this study explored the relationship between the development of the regional medicinal plant industry and the protection of biodiversity. Furthermore, our findings provide direction and theoretical guidance for the study of the phylogenetic relationships in medicinal plants and the development of Lithospermeae medicinal plant resources.
... arvensis) growing on cliffs facing north of Puig Major. According to the available literature (Selvi & Cecchi, 2009;Cecchi et al., 2014;Tison & Foucault, 2014), these plants are referable to B. incrassata subsp. splitgerberi. ...
Thispaper deals with 61 taxa, 8 of which are new to the Balearic Islands flora: Bromus macrantherus Trab., Buglossoides incrassata subsp. splitgerberi(Guss.) E. Zippel & Selvi, Erodium neuradifolium Godr., Hedera helix subsp. rhizomatifera McAllister, Misopates calycinum(Vent.) Rothm., Narcissus serotinusL., Orobanche balsensis(J.A. Guim.) Carlón, M. Laínz, Moreno Mor. & Ó. Sánchez and Valerianella locusta(L.) Laterr. subsp. locusta. On the other hand, 8 species [Aira multiculmisDumort., Aira uniaristata Lag. & Rodr., Oenanthe croccataL., O. pimpinelloides L., Opopanax chironium W.D.J. Koch, Puccinellia distans(Jacq.) Parl., Silene niceensis All. and Tyrimnus leucographus(L.) Cass.] are removed from the list of the Balearic Islands. Moreover, individual island reports are given for several species, 26 of them representing novelty at island level.
... I. M. Johnst. 34,35 . In traditional applications, Glandora is used for its diuretic, depurative, and antihypertensive effects. ...
Lithospermeae, a tribe under the subfamily Boraginoidae, is a perennial herb containing about 470 species under 26 genera, mainly distributed in temperate and tropical regions. To gain a deeper understanding of the medicinal plants of Lithospermeae and better protect and develop plant medicinal resources, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and traditional use of Lithospermeae with medicinal value were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. Through spatial analysis and the species distribution model, the spatial distribution pattern of Lithospermeae medicinal plants was analyzed. At the same time, the relevant targets and pathways involved in the pharmacological effects of commonly used medicinal plants were predicted using network pharmacology to further explore the genetic origin of Lithospermeae and enrich the pharmaphylogeny of medicinal plants. In this study, the chemical composition, traditional efficacy, modern pharmacological activity, geographical distribution model, molecular phylogeny, and network pharmacology of Lithospermeae were analyzed for the first time. Based on our findings, the pharmaphylogeny of Lithospermeae was preliminarily discussed, providing the scientific basis for basic research regarding Lithospermeae. At the same time, this study explored the relationship between the development of the regional medicinal plant industry and the protection of biodiversity. Furthermore, our findings provide direction and theoretical guidance for the study of the phylogenetic relationships in medicinal plants and the development of Lithospermeae medicinal plant resources.
... (Fig. 3) Buglossoides arvensis agg. is a taxonomically difficult group originally distributed mainly in the Mediterranean area. Although this group is currently stated to comprise six species (Valdés 2011, Cecchi et al. 2014), its taxonomy is still under dispute and requires further study. In central Europe two similar widespread taxa have been recognized, namely B. arvensis and B. incrassata subsp. ...
... The occurrences in eastern Asia, North America, Australia and New Zealand are secondary (Meusel et al. 1978, Hultén & Fries 1986. Here the species is accepted as circumscribed by Clermont et al. (2003) and Cecchi et al. (2014). In addition, plants with blue corollas and, at the same time, with erect stems, thin pedicels and symmetric receptacles, repeatedly collected in 1876-1890 near the village of Přívory in central Bohemia (originally identified as Lithospermum arvense var. ...
The ninth part of the series on the distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of 83 taxa in the genera Aphanes, Buglossoides, Calamagrostis, Carex, Cerastium, Chenopodium, Corynephorus, Crypsis, Dorycnium, Equisetum, Marrubium, Montia, Oxalis, Pilosella, Pteris and Spergula. These maps were produced by taxonomic experts based on examined herbarium specimens, literature and field records. The plants studied cover various taxonomic and ecological groups. Habitat specialists are represented by Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, which is confined to river banks and gravel bars, Calamagrostis stricta, a species of fens and wet meadows, and the obligate halophyte Crypsis aculeata. Almost half the studied species are on the national Red List. Two of the subspecies of Spergula arvensis, namely subsp. linicola and subsp. maxima, have been extirpated from this country. Cerastium subtetrandrum, which was discovered on verges of motorways and main roads in Bohemia, is reported here as a new alien species in the Czech Republic. Three other mapped taxa have only recently been discovered in this country. Calamagrostis rivalis had been considered an endemic species of Saxony in Germany until it was discovered in Bohemia. The previously neglected Carex depressa subsp. transsilvanica was found at a few sites in eastern Moravia. A single plant of Pteris cretica was discovered in an inner wall of a castle well in central Moravia. Spatial distributions and often also temporal dynamics of individual taxa are shown in maps and documented by records included in the Pladias database and available in electronic appendices. The maps are accompanied by comments that include additional information on the distribution, habitats, taxonomy and biology of the taxa.
... Currently, many authors advocate two species with two subspecies each. However, the situation is far from being settled and discussions continue (see, e. g., Cecchi & al. 2014). In Cyprus, especially B. arvensis subsp. ...
This paper deals with specimen-based records of 74 taxa, most of them having a scattered occurrence or restricted distribution range in Cyprus. The following taxa are new to Cyprus or have been found in the wild for the first time: Aristida adscensionis subsp. adscensionis, Buglossoides incrassata subsp. splitgerberi, Cenchrus setaceus, Chenopodium rubrum, Gazania rigens, Malus domestica, Mespilus germanica, Mirabilis jalapa, Pyrus communis, Sambucus nigra and Spartium junceum. The new combination Urtica cypria (H. Lindb.) Hand for the endemic nettle species is proposed.
... In general, we accepted the scientific names used in the latest version of the Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic ( Danihelka et al., 2012). In only a few cases, we followed recent taxonomic revisions (Hilger & Böhle, 2000;Cecchi et al., 2014;Otero et al., 2014;Kobrlová et al., 2016). ...
Large-scale investigation of genome size (GS) in the family Boraginaceae remains lacking. We present the first insight into the GS variation and evolution in this family by analysing all native and naturalized Boraginaceae taxa in the Czech Republic. In total, 38 taxa consisting of 274 individuals were analysed using flow cytometry. We found 60-fold overall variation in GS, with the lowest value in Myosotis sylvatica (2C = 0.56 pg) and the highest value in Lycopsis arvensis (2C = 33.63 pg). Most of the analysed species possessed very small or small genomes (94.74 % of all analysed taxa). Monoploid GS varied 35-fold. We also focused on correlates of GS with several factors, such as length of life, residence status, selected environmental factors and phylogeny. Short-lived plants had a significantly smaller GS than that of the perennial ones, and plants of ruderal habitats possessed a smaller GS than that of plants from natural habitats. Moreover, members of the subfamily Boraginoideae had a significantly higher GS than the members of the subfamily Cynoglossoideae. The GS was not correlated with the occurrence of polyploidy; therefore, the GS variation in Boraginaceae is presumably driven by the proliferation of transposable elements.
