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We examined the use of referential communication in a simultaneous shared drawing space between a group of drawers and a guesser. The drawers' task was to collaboratively sketch a picture that illustrates a given word, so that a guesser can verbalize the word based on the picture. The verbal communication from the drawers to the guesser was restric...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... report our preliminary results specifically focused on the usage of referential information on a shared drawing space. The significance of referential communication for effective communication has been empirically demonstrated and tested [1, 2]. However, interaction style and information type may vary depending on tasks and available communication technology. These variations require more empirical findings about how people communicate in different settings. The experiment was conducted in a unique setting, which emphasized the shared drawing space as a primary communication medium. To promote the use of shared drawing space, facial, gestural, and auditory communications were partially allowed. The findings can be used to develop suggestions specifically focused on referential communication on a shared drawing space. We implemented a shared drawing space using Java and IBM TSpaces on tablet PCs [3, 4]. Sixteen participants (5 males and 11 females) were recruited (4 groups of 4 people), who were undergraduate students at Virginia Tech. Each group completed ten sessions, including two practice sessions. As illustrated in Figure 1, three drawers visually expressed a given word on the shared drawing space. The guesser verbalized the word by watching the drawings from the shared drawing space on her own tablet PC and from the drawers’ gestural and facial expression through one-way mirror. Drawers could also freely discuss and strategize, since the guesser could not hear their conversation. The drawers could hear the guesser’s response. The interactions of the drawers and their sketches were recorded, using a Flip video, three webcams and Camtasia Studio 6.0. The final drawings for all sessions were also captured. The investigators identified the referential information from the final drawings as depicted in Figure 2 (e.g., an arrow, ‘O- X’ marks). The behavior of drawers, their drawings, verbal communications, and the verbal reactions from the guesser were visualized in a timeline (Figure 3). This was to understand the contexts associated with the use of referential ...
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