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Low-grade osteosarcoma (LG-OSA), incisive bone; dog No. 8. Figure 7. Bland spindle-shaped cells are surrounded by abundant collagen and fewer, thick bone trabeculae (asterisk). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Inset: Higher magnification showing detail of neoplastic cells. HE. Figure 8. The lateral/occlusal radiograph revealed an ill-defined mass with cortical lysis, replacement by radiating trabeculae (arrowhead), and thinning of surrounding tooth roots (arrow). Figure 9. LG-OSA, palatine bone; dog No. 9. Spindle-shaped cells with occasional thin bone trabeculae (arrowhead). HE. Inset: The neoplastic cells multifocally expand osteonal canals (arrowhead). HE. Figure 10. LG-OSA, maxilla; dog No. 10. Haphazardly arranged, mild to moderately pleomorphic spindle-shaped cells and multiple small irregular foci of mineral and woven bone are present. HE. Figures 11-12. Osteoma, zygomatic bone; dog No. 14. Figure 11. The lesion consists of dense bone with irregularly spaced osteocytes (inset). HE. Figure 12. Computed tomography scan of the skull revealed a well-circumscribed mass (arrowhead) present on the medial aspect of the zygomatic bone.
Source publication
Ossifying fibroma (OF) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) are benign, intraosseous, proliferative fibro-osseous lesions (PFOLs) characterized by replacement of normal bone by a fibrous matrix with various degrees of mineralization and ossification. Osteomas are benign tumors composed of mature, well-differentiated bone. Clinical, imaging, and histologic fe...
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Background:
The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features of reactive hyperplastic lesions (RHLs) of the oral cavity at a Tertiary Health Institution in Kerala and compare these data with those of previously reported studies.
Materials and methods:
The patient case files from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Patholog...
Key Clinical Message
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy of mesenchymal cells mostly originating within long bones, but rarely in the jaws. This report illustrates a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in the region of anterior maxilla in a 58‐year‐old male patient previously treated for ossifying fibroma of the same site.
Introduction:
Reactive hyperplastic lesions develop in response to a chronic injury simulating an exuberant tissue repair response. They represent some of the most common oral lesions including inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, oral pyogenic granuloma, giant cell fibroma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell lesions.
Objective:...
Peripheral ossifying fibromas are benign mesenchymal lesions that usually arise in the anterior maxilla of young female patients. Histologically they consist of spindle cell proliferation with focal mineralisation. We reviewed 48 specimens from 41 patients and recorded the clinical data, sex, and age of the patients, site and size of the lesions, t...
Introduction: Peripheral ossifying fibroma, a pseudotumoral injury, considered within simple reactive hyperplasia, which generally have a definite cause and are often reversible. Objective: To present a case of an injury to a patient, which manifested as radiolucent lesion, asymptomatic, whose differential diagnosis based on clinical manifestations...
Citations
... Additional differential diagnoses that have been reported to cause intraluminal sinus exostoses in veterinary species include proliferative fibro-osseous lesions and neoplasms such as osteoma, ossifying fibromas, fibrous dysplasia, odontogenic tumors, and multilobular tumor of bone or osteosarcoma (Soltero-Rivera et al., 2015). Osteomas, which are benign neoplasms of bone tissue, have been previously described within the nasal passages of extant herbivores (Wuersch et al., 2009); however, the architectural organization of this Tarchia's sinus exostosis, which lacks central compaction and well-defined circumferential margins, is not compatible with osteoma. ...
Skulls of the Mongolian ankylosaurids Shamosaurus, Tarchia, and Saichania were scanned for information about their internal anatomy. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the Tarchia skull revealed substantial internal anatomical differences from known Campanian North American taxa, particularly in the morphology of the airway. In addition, unexpected anomalies were detected within the airway and sinuses. The anomalies include multiple bilaterally distributed, variably sized hyperdense (mineralized) concretions within the airway and sinuses, the largest of which, positioned in the right nasal cavity medial to the supraorbitals, has an asymmetric ovoid shape that tapers caudally and which is partially encased within a hemispherical trabeculated osseous proliferation (sinus exostosis). Immediately adjacent to the exostosis is a subcircular transosseous defect in the prefrontal region of the skull roof that is partially filled with trabeculated ossified material with similar architectural features as the larger exostosis. Irregularities along the internal and external surfaces of the cranial vault may be associated. The radiologic features of the hemicircumferential exostosis suggest a chronic reactive osteoproliferation, possibly in response to an ongoing inflammatory reaction to primary sinus infection or, in combination with the unilateral transosseous defect, traumatically introduced infection with potentially fatal consequences. This report underscores the value of CT scanning of fossil vertebrate specimens, which in this case revealed large internal lesions of the skull that, at the time the scan was performed, were otherwise indiscernible.
... An osteoma is a benign primary bone neoplasm. [1][2][3][4] It is uncommon, and oral osteomas are often nonpainful incidental findings. [1][2][3][4] They occur most commonly in senior to geriatric, medium-to largebreed dogs but have also been reported in cats. ...
... [1][2][3][4] It is uncommon, and oral osteomas are often nonpainful incidental findings. [1][2][3][4] They occur most commonly in senior to geriatric, medium-to largebreed dogs but have also been reported in cats. 1,4 They arise most commonly from the periosteum (periosteal or peripheral osteoma) but can also arise from the endosteum (endosteal or central osteoma) or extraskeletal soft tissue. 2 While there is no reported malignant transformation or metastatic potential, within the oral cavity an osteoma can interfere with occlusion and surrounding structures, such as displacing adjacent dentition or impeding temporomandibular joint motion. 2 Radiographically and on CT scan, an osteoma appears as a well-circumscribed area of mineral opacity with bone proliferation/expansion and occasionally areas of bone lysis. ...
... 1,4 They arise most commonly from the periosteum (periosteal or peripheral osteoma) but can also arise from the endosteum (endosteal or central osteoma) or extraskeletal soft tissue. 2 While there is no reported malignant transformation or metastatic potential, within the oral cavity an osteoma can interfere with occlusion and surrounding structures, such as displacing adjacent dentition or impeding temporomandibular joint motion. 2 Radiographically and on CT scan, an osteoma appears as a well-circumscribed area of mineral opacity with bone proliferation/expansion and occasionally areas of bone lysis. 3 Since an endosteal osteoma is essentially "bone within bone," it has been suggested that continuous growth, expansion, or displacement is necessary to support a diagnosis of endosteal osteoma rather than an exostosis, idiopathic sclerosis, or condensing osteitis. Treatment is surgical removal, and recurrence is not expected following complete excision. ...
... Low-grade osteosarcoma is a differential diagnosis for fibro-osseous bone lesions in humans, and one paper has described 3 cases of low-grade central osteosarcoma in dogs. 80 However, the paper included only 3 cases, one which was doing well 8 months after diagnosis, one with progressive disease 2 months after excision, and one which was lost to follow up. 80 Therefore, in the opinion of the authors, more published evidence is required to be sure this entity exists in dogs and to determine both the prognostic features of the tumor and the expected outcome. ...
... 80 However, the paper included only 3 cases, one which was doing well 8 months after diagnosis, one with progressive disease 2 months after excision, and one which was lost to follow up. 80 Therefore, in the opinion of the authors, more published evidence is required to be sure this entity exists in dogs and to determine both the prognostic features of the tumor and the expected outcome. The features of osteoma, ossifying fibroma, and fibrous dysplasia are well described in textbooks. ...
... Both are reported to be expansile in some cases. 80,90 The CT findings of osteoma in cats diverged into well-defined solid dense lesions described as "compact," and a lower density "cancellous" form that was less clearly demarcated and expansile. 32 Though rare in veterinary patients, fibrous dysplasia is usually reported in juvenile dogs rather than adults. ...
The skeletal system is a common site for neoplasia in dogs and cats, and primary bone tumors may develop from any of the mesenchymal tissues present in bone. Imaging and histopathology are routinely used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, and the 2 techniques are highly complementary. While imaging may be highly suggestive of a specific diagnosis and treatment may be instituted based on this, definitive diagnosis requires histopathology of either incisional or excisional biopsies or an amputation specimen. However, there are a number of diagnostic dilemmas when the pathologist interprets bone biopsy samples, such as distinguishing reactive bone and tumor bone, fracture callus and tumor bone, different benign fibro-osseous lesions, and different types of bone sarcoma. This review outlines the characteristic radiographic and histologic changes associated with these diagnostic problems to aid in resolving them. When a holistic approach is taken to evaluation of the signalment, history, and clinical, radiologic, and microscopic features, a diagnosis may be possible. The pathologist is greatly assisted in the interpretation of bone samples by having access to imaging and should routinely request either the images or the imaging reports if they are not received from submitting veterinarians.
... It is a rare, nonaggressive, radiolucent, nonneoplastic lesion considered developmental in origin. [185][186][187] Growth Plate Closed, Partially Closed, ...
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions) Project ( www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp ) is a joint initiative of the societies of toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the dog used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet ( http://www.goreni.org/ ). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions, lesions induced by exposure to test materials, and relevant infectious and parasitic lesions. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
... Although it has been documented in several animal species, including horse, pig, dog, and domestic cat, there are still few reports of FD in animals [1,[8][9][10] . Only three cases have been reported in non-human primates up to date [11][12][13] . ...
This paper presents the gross and histopathologic findings of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia which is rarely seen in non-human primates. A 3-year-old female spider monkey (Ateles paniscus) was referred to the clinics of our faculty with the complaints of severe dyspnea, lethargy and cough and was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy following the radiographic examination. However, the monkey died due to
depression of respiration before treatment was done. Necropsy was performed on the request of the owner. Dilated cardiomyopathy and irregularly shaped tumoral masses with diameters of 0.5-1.0 cm in the right and left ribs were detected. Following the histopathological examination, the lesions were diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia.
... 7,8 Low-grade osteosarcomas (LG-OSAs) should also be included in the differential diagnosis of mandibular PFOLs as they share histological resemblances with these benign lesions. 9 Reports in small animals are uncommon, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and some of the forms described in people have not been reported in veterinary medicine. Reaching a definitive diagnosis of a fibro-osseous lesion poses a challenge for human and veterinary pathologists owing to the similarity of the different subtypes (OF, FD, COD, LG-OSA) in their microscopic appearance. ...
... Reaching a definitive diagnosis of a fibro-osseous lesion poses a challenge for human and veterinary pathologists owing to the similarity of the different subtypes (OF, FD, COD, LG-OSA) in their microscopic appearance. 9 This report describes the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a large, expansile, non-neoplastic, non-inflammatory hyperplastic/dysplastic fibrous lesion originating from the nasal cavity of a cat. ...
... Despite previous retrospectives studies and re-examination of the histological samples, accurate classification remains a challenge. 6,9 Fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma should be considered as differential diagnoses for expansile nasal masses in cats, and surgical resection can be considered as a treatment option. Longer-term follow-up is required to predict prognosis. ...
Case summary
A 13-year-old female domestic longhair cat was presented for further investigation of chronic sneezing combined with a right-sided nasal discharge. A CT scan of the head revealed a locally invasive, aggressive right nasal mass radiographically consistent with a malignant neoplastic process. Histopathology on rhinoscopically guided biopsies revealed an unusual pathology consistent with fibro-osseous hyperplasia/dysplasia. Surgical treatment via a ventral rhinotomy and curettage was performed, and the diagnosis confirmed by repeat histopathology. The cat’s clinical signs significantly improved postoperatively.
Relevance and novel information
This case report describes an unusual feline nasal pathology. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of a non-neoplastic, non-inflammatory expansile feline nasal tumour. Also described are the CT and histological appearance of the mass, and the difficulties encountered obtaining the definitive diagnosis. Information regarding the prognosis following surgical removal of proliferative fibro-osseous lesions in cats is poor, especially from the nasal cavity where clean margins may well be impossible to obtain. In this case, surgical resection improved clinical signs and the cat remains well at 15 months post-procedure.
... Although benign, the infiltrative ability of fibrous proliferations, depending on the anatomical site, makes surgical procedures difficult and/or invasive [129][130][131][132][133]. CDV could represent an alternative option for these patients. ...
Oncolytic virotherapy has been investigated for several decades and is emerging as a plausible biological therapy with several ongoing clinical trials and two viruses are now approved for cancer treatment in humans. The direct cytotoxicity and immune-stimulatory effects make oncolytic viruses an interesting strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the results of in vitro and in vivo published studies of oncolytic viruses in different phases of evaluation in dogs, using PubMed and Google scholar as search platforms, without time restrictions (to date). Natural and genetically modified oncolytic viruses were evaluated with some encouraging results. The most studied viruses to date are the reovirus, myxoma virus, and vaccinia, tested mostly in solid tumors such as osteosarcomas, mammary gland tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and mastocytomas. Although the results are promising, there are issues that need addressing such as ensuring tumor specificity, developing optimal dosing, circumventing preexisting antibodies from previous exposure or the development of antibodies during treatment, and assuring a reasonable safety profile, all of which are required in order to make this approach a successful therapy in dogs.
... Histologically, the tumour comprises a proliferating fibrous stroma containing irregular spicules of osteoid or bone tissue (Morse et al. 1988;Kodaira et al. 2010). In domestic animals, the most commonly affected site is the head, especially the mandible and nasal sinuses, and it typically affects younger animals (Morse et al. 1988;Soltero-Rivera et al. 2015). ...
A 5‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented to Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a several week history of bilateral blindness. Neurological deficits included an absent menace response and severe atrophy of the optic nerve head in the left eye (OS) as well as decreased vision in the right eye (OD). Advanced imaging consisting of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a large mass in the base of the skull invading the sinuses and asymmetrically compressing the optic nerves rostral to the optic chiasm. Due to the size and location of the mass as well as severity of associated neurological signs, humane euthanasia was elected. Necropsy examination identified a large mass effacing the sphenopalatine sinuses and compressing the optic nerves. Histologically, the mass was identified as an ossifying fibroma (OF) and degeneration of the optic nerves was confirmed. As an OF in this location has never been described in a horse, this case demonstrates a new differential for blindness in horses.
... In the case of nasal osteoma, previous radiological analysis revealed a well-circumscribed calcific and inhomogeneous radiopacity occupying the nasal cavities (Soltero-Rivera et al. 2015). ...
... Histological aspects of osteoma usually highlight the presence of dense bone with irregularly spaced osteocytes within the lacunae. The medullary spaces may contain adipose tissue, blood vessels, fibrous connective tissue, and less frequently, loosely arranged bone marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Soltero-Rivera et al. 2015). ...
... No chemotherapy after surgery is recommended. Radiofrequency ablation may be considered when complete surgical excision is not possible (Soltero-Rivera et al. 2015;Faddoul et al. 2016). Another treatment which is technically feasible in human medicine is image-guided cryoablation (Whitmore et al. 2016). ...
A 35-month-old female German shepherd weighing 33.2 kg was referred to our department with a 10-month history of sneezing and left nasal swelling. On clinical examination, the dog showed deformity of the left nasal plane in the absence of any cutaneous lesions or nasal discharge, and presented with nasal snoring noises during both the inspiratory and expiratory phases. The patency of nasal cavities was evaluated using the cotton swab test, and was found to be preserved only on the right side. Endoscopic, radiographic and computed tomographic examination revealed an osteoproductive lesion that distorted the nasal, maxillar and frontal bones, completely occupying the left nasal cavity and frontal sinuses, resulting in destruction of the nasal septum and invasion of the contralateral nasal cavity. Five bioptic samples of the mass were collected from the cutaneous surface using a 9G Jamshidi bone marrow bioptic instrument. Histologically, the lesion consisted of a non-encapsulated, multilobulated mass composed of dense coalescing trabeculae of well-differentiated bone, which was lined by osteogenic cells. The morphology was suggestive of nasal osteoma. Due to the large size of the mass, evidenced by computed tomography, chronic systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment with carprofen was proposed instead of surgery. The description of this case is useful for veterinarians, who should consider osteoma as a possible differential diagnosis for nasal tumours.
... Conditions affecting the teeth and jaws can be particularly perplexing. Writing about the confusing array of ossifying oral cavity lesions in dogs that include ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, and osteomas, Soltero-Rivera et al 18 Similarly, understanding laminitis in horses, an age-old disease with several etiologies, has been greatly enhanced by Engiles et al, 6 who used micro-computed tomography (CT) and histology to measure and describe changes in the distal phalanx of affected horses. Karikoski et al 9 provide a detailed correlation of endocrinopathic laminitis with clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic findings. ...
