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et 3.-Imago et larve de Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) sous écorce de Peuplier de culture, La Wantzenau (Bas-Rhin), 29-iii-2014.
Source publication
Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763), Coléoptère saproxylique centre-européen, est observé en 2014 pour la première fois en France en Alsace (Bas-Rhin). Cette espèce strictement protégée en Europe, longtemps considérée comme relicte de forêt primaire, a connu un déclin important au xx e siècle. Depuis 2000, ce Coléoptère connaît une expansion impor...
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Citations
... Compared with other rare saproxylic species, C. cinnaberinus has been more successful in exploiting newly emerging habitats (Horák et al., 2010). The above-described distribution range began to change at the turn of the 21st century, when the beetle spread to lowland riparian forests and planted poplar (Populus) stands in Central and Western Europe (Bussler, 2002;Fuchs et al., 2014;Horák et al., 2012;Thomaes et al., 2020). The changes in the distribution of C. cinnaberinus and conservation status in specific biogeographic regions raise questions about conservation needs and priorities for this species. ...
... Looking at the most recent part of history of C. cinnaberinus, some of its populations have experienced a strong decline in the last centuries (Horák et al., 2010) and subsequent recovery and recolonization (Bussler, 2002;Fuchs et al., 2014;Thomaes et al., 2020). ...
... The bottleneck caused by timber harvesting in recent centuries (Savill, 2016) is likely to have affected all populations, especially those from Western Europe where large primary forests no longer exist. The species has only recently recolonized some areas in Western Europe (Fuchs et al., 2014;Thomaes et al., 2020). The genetic impact of this recent expansion may override earlier genetic evidence of the bottleneck in recent centuries. ...
Aim
The biogeography of European forests presents many interesting case studies, as inferred from phylogeography, contemporary population genetics, and distribution modelling of saproxylic species. Here, we pose four main hypotheses: (i) the phylogeographic paradigm known for temperate species in Europe is also applicable for saproxylic taxa; (ii) current expansion is occurring only in some genetic lineages; (iii) genetic diversity decreases from east to west, reflecting differences in forest naturalness and management; and (iv) climatic changes will force a northward range shift.
Location
Europe.
Taxon
The saproxylic beetle, Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763).
Methods
Beetles from 37 locations throughout the species range were genotyped using microsatellites and mtDNA (468 and 237 individuals, respectively). Molecular data were analysed to describe population diversity, structure, and demography. 200 records were used to model distribution based on climate data.
Results
mtDNA analyses revealed three clades: the most divergent in Italy and two less distinct in north‐western and central‐to‐southeastern Europe. Microsatellites showed no clear geographic distribution pattern except for a distinct lineage in Italy. The highest genetic diversity was found in southern refugia, in natural forests of Central‐Eastern Europe, and in a mixing zone in Pannonia. During the Holocene, the Italian population declined, whereas populations in the rest of Europe showed no clear changes. Distribution models revealed the existence of glacial refugia along the coasts of the Adriatic and Black Seas, and northward dispersal in the Holocene continued in the XXI century.
Conclusions
C. cinnaberinus has a complex historical biogeography, discordant with patterns known for temperate or boreal taxa. The current expansion occurs only in populations from mainland Europe, whereas southernmost populations are in decline. Current genetic diversity is shaped by recent forest management, which is the least intensive in Eastern Europe. Climate change will most likely enhance northward dispersal and threaten the survival of the southernmost populations.
... However, in recent years, large-scale spreading of the species was observed in Western and Southern Europe. The species markedly expanded its range in Germany (Reibnitz 2008;Esser and Mainda 2015;Hörren and Tolkiehn 2016) and Austria (Eckelt et al. 2014), entered the Netherlands (Teunissen and Vendrig 2012;Noordijk et al. 2013) and Belgium (Crevecoeur et al. 2017) and reached Northern France (Fuchs et al. 2014). C. cinnaberinus was found to 1 3 inhabit anthropogenic habitats, such as abandoned poplar plantations and non-native black locust Robinia pseudoacacia stands (Vrezec et al. 2017). ...
... Cucujus cinnaberinus is considered an umbrella species, and its protection serves to protect a wide community of co-occurring saproxylic organisms (Mazzei et al. 2011;Horák et al. 2012). Currently, the occurrence of C. cinnaberinus has been confirmed in most European countries (Horák and Chobot 2009;Nieto et al. 2010;Horák et al. 2010), including newly discovered populations in Southern Europe (Kovács et al. 2012;Fuchs et al. 2014;Šag et al. 2016;Vrezec et al. 2017). The species inhabits various types of deciduous and mixed forest, both in the mountains and lowlands. ...
Deforestation for agricultural purposes and logging over centuries has resulted in a significant loss of forest cover and the deep structural and functional simplification of persistent European woodlands, which has led to a large-scale decline in biodiversity. Despite recent reforestation efforts in many regions of Europe, populations of numerous forest species remain unrecovered. Due to the loss of ecological continuity and the simplification of the ecosystem structure and functionality, the value of secondary forests in sustaining habitat specialists is being questioned. Here, we build a large-scale habitat suitability model to predict the current potential of forests to host populations of the flagship European saproxylic beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus. Our maximum entropy model revealed that the distribution of suitable habitats strongly corresponds to the occurrence of large and well-preserved forest complexes that are characterized by an ecological continuity of the stands. Among the analysed environmental variables, the mean tree diameter and distance to protected areas were the most important suitable habitat contributors. The optimum habitats were identified almost exclusively within some parts of the Carpathians and the northeastern part of the country, particularly in the Białowieża Forest, which include the best preserved European forests. Although a large number of small habitat patches was revealed across the country, these patches were highly scattered and had low predicted suitability. This study demonstrates that most woodlands are unsuitable for C. cinnaberinus, which points to the limited value of secondary forests for habitat specialists. Our findings emphasize the importance of large and intact forests with undisrupted ecological continuity as key areas for the persistence of the rare saproxylic beetle, which provokes questions about the effectiveness of reforestation as a tool for the conservation of forest habitat specialists.
... Daarna vergrootte de soort ook sterk zijn range en ze koloniseerde grote delen van Duitsland en Nederland, breidde uit in Oostenrijk en werd ook in Frankrijk op verschillende plaatsen in de Elzas gevonden (o.a. Colijn & Noordijk 2012, Eckelt et al. 2014, Fuchs et al. 2014, Noordijk et al. 2017 Mogelijke oorzaken van deze sterke uitbreiding op relatief korte termijn zijn moeilijk te achterhalen. Het is vrij duidelijk dat grootschalige toename van het habitat er in belangrijke mate mee gelinkt is. ...
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This article gives an overview of the current knowledge of Cucujus cinnaberinus in Flanders. This includes the life cycle of the species and its
habitat. We describe the strong recent range expansion in northwestern
Europe and try to explain this by large scale habitat restoration actions.
Finally we describe the current distribution in Flanders and give guidelines for its conservation.
Records of Cucujus cinnaberinus in five areas: "Łęgi koło Słubic" nature reserve, Trzebnica Ridge, Widawa and Odra valleys near Wrocław, Chełm area, and "Rozumice" nature reserve are reported. Additional record in "Odertal Frankfurt-Lebus mit Pontischen Hängen" nature reserve in Germany, on the left bank of Odra, is reported. In the case of all the areas, old maps were used to analyse the history of forest during the last 200 years. In most cases, C. cinnaberinus occurs in forests that show ecological continuity during this period of time. The only exception is the vicinity of Słubice, where forests were either absent or only young, presumably floodplain forests, were present in the areas where C. cinnaberinus occurs nowadays. It is concluded, that although C. cinnaberinus can inhabit secondary forests and poplar plantations, it still shows strong affinity to ancient forests.
Data on the occurrence of rare saproxylic beetle, Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763), in the Chernivtsi region of Ukraine are presented. Cucujus cinnaberinus was found in two districts: Hertsa (near Mogylivka) and Khotyn (near Rukhotyn and near Khotyn).
Cucujus Fabricius is widely distributed throughout the Holarctic region. In this study, the taxonomy of Asian Cucujus is investigated and diagnostic characters are discussed. Six species-groups are recognized based on external features, terminalia and genitalia of both sexes. Six new species are described: C. chuensis sp. nov. (China), C. euphoria sp. nov. (China), C. evangelium sp. nov. (China), C. kachin sp. nov. (Myanmar), C. shennong sp. nov. (China) and C. tibetensis sp. nov. (China and Nepal). Several described species are redescribed, including C. bicolor Smith, C. cinnaberinus (Scopoli), C. clavipes clavipes (Fabricius), C. clavipes puniceus Mannerheim, C. coccinatus Lewis, C. grouvellei Reitter, C. haematodes haematodes Erichson, C. haematodes opacus Lewis, C. janatai Háva, Zahradník & Růžika, C. kempi Grouvelle, C. mniszechi Grouvelle and C. nigripennis Lee & Satô. A neotype for C. kempi is designated. A key to the Asian Cucujus species is provided. Several new faunistic records are reported.
Two native species of the genus Cucujus show a wide geographic distribution in Europe, Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) and C. haematodes Erichson, 1845. Although data on the distribution and ecology of these rare and endangered species are increasing, there are few reports on their biology and behaviour, and some aspects of their feeding ecology remain problematic. Our aim was to study, for the first time, the cuticular chemical profiles of these two beetles to (i) investigate the presence of chemicals potentially involved in defence by pathogens and (ii) lay the foundation for understanding the role of their bright red colour. The analysis of the cuticular profile was performed in-vivo by solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the cuticular profiles of the two species we identified 24 compounds belonging to different classes of molecules, i.e. hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters, n-alkyl morpholines, and a high number of organic acids. Qualitative differences in terms of both signal intensity and detected compounds were found between the two species. As reported in other insects, the remarkable array of avoidance substances suggests a strict relationship with the bright red colour of the adults, which probably acts as an aposematic or warning signal. European Cucujus species are probably well protected against enemies because some identified chemicals, particularly fatty acids, are related to an anti-predatory strategy to fight off predators that use their sense of smell to locate their prey. Other substances found on the cuticular layer of these beetles are probably involved in an antimicrobial and antifungal function, as demonstrated in other insects living in habitats that host many pathogens.
