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Chiromyza raccai sp. nov. (1) habitus in lateral view (Holotype male), (2) head and thorax in dorsal view (Holotype male, scale = 1 mm), (3) epandrium and cerci in dorsal view, (4) terminalia in dorsal view, (5) phallus, parameral sheath and ejaculatory apodeme in dorsal view, (6) phallus of C. ochracea in dorsal view, black arrow indicating flat surface; (7) phallus of C. vittata, black arrow indicating rugose surface; (8) phallus of C. raccai sp. nov. black arrow indicating apical setae. Abbreviations: Male genitalia: cerc = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; epand = epandrium; goncx = gonocoxite; goncx apod = gonocoxal apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; ph = phallus; pm sh = parameral sheath.
Source publication
Seven species of the genus Chiromyza Wiedemann are recorded in Brazil: C. brevicornis (Lindner, 1949), C. enderleini (Lindner, 1949), C. leptiformis (Macquart, 1838), C. ochracea Wiedemann, 1820, C. stylicornis (Enderlein, 1921), C. viridis Bezzi, 1922 and C. vittata Wiedemann, 1820. Herein I describe a new species, Chiromyza raccai sp. nov., based...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... thoracic central dark brown stripes (Fig. 2); femurs and tibiae are more strongly clavate (club-like) than in other species (Fig. 1). However, the most notable difference between the three species is in the morphology of the phallus. Chiromyza raccai sp. nov. has the distal region of the phallus rounded with a pair of conspicuous apical setae (Fig. 8), C. ochracea has the distal surface of phallus plan, wide and flat (Fig. 6) and, C. vittata has the distal surface of phallus rounded with outer margin rugose (Fig. 7). On the other hand, the females of C. raccai sp. nov. are much darker than the other species and, they have a conspicuous dark-brown color pattern of thoracic stripes ...
Citations
... This means that we do not know if they are really conspecific with other Stratiomys, and if not, to which genus they might belong. Because the genus is not well understood in the Neotropical Region and that very likely all the species currently placed in the genus are not Stratiomys, as discussed by earlier authors (James 1973a), we prefer to follow Pujol-Luz &Papavero (1998) andPujol-Luz &Pujol-Luz (2014) and keep at least this species (and likely S. constricta Walker, 1860) apart from Stratiomys, in the genus Stratiomicrodon. Further studies will reveal if the remaining Neotropical species of Stratiomys are Stratiomicrodon as well or should be placed in any other Neotropical genera. ...
... This means that we do not know if they are really conspecific with other Stratiomys, and if not, to which genus they might belong. Because the genus is not well understood in the Neotropical Region and that very likely all the species currently placed in the genus are not Stratiomys, as discussed by earlier authors (James 1973a), we prefer to follow Pujol-Luz &Papavero (1998) andPujol-Luz &Pujol-Luz (2014) and keep at least this species (and likely S. constricta Walker, 1860) apart from Stratiomys, in the genus Stratiomicrodon. Further studies will reveal if the remaining Neotropical species of Stratiomys are Stratiomicrodon as well or should be placed in any other Neotropical genera. ...
The Stratiomyidae (Diptera) of Paraguay is cataloged and illustrated, and information is given on distributions, name-bearing types, synonyms, and pertinent literature. Previously to this study, the fauna of soldier flies in the country comprised 18 genera and 29 species, which has been raised up to 35 genera and 63 species, of which only nine are
assigned to morphospecies level. The list of species is based on the examination of the original descriptions of all nominal species, all other references known to us containing taxonomic and distributional information, and new material examined from various collections. Images of 45 species are herein provided, which include type specimen images of seven valid species, of which three are exclusively found in the country. One subfamily is newly reported from Paraguay: Chrysochlorininae. Fourteen genera are newly reported from Paraguay: Acanthinomyia Hunter, 1900; Archistratiomys Enderlein, 1913; Auloceromyia Lindner, 1969; Chrysochlorina James, 1939; Gowdeyana Curran, 1928; Hoplitimyia James, 1934; Leucoptilum James, 1943; Neoberis Lindner, 1949; Myxosargus Brauer, 1882; Nothomyia Loew, 1869; Panacris Gerstaecker, 1857; Promeranisa Walker, 1854; Psellidotus Rondani, 1863; and Raphiocera Macquart, 1834. Twenty-two species are newly reported from Paraguay: Acanthinomyia elongata (Wiedemann, 1824); Archistratiomys rufipalpis (Wiedemann, 1830); Auloceromyia pedunculata Pimentel & Pujol-Luz, 2000; Chordonota inermis (Wiedemann, 1830);
Chrysochlorina albipes James, 1939; Chrysochlorina incompleta (Curran, 1929); Gowdeyana vitrisetosus (Lindner, 1935); Hermetia flavipes Wiedemann, 1830; Hermetia pulchra Wiedemann, 1830; Hermetia teevani Curran, 1934; Leucoptilum plaumanni James, 1943; Merosargus cingulatus Schiner, 1868; Merosargus coxalis Lindner, 1949; Merosargus golbachi James in James & McFadden, 1971; Merosargus nebulifer James in James & McFadden, 1971; Merosargus obscurus (Wiedemann, 1830); Merosargus stigmaticus (Lindner, 1949); Neoberis brasiliana Lindner, 1949; Panacris nigribasis
Lindner, 1949; Promeranisa nasuta (Macquart, 1850); Raphiocera armata (Wiedemann, 1830); and Sargus thoracicus Macquart, 1834. Four species are removed from the Paraguayan fauna: Cyphomyia albitarsis (Fabricius, 1805), Euryneura pygmaea (Bellardi, 1862), and Nemotelus niger Bigot, 1879 have no specimens known from Paraguay, so the inclusion of Paraguay in their distribution is a typing error; and Nemotelus eburneopictus James (1974) has its type locality corrected to Argentina. The examination of the material allows the proposition of three specific synonyms: Cyphomyia imitans Curran, 1925 syn. nov. of C. gracilicornis Gerstaecker, 1857, Panacris breviseta Lindner, 1964 syn. nov. of P. nigribasis Lindner, 1949, and Dicranophora brevifurca James, 1943 syn. nov. of Dicamptocrana jorgenseni Frey, 1934 (this species
is newly recorded to Brazil, state of São Paulo), after removing D. brevifurca out of synonymy with Dicranophora bispinosa (Wiedemann, 1830). Additionally, a female lectotype is designated for Rhingiopsis enderleini Lindner, 1928.
This paper provided a list of all new Brazilian Hexapoda species described in 2020. Furthermore, based on the information extracted by this list, we tackled additional questions regarding the taxa, the specialists involved in the species descriptions as well as the journals in which those papers have been published. We recorded a total of 680 new Brazilian species of Hexapoda described in 2020, classified in 245 genera, 112 families and 18 orders. These 680 species were published in a total of 219 articles comprising 423 different authors residing in 27 countries. Only 30% of these authors are women, which demonstrates an inequality regarding sexes. In relation to the number of authors by species, the majority of the new species had two authors and the maximum of authors by species was five. We also found inequalities in the production of described species regarding the regions of Brazil, with Southeast and South leading. The top 10 institutions regarding productions of new species have four in the Southeast, two at South and with one ate North Region being the outlier of this pattern. Out of the total 219 published articles, Zootaxa dominated with 322 described species in 95 articles. The average impact factor was of 1.4 with only seven articles being published in Impact Factors above 3, indicating a hardship on publishing taxonomic articles in high-impact journals. The highlight of this paper is that it is unprecedent, as no annual record of Hexapoda species described was ever made in previous years to Brazil.
