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Figure 1. A group of Olivierus martensii (Karsch, 1879), the most common scorpion in China, in vivo habitus. Figure 2. Three representative specimens of O. martensii. Adult male (2a), adult female (2b), pallid immature (2c).
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The scientific (Latin) names of scorpion species are widely used across the world by both experts and amateurs. However, in China, there is a great need for designating standardized Chinese names for various scorpions since it is difficult for those not familiar with Latin alphabet to memorize the scientific names. Currently used Chinese names ofte...
Citations
... likely referred to this species as well.Chinese equivalent. 长螯奥氏蝎(Tang, 2022a). Other Chinese names applied to this taxon include: (1) Mesobuthus longichelus: 长螯中杀牛蝎 (Tang; UTN), 细螯正钳蝎(Sun, 2010; ET-G&S), 长螯正钳蝎 (Di et al., 2015; ET-G); (2) Olivierus bolensis:博乐奥氏蝎(Tang, 2022a); (3) Mesobuthus bolensis:博乐中杀牛蝎 (Tang; UTN), 博乐 正钳蝎 (Di et al., 2015; ET-G); (4) Olivierus karshius: 喀什奥氏蝎 (Tang, 2022a); (5) Mesobuthus caucasicus karshius (or kaxgaricus): 喀高正钳蝎 (Sun, 2010; ET-G); (6) Mesobuthus karshius: 喀什中杀牛蝎 (Tang; UTN), 喀 什正钳蝎 (Di et al., 2015; ET-G); (7) Olivierus tarabaevi: 塔氏奥氏蝎 (Tang, 2022a); (8) Buthus caucasicus intermedius [part, when applied to Balkhash and Xinjiang populations]: 高加索钳蝎间型亚种 (Li et al., 2016; ET-G); (9) Mesobuthus caucasicus intermedius [part]:媒介高加索 钳蝎 (Yang, 2008; ET-G&SS),媒高正钳蝎 (Zhang, 2009; ET-G&SS), 高加索正钳蝎间型亚种 (Di et al., 2015; ET-G); (10) Olivierus caucasicus intermedius [part]: 媒介橄蝎 (Zhu et al., 2004; ET-G&SS, TM-S). ...
... Chinese equivalent. 普氏奥氏蝎(Tang, 2022a). Other Chinese names applied to this taxon include: (1) Mesobuthus przewalskii: 普氏中杀牛蝎(Tang; UTN); (2) Buthus caucasicus przewalskii:高加索钳蝎普氏亚种 (Li et al., 2016; ET-G); (3) Mesobuthus caucasicus przewalskii: 普氏 高加索钳蝎 (Yang, 2008; ET-G), 普高正钳蝎 (Zhang, 2009: ET-G), 高加索正钳蝎普氏亚种 (Di et al., 2015: ET-G); (4) Olivierus caucasicus przewalskii:普氏橄蝎 (Zhu et al., 2004; ET-G, TM-S); (5) Mesobuthus nanjiangensis; 南疆正钳蝎 (Zhang, 2009: ET-G). ...
The genus 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 Farzanpay, 1987 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, is revised based on recently collected topotypes and other populations from 12 localities. Brief differential diagnoses are provided, with colored illustrations and photos in vivo habitus, emphasizing the key characters. Chinese appellations, conservation status, and documentation of behavior and post-envenomation symptoms are also included. Only two species are now recognized for this genus in Xinjiang: 𝑂. 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Sun & Zhu, 2010) and 𝑂. 𝑝𝑟𝑧𝑒𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑖 (Birula, 1897), based on both morphological and molecular evidence. The two species exhibit extensive distribution in Xinjiang (China) while also occurring in adjacent countries. Three new synonyms are proposed: 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 Sun et al., 2010 = 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Sun & Zhu, 2010), 𝐬𝐲𝐧. 𝐧.; 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑢𝑠 Sun & Sun, 2011 = 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Sun & Zhu, 2010), 𝐬𝐲𝐧. 𝐧.; 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑒𝑣𝑖 Fet et al., 2021 = 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Sun & Zhu, 2010), 𝐬𝐲𝐧. 𝐧. Two species, 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 (Werner, 1936) and 𝑂. ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 (Birula, 1904), are likely synonymous with 𝑂. 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑖 (Karsch, 1879). Should future examination confirm this assumption, the total number of species in genus 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 would be reduced to 16.
... Dalam konteks nama saintifik, kajian yang telah dijalankan oleh Tang (2022) menunjukkan bahawa nama saintifik bagi serangga, khususnya bagi kumpulan kala jengking boleh terdiri daripada kategori toponym. Nama kala jengking yang terdiri daripada kategori ini telah dibentuk berdasarkan pada nama sesuatu tempat atau kawasan. ...
... Sebagai contoh, nama saintifik kumpulan kala jengking Karasbergia telah dibentuk berdasarkan nama sebuah tempat, iaitu Karasberg Hill yang terletak di Northern Cape, Afrika Selatan. Selain itu, terdapat juga nama saintifik kala jengking yang tergolong dalam kategori eponym (Tang, 2022). Nama saintifik dalam kategori ini telah dibentuk berdasarkan pada nama orang. ...
Abstrak: Maklumat tentang kategori penamaan ular penting dalam proses pembentukan dan penilaian nama biasa ular. Namun begitu, maklumat ini masih terhad terutamanya bagi nama biasa ular dalam bahasa Melayu. Oleh itu, kajian ini telah dijalankan dengan menfokuskan pada dua objektif, iaitu mengenal pasti dan membincangkan kategori penamaan ular dalam bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kualitatif. Data-data yang diteliti dalam kajian ini telah dikumpulkan daripada buku Land Snakes Of Medical Significance In Malaysia dan dianalisis berdasarkan pada pendekatan Sembilan Kategori Penamaan yang telah diperkenalkan oleh James Jobling. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa nama-nama biasa ular dalam bahasa Melayu dapat dikategorikan kepada lima kategori penamaan. Dapatan kajian ini dapat dijadikan panduan yang penting dalam proses pembentukan nama biasa ular yang baharu dan penilaian kualiti bagi nama biasa ular yang sedia ada. Abstract: Information on the naming categories of snakes is crucial in the process of forming and evaluating common snake names. However, this information is still limited, especially for common snake names in the Malay language. Therefore, this study was conducted with the focus on two objectives, namely identifying and discussing the naming categories of snakes in the Malay language. This study employed a qualitative research design. The data examined in this study were collected from the book 'Land Snakes of Medical Significance In Malaysia' and analyzed based on the Nine Naming Categories approach introduced by James Jobling. This study indicates that common snake names in the Malay language can be categorized into five naming categories. The findings of this study can serve as a crucial guide in the process of forming new common snake names and assessing the quality of existing common snake names.
... Lang (狼) is the Chinese equivalent for "wolf", and xie (蝎) is that for "scorpion". This name is coined for three reasons: (1) the erroneous formal Chinese name for Lychas needs to be replaced (Tang, 2022a); (2) Affinities. There are eight characters, which in combination differentiate Langxie, gen. ...
A new monotypic genus, 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑥𝑖𝑒 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐧., is described from Xizang (Tibet), China. The new genus shares an important morphological character with 𝐴𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠 Kovařík, 2019: absence of external accessory denticles (EADs) along the sixth row of median denticles (MDs) on the pedipalp movable finger. 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑥𝑖𝑒 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐧. is different from 𝐴𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠 in the following aspects: loss of EAD near the proximally enlarged MD within each row (i. e., loss of all EAD on the movable finger; this also distinguishes the new genus from other related genera in the “(𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠 + 𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑠)” clade (Štundlová et al., 2022)), subaculear tubercle armed with or without a secondary tubercle dorsally, immaculate color pattern, more slender appendages and metasoma, and less sexually dimorphic pectines. 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑥𝑖𝑒 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐧. further differs from another geographically close genus, 𝐻𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 Lourenço, 1997, by the presence of highly developed pectinal fulcra (vs. absent in 𝐻𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠), six rows of MDs on the pedipalp movable finger (vs. 7–8 in 𝐻𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠) and five pairs of lateral ocelli (vs. 3 in 𝐻𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠). The new species, 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑥𝑖𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑖 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧., is small and slender, exhibiting no obvious sexual dimorphism in pedipalp and metasoma, but the sexes are visibly different in the relative size of median ocelli and coarseness of carapacial granulation. Lattice microstructures are prominently developed on its cuticle.
... Chinese equivalent. 洛氏类蝎 (roughly as "Lowe's resemblant scorpion" in English; see Tang (2022a) for the rules of designation). ...
The Yunnan population of 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑘𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑖 (Kovařík, 2004) is reassessed based on recently collected specimens from this region. A misidentification of that species is revealed, which leads to a description of a new species, 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑖 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧.
... Chinese equivalent. 通氏类蝎 (roughly as "Tongtong's resemblant scorpion" in English; see Tang (2022a) for the rules of designation). ...
A new species of 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 Peters, 1861, 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧., is described from Yingjiang, Yunnan Province, China, based on a single adult female. The morphology of the new species is fairly distinguishable from other congeners in Yunnan even with unaided eye; it is characterized by the following combination of characters in female: a pair of moderately robust pedipalp chelae without proximal lobes, small median ocular tubercle, short superciliary carinae, less granulated tergites, proportionally elongate metasoma and relatively short and bulbous vesicle. The coloration of the new species also differs from other congeners in Yunnan by being brownish in tergites and telson vesicle. The number of known species of 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 from China is raised to 29 (22 endemic) and that of Yunnan is raised to 10 (9 endemic). The previously described congeners from Yunnan are also revisited, by complementing some missing data of several species, and providing new comparative data for the following species based on recently collected topotypes: 𝑆. 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 (Di et al., 2010), 𝑆. 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 (Qi et al., 2005), 𝑆. 𝑣𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑖 (Qi et al., 2005), 𝑆. 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑠 (Di et al., 2010), and 𝑆. 𝑧ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑦𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑖 (Ythier, 2019), as well as the Yunnan population of 𝑆. 𝑘𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑖 (Kovařík, 2004). Finally, 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑠 (Di et al., 2010) 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭. 𝐫𝐞𝐯. is restored from its synonymy with 𝑆. 𝑣𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑖 (Qi et al., 2005).
... Being one of the 17 megadiverse countries, lying within two of the world's major biogeographic realms (the Palearctic and the Oriental), China exhibits a high level of biodiversity. The earliest records of scorpions in China trace back to 2000 years ago in the first dictionary in China, Er Ya (尔雅) or Literary Expositor (Tang, 2022a). The modern systematic study of scorpions in China began around 2004, although already Xianwen Wu (伍献文) was the first to describe scorpions in a scientific way (Wu, 1936) and later, Daxiang Song (宋大祥) et al. (1982) provided a detailed description of a wideranging species, Olivierus martensii (Karsch, 1879) (Buthidae). ...
An updated checklist of scorpions of China (52 species belonging to 13 genera and six families) is provided, with Chinese name equivalents and an illustrated map of all localities. Colored photos of the Chinese population of 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 (C. L. Koch, 1839) and one 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 sp. in vivo habitus are provided for the first time. The recent taxonomic changes are summarized. The monotypic genus 𝑇𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑢𝑠 (Hormuridae) with its single species 𝑇. ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 is considered a 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑢𝑚. The validity of the previously synonymized 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 Qi et al., 2005 and 𝑆. 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑠 (Di et al., 2010) (Scorpiopidae) is questioned, although they are not formally restored from synonymy. 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 (Birula, 1904) (Buthidae) is possibly a junior synonym of 𝑂. 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑖 (Karsch, 1879); a reanalysis of the syntypes is warranted. The name “𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑗𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 Li, 2016” is a 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢𝑚. Additional comments are made upon two unavailable names that appear in an unpublished MS thesis (Zhang, 2009; in Chinese): “𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑗𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠” and “𝑀. 𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠”. A revision is needed of several species with weakly supported diagnostic characters, such as 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 (Sun et al., 2010) and 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 (Di et al., 2010). The applicability of the diagnostic characters proposed for 𝑂𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 (Sun et al., 2010) and 𝑂. 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑠 (Sun & Zhu, 2010) is found to be unstable, based on the examination of some new specimens from Xinjiang. Their relationship with another two recently described species (𝑂. 𝑚𝑖𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑣𝑖 Fet et al., 2021 and 𝑂. 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑒𝑣𝑖 Fet et al., 2021), as well as the misidentified “𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠” in China, remains unclear until a molecular study is accomplished.
... Qian (钳) refers to the pincer, i.e., the pedipalp, and xie (蝎) is the Chinese equivalent for "scorpion". This name is coined for two reasons: (1) the family Pseudochactidae is defined by the Type D trichobothrial pattern on the pedipalp femur, and (2) the genus Buthus Leach, 1815 has long been unreasonably assigned with a Chinese common name ( 钳蝎) that initially was applied exclusively to Olivierus martensii (Karsch, 1879) (see Tang, 2022) Comparative material. Pseudochactas ovchinnikovi Gromov, 1998 (Figs. ...
... 3-4 Chinese equivalent. 索氏钳蝎 (roughly as "Soleglad's pincer scorpion" in English; see Tang (2022) for the rules of designation). ...
A new monotypic genus belonging to the basal scorpion family Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, 𝑄𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑖𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑖 𝐠𝐞𝐧. 𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐩. 𝐧., is described from Yunnan Province of China. The family is recorded from China for the first time, vastly extending its known geographic range. The new genus shares morphological characters with both 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠 Gromov, 1998 and 𝑇𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠 Lourenço, 2007. It differs from 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠 and is similar to 𝑇𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠 in the shapes of anterior and posterolateral carapace margins, form of the circumocular sutures, distance between median ocelli, development of dorsoventral projection of patella, length of tarsal spinules, recurvature of the lateral margins and concavity of the surface of the sternum. It is similar to 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠 in the degree of carapace granulation, pedipalp manus carination, secondary accessory and retroventral carinae of the chela manus, numbers of lamellae and teeth on the pectines, development of the median lateral carinae of metasomal segments III–IV and ventromedian carina of metasomal segment V. The new genus is hypothesized to be more closely related to 𝑇𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠 than to 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠 and is placed in the subfamily Troglokhammouaninae.
