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Figure1. Leaf rust of aonla: a = symptoms of papery rusty pustules on leaflets of aonla ; b = telia and teliospores (inset) of Phakopsora phyllanthi initially (100 x) ; c = telial heads of P. phyllanthi at later stages (100 x) ; d = ruptured telial head exhibiting laterally adharent (inset) teliospores (100 x)
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... However, Aonla plants-both leaves and fruit, suffer from serious diseases such as rust and soft rot, leading to significant losses in yield. Rust is a severe disease caused by the fungus Phakopsora phyllanthi on leaves and by the teliospore Ravenelia emblicae on the fruit [1]. It initially appears as small brownish rusty pustules on the fruit and grows into large rings later. ...
... For the LR, DT and RF algorithms, the parameter random state has been given the value 1 to produce the same results across different calls, and the rest of the parameters have taken the default values. For the kNN algorithm, the best value for parameter k has been chosen in the range [1,16] using GridSearch optimization. For all the other parameters, the default values have been taken. ...
Rust fungi show unique systematic characteristics among all fungal groups. A single species of rust fungi may produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures thereby attracting the interest of mycologist for centuries. In India, the research on rust fungi started with the arrival of foreign visiting scientists or emigrant experts, mainly from Britain who collected fungi and sent specimens to European laboratories for identification. Later on, a number of mycologists from India and abroad studied Indian rust fungi and contributed a lot to knowledge of the rusts to the Indian Mycobiota. The establishment of Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) at Pusa (Bihar) in 1905 was the key achievement of pre-independent India which laid the foundation for many useful research on Indian rust fungi and in producing many renowned mycologists. This study presents the history of the study of rust fungi in India with complete information from various journals, books, websites and institutions involved. Detailed information of decadal publication records of rust fungi in India published in various journals have been included. Apart from the addition of a complete list of literature on Indian rust fungi, the future scope of research on rust fungi in India along with problems and challenges are also discussed. In a nutshell, this compendium will be quite useful for mycologists, especially beginners to find all available information on Indian rust fungi in one document.
