Figure - available from: International Journal of Nanomedicine
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
In vitro release profiles of DOX-loaded Z1/CMCS1 NPs (A), Z2/CMCS1-TA/Cu1²⁺ NPs (B), Z2/CMCS1-TA/Cu2²⁺ NPs (C), Z2/CMCS1-TA/Cu3²⁺ NPs (D), Z1/CMCS1-TA/Cu1²⁺ NPs (E), Z1/CMCS1-TA/Cu2²⁺ NPs (F) and Z1/CMCS1-TA/Cu3²⁺ NPs (G) in 0.01 M buffer under different pH conditions. Notes: The Z2/CMCS1-TA/metal NPs were prepared at a zein:CMCS ratio of 2:1 w/w with the final metal ion concentration of 0.24 mM (Cu1²⁺ or Ca²⁺), 0.48 mM (Cu2²⁺) and 0.72 mM (Cu3²⁺). The Z1/CMCS1-TA/metal NPs were prepared at a zein:CMCS ratio of 1:1 w/w with the final metal ion concentration of 0.24 mM (Cu1²⁺ or Ca²⁺), 0.48 mM (Cu2²⁺) and 0.72 mM (Cu3²⁺). Abbreviations: CMCS, carboxymethyl chitosan; DOX, doxorubicin hydrochloride; NPs, nanoparticles; TA, tannic acid; Z1, zein1; Z2, zein2.
Source publication
In this study, a novel coordination bonding system based on metal–tannic acid (TA) architecture on zein/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated for the pH-responsive drug delivery. CMCS has been reported to coat on zein NPs as delivery vehicles for drugs or nutrients in previous studies. The cleavage of either the “metal–...
Citations
... This result could be attributed to the difference in concentration of AVM and the binding/attachment energy between AVM and pesticide carrier [1,4]. Under the conditions of pH 4 and pH 7, the rapid release of AVM from the carrier was attributed to the disintegration of Fe 3+ -TA structure caused by sufficient H + in the solution [55], which weakened the interaction between AVM and the carrier. On the other hand, AVM was released from the carrier through an ion exchange process in the montmorillonite complex. ...
... Then, the mixture was transferred into a dialysis bag (molecular weight cutoff ¼ 500) on a shaking table at 37 C for one hour. At each time interval (0, 20, 40, and 60 minutes), the release medium was withdrawn from the centrifugal tubes and replaced with a freshly released medium to maintain the sink condition (Liang et al., 2017). The cumulative amount of CHX released was determined by HPLC. ...
Dental caries is a biofilm-related preventable infectious disease caused by interactions between the oral bacteria and the host’s dietary sugars. As the microenvironments in cariogenic biofilms are often acidic, pH-sensitive drug delivery systems have become innovative materials for dental caries prevention in recent years. In the present study, poly(DMAEMA-co-HEMA) was used as a pH-sensitive carrier to synthesize a chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded nanomaterial (p(DH)@CHX). In vitro, p(DH)@CHX exhibited good pH sensitivity and a sustained and high CHX release rate in the acidic environment. It also exhibited lower cytotoxicity against human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) compared to free CHX. Besides, compared with free CHX, p(DH)@CHX showed the same antibacterial effects on S. mutans biofilms. In addition, it had no effect on eradicating healthy saliva-derived biofilm, while free CHX exhibited an inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the 16s rDNA sequencing results showed that p(DH)@CHX had the potential to alter oral microbiota composition and possibly reduce caries risk. In conclusion, the present study presents an alternative option to design an intelligent material to prevent and treat dental caries.
... Therefore, the presence of TA in NPs most likely responsible for the highest efficiency of hybrid PCL/TA NPs. Especially at the initial stage, this could be related to the release profiles since the DOX was delivered faster from PCL/TA NPs in comparison to other formulations thus more DOX enter into the cells [70]. In addition, it was shown that the modification of the NPs surface with TA complexes can increase their uptake by cancer cells [15]. ...
This study was aimed towards the development of a novel microfluidic approach for the preparation of (co)polymeric and hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) composed of (co)polymers/tannic acid (TA) in the microfluidic flow-focusing glass-capillary device. The MiliQ water was used as water phase, whereas the organic phase was composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) homopolymers and (co)polymers with different proportion of comonomers which were prepared via enzymatic polymerization that allows avoiding the usage of potentially toxic catalyst. To prepare hybrid NPs, TA was additionally added to the organic phase. Subsequently, as a result of mixing between these distinct phases in microfluidic channels, the nanoprecipitation in the form of spherical NPs occurs. The size of NPs was tuned over the range of 140 to 230 nm by controlling phase flow rates and the composition of NPs. Moreover, the release studies of the encapsulated anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) demonstrated that the drug release is greatly influenced by the (co)polymers composition, their molecular weight, NPs size, and the presence of TA. The antitumor activities of the (co)polymeric and hybrid NPs toward breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were tested in vitro. Among all tested formulation, the NPs composed of PCL/TA most efficiently inhibit the cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells, most importantly, their efficiency was higher than free DOX. The proposed strategy may provide an efficient alternative for the construction of nanocarriers with great potential in anticancer therapy.
... CFM and flow cytometry have been associated to investigate the mechanism of dendrimers uptake, 50 as well as the internalization efficacy of zein/carboxymethyl chitosan NPs as delivery vehicles for drugs or nutrients. 51 The same approach was used to test PEGylated NPs 52 and cyclodextrin-based NPs 6 for enhanced tumour cell internalization and cytotoxicity, or gold nanoclusters for fluorescence imaging and enhanced drug transport, 53 or poly(lactide-co-glycolide) NPs for protein delivery to macrophages. 54 Combination of CFM and flow cytometry also allowed understanding the effect of functionalization on the uptake of dense-silica NPs by gastric cancer cells, 8 or the influence of anaesthetics on the internalization efficacy of dendrimers by microglial cells. ...
About twenty years ago, nanotechnology began to be applied to biomedical issues giving rise to the research field called nanomedicine. Thus, the study of the interactions between nanomaterials and the biological environment became of primary importance in order to design safe and effective nanoconstructs suitable for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Consequently, imaging techniques have increasingly been used in the production, characterisation and preclinical/clinical application of nanomedical tools. This work aims at making an overview of the microscopy and imaging techniques in vivo and in vitro in their application to nanomedical investigation, and to stress their contribution to this developing research field.
... Though they are rigid compared to LbLbased films [36], MPNs have a flexible structure and can grow as flat films as well as complex 2D or 3D structures based on the template morphology [150]. The surface adhesive property of polyphenols makes this technique applicable to diverse template materials [36,[151][152][153]. Similar to LbL, the properties of MPNs can be tuned based on the selection of the building blocks, as well as by varying the surface functionalization of these components. ...
... Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that the presence of protein corona on the surface can improve the specificity of these targeted capsules [151]. In another study, stimuli-responsive delivery of DOX to HepG2 cancer cells was successfully achieved using metal-TA architecture on zein/carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles [152]. Depending on the metal species used in MPN formation, the cleavage of metal-TA and metal-NH 2 coordination bonds can be controlled to release the encapsulated drugs at desirable pH conditions. ...
Self-assembly is a prominent phenomenon observed in nature. Inspired by this thermodynamically favorable approach, several natural and synthetic materials have been investigated to develop functional systems for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery. Furthermore, layered self-assembled systems provide added advantages of tunability and multifunctionality which are crucial for controlled and targeted drug release. Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition has emerged as one of the most popular, well-established techniques for tailoring such layered self-assemblies. This review aims to provide a brief overview of drug delivery applications using LbL deposition, along with a discussion of associated scalability challenges, technological innovations to overcome them, and prospects for commercial translation of this versatile technique. Additionally, alternative self-assembly techniques such as metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) and Liesegang rings are also reviewed in the context of their recent utilization for controlled drug delivery. Blending the sophistication of these self-assembly phenomena with material science and technological advances can provide a powerful tool to develop smart drug carriers in a scalable manner.
... The anticancer drug was loaded onto the hydrogel as a preassembled Cu(II) ion bridged complex of doxorubicin (1,2 molar ratio) as template and 4-VPy as functional monomer [120]. Although by a slightly diferent approach, Liang et al. reported the encapsulation in self-assembled biodegradable zein/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles of the same anticancer drug by electrostatic interactions [121]. The nanoparticles were additionally coated by a thin layer of metal-tannic acid layer, where the metal ions (Cu(II), Ca(II)) act as stimuli-responsive crosslinking agents, controlling the release of the guest molecule. ...
... Bio-inspired metal coordination has demonstrated a growth in applications in the field of drug delivery [1][2][3]. Recent reports have highlighted the release of the drug cargoes through the dissociation of bespoke metal-ligand bonds [4][5][6] or metal-biomolecule bonds [7]. An alternative approach to these methodologies is the direct coordination of the bioactive to the metal center, which results in metal-liganded bioactive complexes. ...
Direct metal-liganded bioactive coordination complexes are known to be sensitive to stimuli such as pH, light, ion activation, or redox cues. This results in the controlled release of the bioactive(s). Compared to other drug delivery strategies based on metal complexation, this type of coordination negates a multi-step drug loading methodology and offers customized physiochemical properties through judicious choice of modulating ancillary ligands. Bioactive release depends on simple dissociative kinetics. Nonetheless, there are challenges encountered when translating the pure coordination chemistry into the biological and physiological landscape. The stability of the metal-bioactive complex in the biological milieu may be compromised, disrupting the stimuli-responsive release mechanism, with premature release of the bioactive. Research has therefore progressed to the incorporation of metal-liganded bioactives with established drug delivery strategies to overcome these limitations. This review will highlight and critically assess current research interventions in order to predict the direction that pharmaceutical scientists could pursue to arrive at tailored and effective metal-liganded bioactive carriers for stimuli-responsive drug release.
Tumor metastasis and recurrence are recognized to be the main causes of failure in cancer treatment. To address these issues, an "all in one" and "one for all" nanoplatform was established for combined "chemo-immuno-photothermal" therapy with the expectation to improve the antitumor efficacy. Herein, Docetaxel (DTX, a chemo-agent) and cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide (CSP, an immunomodulator) were loaded into zein nanoparticles coated by a green tea polyphenols/iron coordination complex (GTP/FeIII, a photothermal agent). From the result, the obtained nanoplatform denoted as DTX-loaded Zein/CSP-GTP/FeIII NPs was spherical in morphology with an average particle size of 274 nm, and achieved pH-responsive drug release. Moreover, the nanoplatform exhibited excellent photothermal effect both in vitro and in vivo. It was also observed that the nanoparticles could be effectively up take by tumor cells and inhibited their migration. From the results of the in vivo experiment, this nanoplatform could completely eliminate the primary tumors, prevent tumor relapses on LLC (Lewis lung cancer) tumor models, and significantly inhibit metastasis on 4T1 (murine breast cancer) tumor models. The underlying mechanism was also explored. It was discovered that this nanoplatform could induce a strong ICD effect and promote the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including CRT, ATP, and HMGB1 by the dying tumor cells. And the CSP could assist the DAMPs in inducing the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitate the intratumoral infiltration of T lymphocytes to clear up the residual or disseminated tumor cells. In summary, this study demonstrated that the DTX-loaded Zein/CSP-GTP/FeIII is a promising nanoplatform to completely inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence.
