Figure 9 - uploaded by Wael W. Al-Azhari
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Pervious concrete is a new concrete with high porosity which usually used for flat work applications in order to
allow water to pass through it, and by that it reduces the volume of direct water runoff from a site and increases of storm water and water pollution. Due to the high flow rate of water through Pervious concrete
pavement, rainfall can be...
Citations
... Permeable pavements, pavements with high porosity that allow water to easily pass through ( Figure 9) (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2015), have been regarded to be extremely effective in controlling storm water (Watanabe, 1995;Wada and Miura, 1987;Collins et al., 2007). They would substitute the traditional impervious asphalt pavements currently used in roads, sidewalks and parking lots of Downtown Amman ( Figure 7a and Figure 10), thus, complementing the rain gardens previously mentioned; forming a neighborhood-scale system of capturing, absorbing and filtering runoff (Denchak, 2019). ...
Downtown Amman, site of the first settlements in Amman; the capital city of Jordan, is being described as a "chaotic concrete jungle" due to the continuous, rapid and disorganized urban expansion that took place in its valleys and across the seven mountains surrounding it. The abundance of impervious surfaces, old and inadequate infrastructure, inappropriate household drainage connections, topography, and low-altitude of Downtown Amman have left the area suffering from year-on-year floods causing extensive social and economic losses. This paper, thus, critically analyses this issue by firstly introducing the historical relationship of Downtown Amman with water; thus, providing a holistic view of the situation. Then, from the perspective of sustainable drainage systems, it proposes three complementary strategies, ranging from the scale of the watershed to the scale of a single dwelling, that address the issues facing Downtown Amman, both as a flood-prone and water-poor area.
... Returning water to underground aquifers [29,30]: This approach is possible when the natural soil is permeable, and the water does not transport pollutants (e.g., particulates and heavy metals from exhaust fumes, copper from brake pads, tire deposits, drips of oil, grease, antifreeze, hydraulic fluids, and cleaning agents) that could contaminate the hydraulic and marine environment [31]. ...
Changes in weather patterns directly impact urban transport infrastructures. The increase in temperature and the ongoing precipitation changes should be handled and managed more frequently. In urban areas, most of the soil is impermeable and water hardly infiltrates into the subsoil. Permeable pavement is a technology that helps mitigate the effects of urban heat islands and surface impermeabilization. Porous concrete for pedestrian pavements ensures good structural, functional, and environmental performances. A pervious concrete mix differs from a conventional one in terms of the gradation of aggregates, namely, a lack of fine aggregates. The material porosity (on average 20%) causes compressive and flexural strengths lower than those of traditional concrete. The material is suitable for low-load pavements where the passage of motorized vehicles is forbidden or occasional. The pavement can be laid either monolithically or modularly, using two operating systems: returning water to underground aquifers and reducing runoff. The latter is the most frequently adopted in urban areas, where pedestrian and interdicted to motorized vehicle areas form a continuous and distributed network. In a common urban quarter, where 80% of the surface is impermeable, porous concrete pavements could cover up to 6% of the surface and provide architectural and aesthetic value for the environment.
... The use of Pervious Concrete for Managing Storm Water Run-off in Urban Neighborhoods was carried out by Dania et al. (2015). The study examined the advantages of using pervious concrete to minimize flooding and improve water filtration in Jordan by replacing a selected parking lot area in the University of Jordan campus with Pervious concrete. ...
Flooding is the greatest water-related natural disaster known to man, its economic loss can be staggering. The number of people vulnerable to devastating flood is expected to rise due to large scale urbanization, deforestation, climate change and rising sea levels. Several researchers have reported some flood control measures however, new disaster-risk reduction approach is needed to build the necessary capacity to permanently address these challenges. Porous concrete pavement is found to be an effective measure to mitigate the impact of urbanization on the environment and to develop a more environmentally friendly infrastructure. Literature is very scarce on the properties and use of pervious concrete for managing flood run-off problems in Nigeria thus, the general aim of this study is to investigate the properties of pervious concrete and its constituent materials for managing storm water run-off in Nigeria
Aggregates (granite, gravel, limestone and recycled concrete) will be collected from 16 different sources available in Nigeria based on geographic and geological properties. Four most common brands of Nigerian cement (Dangote, Lafarge, PureChem and UniChem) will also be collected for tests. Coarse aggregate samples from each quarry sites will be subjected to series of laboratory experiments in accordance with ASTM and BS test methods including grading, water absorption, specific gravity, density, voids, flakiness and elongation Index, Aggregate Impact Value (AIV), Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) and Aggregate Abrasion Value (AAV). The samples will also be subjected to mineralogical analyses to identify their potential for ASR. Each brand of cement samples will be tested for fineness, standard consistency and setting times. The mix proportioning procedure for pervious concrete will be done according to ACI 522R (2010). The method is based on the volume of paste necessary to bind the aggregate particles together while maintaining the necessary void content. A total of 768 samples of 150mmx150mmx150mm concrete cubes will be used for test specimen production, with the same aggregate-cement ratio, water-cement ratio and aggregate size. Produced pervious concrete cubes will be cured and examined on compressive strength, density, porosity and permeability at ages 7, 14, 28 and 56days.
Results obtained will be subjected to statistical tests using SPSS to determine the correlations between the characteristics of aggregates and pervious concrete properties. Fussy logic will be used to establish the interrelationships between the aggregate investigation results and their effects on quality of pervious concrete properties at α0.05 in order to develop models that will be able to predict the quality of pervious concrete.
This study will supply information on various properties of pervious concrete, its constituent materials, reliability and effectiveness in managing storm water run-off in Nigeria.
Keywords: Flood management, pervious concrete, aggregates, cement.
... The results indicated that the pervious concrete infiltrated a large amount of the rainwater and eliminated flooding conditions in that area. This new area can collect about 392 m 3 of stormwater which was very helpful in infiltrating the water and restoring ground water [110]. ...
... For example, when Legret and Colandini [91] did experiments on asphalt pavement, they found that approximately 96.7% of the storm water volume infiltrated in the soil below the reservoir structure. While, in Sweden [110], when pervious asphalt road section with swales was used, the results found between 30 and 40% of rainfall ran off the site. ...
Green storm water infrastructure (GSI) or low impact development (LID) is an alternative land development
approach for managing storm water close to the source that has been recommended instead
of the traditional storm water design. The main purpose of LID is to reduce the impact of development
on water-related problems through the use of GSI practices such as bioretention, green roofs,
grass swales, and permeable pavements that infiltrate, evaporate, or harvest and use stormwater on
the site where it falls. In recent years, more research has been carried out on GSI practices and the use
of these practices has shown magnificent benefits in stormwater management. LID techniques have
been successfully used to manage stormwater runoff, improve water quality, and protect environmental
and hydrological aspects of the developed areas. Bioretention cells have been effectively used
in retaining large volumes of runoff and capturing pollutants on site. Pervious pavements have been
extremely effective and efficient at infiltrating stormwater on site and storing large quantities of rainwater.
Sand ditches are a new water harvesting technique that is being used to significantly reduce
runoff, soil loss and sediment loss and to increase infiltration. This paper highlights evidence in the
literature regarding the beneficial uses of LID practices and encourages adopting these practices for
environmental friendly construction and sustainable development in the world. In the end, some
of recommendations for the implementation of LID practices to achieve multiple benefits are given.
With growing urbanization and associated development of infrastructure, urban heat
islands (UHI) have emerged as major challenges, which need to be taken care of, in order to endure sustainable urban conglomerates. In this study, pervious concrete pavements (PCP) systems were designed and constructed to assess if they can serve as best UHI management practices through actual field implementation and testing. A systematic field experimental program was devised, wherein temperature profiles were measured across the depth of PCPs, under both dry and wet conditions. Thermocouples were embedded in PCP and Portland cement concrete pavements (PCCP) to record and compare the temperature profiles. The pavement surface temperature was recorded at 15-minute intervals under dry conditions, while the pavement temperature was examined after every three hours for wet conditions. Wet conditions were simulated by pouring water over the pavements and the temperatures across the pavement thickness were measured. The quantity of water required to decrease the pavement temperature by 1 °C across the depth of the pavements was quantified. Under dry conditions, it was found
that PCP system was warmer compared to PCCP, irrespective of the time in one day. The
volume of water required was about 38 ml to reduce the surface temperature of PCP by 1 °C. Further, in order to achieve similar reduction in temperature throughout the thickness of the pavement system, the volume of water required ranged from 2620 to 6350 ml. Owing to its impervious nature, no change in temperature was observed in PCCP system even with inundation of water, except at the surface that exhibited very minute reduction. The experimental findings showed that negative impacts of UHI can be countered by using PCP systems as a potential for harnessing evaporative cooling effects that is remarkably higher than conventional pavements.
Among the many strategies presently used for stormwater management, pervious concrete is of great interest since its high porosity increases groundwater regeneration. Despite its popularity, pervious concrete is not currently being used or studied in Lebanon. This study used local materials to determine an optimum mix design for pervious concrete for a sidewalk project in Jdeideh, Lebanon. Samples were prepared with various water to cement (w/c) and aggregate to cement ratios (A/C). A cement by-product (cement kiln dust) was also used in the mix design. Cylindrical samples of each mix were prepared and cured for 28 days then subjected to permeability and strength tests. Results showed the optimum mix design was A/C=4.5 and w/c=0.36. Several laboratory specimens were then prepared using the optimum mix design. Clogging tests were performed by placing sediments on the surface of selected samples prior to permeability testing. Findings showed permeability decreased as the amount of sediment increased. The optimum mix was used to build a 500 m test section in Jdeideh, a major city north of Beirut. Field testing (i.e., percolation test) is being conducted and core samples taken for lab testing. The test section’s performance will be monitored over the coming year.
