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İnsansız hava araçlarına (İHA) monte edilen kameralar yardımıyla yeryüzünün görüntülenmesi yersel ölçüm tekniklerine göre bazı avantajları beraberinde getirmektedir. İnsansız hava araçlarının kullanılması ile az maliyetle kısa sürede çok yüksek konumsal ve zamansal çözünürlüklü görüntüler elde edilebilmektedir. Elde edilen bu yüksek konumsal çözünü...
Citations
... Actually, the full results are shown in M. Sc. thesis [8]. The important and vital results are displayed. ...
... This best model can be represented by the Eq. (8). N= A 00 +A 10 λ+A 11 Φ+A 20 λ 2 +A 21 λ Φ+A 22 Φ 2 (8) The geoid undulation of Egypt by using the best model with HARN points is represented in fig. ...
... (8). N= A 00 +A 10 λ+A 11 Φ+A 20 λ 2 +A 21 λ Φ+A 22 Φ 2 (8) The geoid undulation of Egypt by using the best model with HARN points is represented in fig. 9. ...
The first main motivation of this thesis is using the GPS data to compute the orthometric height by
simple polynomial techniques and filter the data by least square method using Matlab program.
Control vertical networks consisting of ellipsoidal, orthometric and geoid height data are
investigated. Although the theoretical relationship between these height types is simple in nature
discrepancies among the combined height data, its practical implementation has proven to be quite
challenging due to numerous factors that cause, with particular emphasis on (i) modeling a
technique to compute the geoid undulation from GPS and precise leveling, (ii) correcting the
observed geoid undulation by least square method.
To address these challenges, a general procedure involving empirical and statistical tests for
assessing the performance of selected parametric models is developed. Additional numerical studies
include the obtained of geoid models (local geoid), scaling the GPS-derived ellipsoidal height
matrix, and evaluating the orthometric heights obtained from national/regional adjustments of
leveling data. Finally, the used technique with special mathematical and adjustment models gives
good results for the middle and east of Egypt.
... Actually, the full results are shown in M. Sc. thesis [8]. The important and vital results are displayed. ...
... This best model can be represented by the Eq. (8). N= A 00 +A 10 λ+A 11 Φ+A 20 λ 2 +A 21 λ Φ+A 22 Φ 2 (8) The geoid undulation of Egypt by using the best model with HARN points is represented in fig. ...
... (8). N= A 00 +A 10 λ+A 11 Φ+A 20 λ 2 +A 21 λ Φ+A 22 Φ 2 (8) The geoid undulation of Egypt by using the best model with HARN points is represented in fig. 9. ...
The first main motivation of this thesis is using the GPS data to compute the orthometric height by
simple polynomial techniques and filter the data by least square method using Matlab program.
Control vertical networks consisting of ellipsoidal, orthometric and geoid height data are
investigated. Although the theoretical relationship between these height types is simple in nature
discrepancies among the combined height data, its practical implementation has proven to be quite
challenging due to numerous factors that cause, with particular emphasis on (i) modeling a
technique to compute the geoid undulation from GPS and precise leveling, (ii) correcting the
observed geoid undulation by least square method.
To address these challenges, a general procedure involving empirical and statistical tests for
assessing the performance of selected parametric models is developed. Additional numerical studies
include the obtained of geoid models (local geoid), scaling the GPS-derived ellipsoidal height
matrix, and evaluating the orthometric heights obtained from national/regional adjustments of
leveling data. Finally, the used technique with special mathematical and adjustment models gives
good results for the middle and east of Egypt.
... A GPS network consists of 24 satellites arranged in six orbital planes of about 20200 Km altitude above earth's surface, with an orbital inclination of 55 degree, as depicted in Figure 1.1, so that at any given time a minimum of five satellites can be observed by GPS receivers at any location in the world [51; 121] . The GPS system consists of three segments (Space segment, Control segment and user segment) refer to [12,51,73] (Figure 1 frequencies are generated by multiplying the fundamental frequency by 154, 120 and 115, respectively [12; 51] . ...
... The most of errors are due to the effect of hardware, environmental and atmospheric error sources. The summary of errors are concluded as refers [12,52,73] . ...
... There are two types of positioning, single point and relative. Single-point positioning is the determination of a ground position using one receiver and observable from one or more satellites [73] . Single-point positioning relies on the pseudorange observable. ...
... The work is done for the data available from report of S.Powell, 1997 (oz 2 , oz 7 , oz 8 ,oz 9 ,oz 10 ,oz 11 [4]. The comparison between the resulted distortion of MRE, LSC and MCS models was done. ...
Determination of geoid has been one of the main research areas in science of
Geodesy for decades. According to the wide spread using of GPS in geodetic
applications, great attention is paid to the precise determination of local and regional
geoid to replace the geometric leveling, which is very onerous measurement work,
with GPS surveys. There are several methods for geoid determination; these methods
depend mainly on the available data and the used mathematical models. GPS and
leveling method, which is also known as geometric method, is one of these methods.
This paper investigates several mathematical techniques for determination the geoid
undulation in Egypt from GPS data. Comparison between the accuracy of these
models is also presented.
... Actually, the full results are shown in M. Sc. thesis [8]. The important and vital results are displayed. ...
... This best model can be represented by the Eq. (8). N= A 00 +A 10 λ+A 11 Φ+A 20 λ 2 +A 21 λ Φ+A 22 Φ 2 (8) The geoid undulation of Egypt by using the best model with HARN points is represented in fig. ...
... (8). N= A 00 +A 10 λ+A 11 Φ+A 20 λ 2 +A 21 λ Φ+A 22 Φ 2 (8) The geoid undulation of Egypt by using the best model with HARN points is represented in fig. 9. ...
The first main motivation of this thesis is using the GPS data to compute the orthometric height by
simple polynomial techniques and filter the data by least square method using Matlab program.
Control vertical networks consisting of ellipsoidal, orthometric and geoid height data are
investigated. Although the theoretical relationship between these height types is simple in nature
discrepancies among the combined height data, its practical implementation has proven to be quite
challenging due to numerous factors that cause, with particular emphasis on (i) modeling a
technique to compute the geoid undulation from GPS and precise leveling, (ii) correcting the
observed geoid undulation by least square method.
To address these challenges, a general procedure involving empirical and statistical tests for
assessing the performance of selected parametric models is developed. Additional numerical studies
include the obtained of geoid models (local geoid), scaling the GPS-derived ellipsoidal height
matrix, and evaluating the orthometric heights obtained from national/regional adjustments of
leveling data. Finally, the used technique with special mathematical and adjustment models gives
good results for the middle and east of Egypt.
... The mathematical formula of the polynomial model for this case is illustrated in equation (1) as following [4]: ...
... To achieve that goal, the monitoring of the vertical wall is done. A mesh of twelve monitoring points on the (7.7m x 3.0m) wall is distributed for coordinating a building façade as shown in figure (4). A local three-dimensional rectangular coordinates system is needed to calculate the spatial coordinates of any target points on the mesh. ...
... ( 1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12) common points Residual of accuracy (mm) From table (2) and figures (8, 9 and 10), it is obvious that the differences between the standard deviations from polynomial technique and observations are very small. The best arrangement for monitoring points on this wall is the second case in which points (1,4,9,12,6 and 7) are common points. For this case, maximum difference σ X is 0.58 mm and minimum is 0.23mm but for σ Y maximum is 0.26mm and minimum is 0.07mm and for σ Z maximum value for standard deviation is 0.097 mm and minimum value is 0.019mm. ...
The movements of an engineering structure, which serves the human life of today’s
modern world, are exhibiting safe behaviours. So, a lot of deformation monitoring studies
for determining and analyzing different kinds of engineering structures such as high-rise
buildings, dams, bridges, industrial complexes etc., are necessary. Monitoring and
analyzing deformations of these structures constitutes a special branch of geodesy
science. Polynomial surfaces are a very useful tool in order to represent the geomagnetic field over
small area of the earth’s surface. Nevertheless, the method has not always been applied with enough
precision. This paper investigates the applicability of the linear polynomial adjustment technique to
the data array from monitoring the structural deformation by determining the coordinate’s accuracy
of unknown points on the monitoring structure from measured points. The comparison study
between the resulted accuracy from polynomial technique and measured values for computation the
structural deformations is introduced and discussed. The results of the practical measurements,
calculations and analysis of these results using least squares theory and computer programs are
presented.
... Actually, the full results are shown in M. Sc. thesis [9].MCS technique was a grid transformation technique but in this technique was not depended on a priori variance covariance matrix. After construction the grids above the area of study can be summarized the steps of solution as following: ...
... Actually, the full results are shown in M. Sc. thesis [9].MCS technique was a grid transformation technique but in this technique was not depended on a priori variance covariance matrix. After construction the grids above the area of study can be summarized the steps of solution as following: ...
According to wide spread use of satellite based positioning techniques, especially GPS (Global Positioning System), a greater attention has started to be paid to precise determination of geoid models with an aim to replace the geometric leveling measurements with GPS measurements during geodetic and surveying works. This research discusses methodology used in the construction of an Egyptian local geoid with high accuracy, numerical solution of geoid modeling determination applying surface fitting minimum curvature surface (MCS) are presented for deriving the system of linear equations from boundary integral equation. In addition a comparison study between EGM96, OSU91A and MCS geoid models, mainly it is going to emphasize the applicability of model as a tool for modeling the geoid in a local area precisely using GPS/Leveling data to serve practical applications of geodesy. Also, the obtained results revealed that, the applicability of MCS technique as a tool for determining the precise local geoid in Egypt with law distortion at common points. From this comparison are applying the MCS model on the Naser Lack region.
Normally one refers to the height as the height above the national vertical datum, normally Mean Sea Level at particular coastal point measured over a particular period. Levels have been normally derived by conventional surveying methods and their values are related to the geoid surface. Hence, in order to derive heights above the geoid by GPS, it is necessary to know the height of the ellipsoid above the geoid where over wide areas of the world this relation is not known with a great precision. Nowadays, various mathematical models of the geoid determination are existed. Most of them have been derived for individual countries or parts of the world or the entire world based upon satellite and terrestrial gravity data. Others are derived based on astronomical and geometrical observations and others utilized a combination of all type of the available data. In this paper, the used algorithms of the least square collocation (LSC) model is outlined as well as the methodology that we utilize them in developing the programs. In this time most surveyor are using the GPS technique since its available and less time and cost beside another observations technique.
