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Effect of exogenous progesterone treatment during breeding season and non-breeding seasons on testosterone concentrations (ng/ml) in serum of dromedary she-camel in Egypt.
Source publication
Background: Research about the effects of progesterone (P4) and the relationship of P4 to oxidative stress has been achieved in ruminants but not enough in camels
Aim: This study evaluated the effect of exogenous P4 hormone using CIDR for 7 days on blood concentrations of steroid hormones and oxidative status of dromedary she-camels during peak an...
Context in source publication
Citations
... Moreover, P 4 level dramatically increased from basal level on day zero to the maximum level on day 10 then decreased to basal level on day 15 in primiparous and multiparous groups. The current results are in agreement with the results of El-Maaty et al. (2019) who reported that the CIDR application as a source of an exogenous progesterone has a significant increase in serum P 4 level during the breeding season. Also, E 2 level greatly decreased till day 13 then a significant increase reaching the maximum level at day 15, which agreed with the results of El-Maaty et al. (2019). ...
... The current results are in agreement with the results of El-Maaty et al. (2019) who reported that the CIDR application as a source of an exogenous progesterone has a significant increase in serum P 4 level during the breeding season. Also, E 2 level greatly decreased till day 13 then a significant increase reaching the maximum level at day 15, which agreed with the results of El-Maaty et al. (2019). Meanwhile, the follicular size recorded a significant change along days of treatment in both groups and the follicular dynamics was changed with the hormonal pattern and gradually increased with time advancement and the large follicle size recorded at day 15. ...
... Several trials have been performed to improve the reproductive performance of both female and male dromedary camels, and to control the follicular waves pattern-estrous cycle in she-camels as well [8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, controlled-internal drug release (CIDR) was successfully used for synchronization in dromedary she-camels [9,11,12]. ...
... In the current study, out of 60 CIDR pre-synchronized dromedary she-camels, 38 became pregnant with a conception rate of 63.33%. The high conception rate reported in the present study strongly support the good efficacy of using CIDR for synchronization in she-camel as recently reported [9,10]. The current study reported no remarkable differences between the three groups of she-camels for temperature and rumen motility. ...
... Serum P 4 was negatively correlated with both E 2 and cortisol, hence a positive correlation was demonstrated between E 2 and cortisol. On other hand, in she-camels received CIDR, re-used CIDR or OvSynch protocols, negative correlations observed in camels of this study between P 4 and MDA [10]. In contrast to the negative correlations reported in she-camels of the current study between P 4 and MDA, cows showed a reduction in oxidative stress indicators together with P 4 from the time the CIDR [79] and P 4 release intra-vaginal device were removed [80]. ...
Overproduction of free radicals is controlled by antioxidant defense mechanisms. These defense mechanisms are achieved by antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT). The current study aimed to assess the changes in steroid hormones, oxidant/antioxidants biomarkers, lipid profiles/liver functions indices, renal function biomarkers and minerals metabolism in non-pregnant, lactating or pregnant one-humped she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) pre-synchronized with controlled internal drug releasing. The study also focused on the correlational relationships between steroid hormones and the oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, lipid profiles and liver functions indices, renal functions and mineral metabolism in these she-camels. The study was conducted on apparently healthy dromedary she-camels (n = 60) during breeding season. A sexually active camel-bull was introduced to she-camels pre-synchronized with CIDR. Fifty to sixty days after natural mating, she-camels were examined for pregnancy. She-camels were divided into three main groups according to both pregnancy and lactation as following: pregnant (PREG, n = 38) which was kept as control one, non-pregnant and lactating (LACT, n = 8), and non-pregnant and non-lactating she-camels (NPREG, n= 14). Steroid hormones, i.e., progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2) and cortisol, oxidant indictors, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant biomarkers, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), CAT and reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid profiles indices, renal functions and related minerals were assessed. The present study confirmed the efficacy of using CIDR for synchronization in she-camels. Significant elevations in serum steroids hormones in PREG compare with LACT and NPREG. The highest concentrations of MDA as lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress indictors and lowest levels of antioxidant biomarkers except for SOD, i.e., TAC, CAT and GSH, were reported in PREG compared with LACT and NPREG. PREG showed the highest liver enzymes activities and lowest total protein values. Remarkable increases in serum concentrations of renal function parameters and phosphorous (P) were observed in PREG when compared with the other two groups. The investigated she-camels revealed significant correlation between steroid hormones and the oxidant biomarkers, antioxidant biomarkers, liver functions, renal functions and minerals metabolism parameters. P4 showed positive correlations with antioxidant biomarkers, i.e., TAC, CAT and GSH, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, whereas negative correlations were reported between P4 and renal functions biomarkers, i.e., blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and creatinine kinase (CK), and minerals metabolism parameters, i.e., P and magnesium (Mg), in CIDR pre-synchronized she-camels. In contrast, E2 and cortisol showed negative correlations with antioxidant biomarkers, i.e., TAC, CAT and GSH, lipid profiles/liver functions indices, i.e., AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), CK and Mg, however, positive correlations were demonstrated between E2 and cortisol, and MDA, Cr and P in investigated she-camels. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the efficacy of using CIDR for synchronization in she-camels. The highest MDA levels as indictors for oxidative stress and the lowest antioxidant levels, i.e., TAC, CAT and GSH, except for SOD in pregnant she-camels, were attributable to physiological oxidative stress as excellent compensatory responses observed in the PREG group to face such a physiologic stage. Moreover, lower P levels in non-pregnant she-camels would be contributed to failure of conception or early embryonic death. The investigated she-camels revealed significant correlations between steroid hormones and the oxidant indicators, antioxidant biomarkers, lipid profile indices and renal functions biomarkers that provided better understanding for physiological stress during pregnancy in camels.
... There were significant differences in the camel ovarian activity in relation to the months and seasons of the year [4,5]. Camel ovarian activities were recorded between December and May in Egypt [6,7]. During the breeding season, follicular growth constantly occurs in both ovaries in regular waves [8]. ...
Background and aim:
Estrus detection plays a crucial role in the success of animal reproduction. It was previously reported that body temperature changes during estrus. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vaginal temperatures (VTs) measured by a data logger, ovarian activity, and hormonal cyclic changes in camels.
Materials and methods:
Six mature, healthy, non-pregnant dromedary, and 10-12-year-old camels were included in the study. The ovarian activity was monitored with ultrasonography, and estrus behavior was evaluated using an active and virile male camel. Animals were inserted with a blank controlled internal drug release device attached with an intravaginal data logger. Every hour, the ambient temperature was recorded by another data logger. Blood samples were collected, and sera were used to measure estradiol and progesterone levels.
Results:
The whole follicular cycle lasted 25.41±1.36 days, and the maximum sizes of the dominant follicle in the first and second follicular waves were 1.63±0.27 cm and 1.94±0.42 cm, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the follicular diameter and estradiol-17b level (p<0.01, r=0.397). There was no correlation between the follicular diameter and progesterone level (p>0.05, r=0.038), which remained low during the whole period of the experiment. The mean daily VT was significantly correlated with the diameter of the dominant follicle (1.7-2.2 cm, p<0.01, r=0.52).
Conclusion:
Measurement of VT will improve the accuracy of estrus prediction. Further studies are recommended to validate VT in camel reproduction.
Dramatic metabolic changes during pregnancy and post-partum period resulted in alteration of the biochemical parameters in dromedary she-camels. The current study focused on assessment of stress indicators in post-partum dromedary she-camels on days 14, 28 and 42 post-calving through monitoring the clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, serum or milk oxidant/antioxidant indicators, and milk somatic cell count (SCC) status with reference to serum lipid profile changes. The study also stated several correlations between reproductive cyclicity parameters, stress biomarkers and serum-milk oxidant/antioxidant indicators. The study was conducted on clinically healthy recently calved she-camels (n = 25). They were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including lipid profiles, serum steroid hormones [Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2)], serum or milk oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers [Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and cortisol], and milk SCC on days 14, 21 and 28 post-calving. The study concluded the influence of stress as a result of lactation in post-partum period in recently calved she-camels and its relationship with reproductive cyclicity as well as changes in serum steroids, lipid profiles, serum-milk oxidant/antioxidants parameters, and milk SCC that was reflected through significant elevations in serum levels of P4, E2, cortisol, MDA and glucose, and milk values of MDA, cortisol and SCC as well as significant drop in serum levels of GSH, TPs, albumins and globulins on day 14 post-calving comparing with their values particularly on day 42. The study stated variable correlation relationships between reproductive cyclicity parameters, lipid profiles, serum-milk oxidant/antioxidants parameters and milk SCC.
