Figure 2 - uploaded by Ahmed El-banhawy
Content may be subject to copyright.
Morphology of Ephedra species, a, vegetative shoot showing leaves arrangement; b, female cone: 1, E. alata; 2, E. aphylla; 3, E. foliata; 4, E. pachyclada subsp. sinaica.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... The conservation status of Ephedra foeminea is endangered as reported in Plant Red Data Book of Egypt ( El-Hadidi et al., 1991). Key to the species of Ephedra in Egypt: (Figures 2-5, Table 3) 1-Twigs flexible; gynodioecious; seed up to 1mm length; usually completely covered by bracts,..……………….……… E. foeminea -Twigs rigid; dioecious; seed up to 7mm length; upper part of seed emerging from bracts …….…………………..…....…..….…… 2 2. Leaves 10-17 mm; stem surface ciliate; bracts of female cone 6-8 mm length in 2 pair……….……………………….….. E. foliata -Leaves 2-3 mm; stem surface smooth or papillose; bracts of female cone 3-5 mm length in more than 2 pair………………..…….. 3 3. Surface of stem smooth; female cone bracts free, in 5 pairs, dry, marginal winged, 2 seeds; anthers distinctly stipitate ..…. E. alata -Surface of stem papillose; female cone bracts fused; in 3-4 pairs; fleshy; marginal un-winged, 1 seed, anthers sessile …………….4 4. Margins of leaves and bracts ciliate; seed up to 7 mm, 3-4 anthers per one flower; stamens not exceeding 3 mm length... E. aphylla -Margins of leaves and bracts glabrous, seed up to 5 mm, 5-8 anthers per one flower; stamens exceeding 3 mm length.. E. pachyclada subsp. ...
Context 2
... The conservation status of Ephedra foeminea is endangered as reported in Plant Red Data Book of Egypt ( El-Hadidi et al., 1991). Key to the species of Ephedra in Egypt: (Figures 2-5, Table 3) 1-Twigs flexible; gynodioecious; seed up to 1mm length; usually completely covered by bracts,..……………….……… E. foeminea -Twigs rigid; dioecious; seed up to 7mm length; upper part of seed emerging from bracts …….…………………..…....…..….…… 2 2. Leaves 10-17 mm; stem surface ciliate; bracts of female cone 6-8 mm length in 2 pair……….……………………….….. E. foliata -Leaves 2-3 mm; stem surface smooth or papillose; bracts of female cone 3-5 mm length in more than 2 pair………………..…….. 3 3. Surface of stem smooth; female cone bracts free, in 5 pairs, dry, marginal winged, 2 seeds; anthers distinctly stipitate ..…. E. alata -Surface of stem papillose; female cone bracts fused; in 3-4 pairs; fleshy; marginal un-winged, 1 seed, anthers sessile …………….4 4. Margins of leaves and bracts ciliate; seed up to 7 mm, 3-4 anthers per one flower; stamens not exceeding 3 mm length... E. aphylla -Margins of leaves and bracts glabrous, seed up to 5 mm, 5-8 anthers per one flower; stamens exceeding 3 mm length.. E. pachyclada subsp. ...
Similar publications
Anthropogenic interference is a major driver of ecological change in freshwater ecosystems. Pollution and the introduction of new species not only alter macrozoobenthic community structures, but can also affect their respective parasite communities. The ecology of the Weser river system experienced a drastic decline in biodiversity over the past ce...
Citations
... Furthermore, Al-Nafie [49] mentioned that the existence of a certain number of species corresponding to different taxa is a salient characteristic of this region, showing high plant diversity. Members of the recognized families are also well known for their higher economic and medicinal potentiality [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Anthemis scrobicularis was the only endemic species recorded in the surveyed area [59]. ...
Jabal Al-Ward is one of the Hijazi mountains situated between Al-Ulā and Al-Wajh, southwest Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia’s northwesterly border region. It is considered the highest mountain in this area and is enriched in wildlife. For the first time, the present research aimed to investigate the floristic composition, phytogeographical distribution, and plant diversity in Jabal Al-Ward. One hundred ninety-eight species representing 47 plant families have been identified. The Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae represented more than a third of the region’s floristic composition. The perennial species (53.5%) were dominant over the annuals (46.46%). This is a prominent feature in Jabal Al-Ward, where the perennial species may be more tolerant of climatic changeability than the annuals. Seven life form categories were found; therophytes (46.46%) showed to be the most common life form. In addition, there were four main phytogeographical groups: Mono-regional, Bi-regional, Pluri-regional, and Worldwide. The Mono-regional and Bi-regional categories had the highest participation, with 38.5% and 37.4%, respectively. Thirty-six species (18.2%) were found to be native to the Saharo-Arabian region. The Saharo-Arabian region was combined with eight more regions, including Saharo-Arabian/Sudano-Zambesian (12.6%), Irano-Turanian/Saharo-Arabian (9.1%), Mediterranean/Saharo-Arabian (5.6%), Irano-Turanian/Mediterranean/Saharo-Arabian (4.5%), Irano-Turanian/Saharo-Arabian/Sudano-Zambesian (2%), Euro-Siberian/Irano-Turanian/Mediterranean/Saharo-Arabian and Saharo-Arabian/Sudanian (1% each), Mediterranean/Saharo-Arabian/Sudano-Zambesian, and Irano-Turanian/Mediterranean/Saharo-Arabian/Saharo-Zambesian (0.5% each). The current study demonstrated the highest species richness compared to earlier research on various locations in Tabuk Province. In future work, the species and endemic richness along elevation gradients should be studied in Jabal Al-Ward. As well as the IUCN status of each taxon, the DNA barcoding of endangered species will be of great significance if applied in the surveyed area.
... Balanites aegyptiaca is a polymorphic woody species with a wide distribution. Previously, many taxa have been described based on the floral characters of the species, which are inconsistent and inconvenient to use alone [2,3,[24][25][26][27][28]. In the current study, an integrated taxonomic analysis was performed based on morphological data of the vegetative parts and the fruit; anatomical data of stem, spine, leaflet and petiole and the epidermal surface sculpture of stems, spines, leaflets (abaxial and adaxial surfaces), and fruits using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). ...
Balanites aegyptiaca or Desert Date (Zygophyllaceae) is widely distributed in arid and semiarid
regions in Africa and South Asia. The current study aims to identify the infraspecific variation
between B. aegyptiaca native to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Detailed macro- and micromorphological
analyses of leaflets, petioles, stems, spines, and fruits were performed using a light and Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using the relevant R- software
packages. Leaflet shape and apex, leaflet length/width ratio, leaflet indumentum density, and the
petiole length were recorded. Based on these traits, the present study suggests the existence of one
variety, “B. aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca” in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. At the same time, two varieties were
recorded in Egypt “B. aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca and B. aegyptiaca var. tomentosa”.
... Balanites aegyptiaca is a polymorphic woody species with a wide distribution. Previously, many taxa have been described based on the floral characters of the species, which are inconsistent and inconvenient to use alone [2,3,[24][25][26][27][28]. In the current study, an integrated taxonomic analysis was performed based on morphological data of the vegetative parts and the fruit; anatomical data of stem, spine, leaflet and petiole and the epidermal surface sculpture of stems, spines, leaflets (abaxial and adaxial surfaces), and fruits using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). ...
Balanites aegyptiaca or Desert Date (Zygophyllaceae) is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions in Africa and South Asia. The current study aims to identify the infraspecific variation between B. aegyptiaca native to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Detailed macro-and micromorphological analyses of leaflets, petioles, stems, spines, and fruits were performed using a light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using the relevant R-software packages. Leaflet shape and apex, leaflet length/width ratio, leaflet indumentum density, and the petiole length were recorded. Based on those traits, the present study suggests the existence of one variety, "B. aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca" in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. At the same time, two varieties were recorded in Egypt "B. aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca and B. aegyptiaca var. tomentosa".
... Egypt's Sinai Peninsula is a central area between Africa and Asia with a unique ecosystem [7,8]. South Sinai is home to 14 endemic and threatened plant species [5]. ...
The genus Silene L. is one of the largest genera in Caryophyllaceae and is distributed in
the Northern Hemisphere and South America. The endemic species Silene leucophylla and the near‐endemic S. schimperiana are native to the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. They have reduced population size and are endangered on national and international scales. These two species have typically been disregarded in most studies of the genus Silene. This research integrates the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), species micromorphology, and the phylogenetic analysis of four DNA markers: ITS, matK, rbcL and psb‐A/trn‐H. Trichomes were observed on the stem of Silene leucophylla, while the S. schimperiana has a glabrous stem. Irregular epicuticle platelets with sinuate margin were found in S. schimperiana. Oblong, bone‐shaped, and irregularly arranged epidermal cells were
present on the leaf of S. leucophylla, while Silene schimperiana leaf has “tetra‐, penta‐, hexa‐, and polygonal” epidermal cells. Silene leucophylla and S. schimperiana have amphistomatic stomata. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of each marker individually or in combination represented the first phylogenetic study to reveal the generic and sectional classification of S. leucophylla and S. schimperiana. Two Silene complexes are proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic data. The Leucophylla complex was allied to section Siphonomorpha and the Schimperiana complex was related to section Sclerocalycinae. However, these two complexes need further investigation and more exhaustive sampling to infer their complex phylogenetic relationships
There is a relentless human need to understand life by tracing the historical development of the discipline of plant sciences, the part of natural science that covers traditionally treated plants.
The history of plant taxonomy and floristic studies—the botanical classification of plants into different groups and their distribution in different natural habitats and evolution—stretches from the work of ancient Greeks to modern evolutionary botanists and plant scientists. As an area of science, plant systematics came into being slowly, with early plans usually being considered as part of the research on medicine or drugs. Later on, classification, description, and evolution were driven through natural biology and natural history. Until the discovery of the theory of evolution, almost all classifications and descriptions were based on natural history and natural biology. Botany in the 18th and 19th centuries made significant advancements toward a more holistic classification methodology, eventually based on evolutionary relationships.
The Egyptian narrowly endemic and critically endangered plant species Rosa arabica Crép. was studied employing a taxonomic and molecular approach. Morphological investigations, distance analysis, and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that R. arabica is a distinct species with great affinity to R. canina and differentiated from R. rubiginosa. Molecular identification based on the sequences of multiple markers single or in combination ITS, matK, rbcL, and trnL-F succeeded in identifying R. arabica at genus and species levels. We evaluated the potential of each marker and a combination of the nuclear ITS-Internal Transcribed Spacer-with one of the plastid markers, matK, rbcL, or trnL-F, to accurately identify Rosa species. All of them were successful in identifying R. arabica. Classification based on DNA sequences shows that R. arabica is placed within section Caninae in a clade comprising R. canina and R. rubiginosa. Moreover, R. arabica is closely related to other European Rosa species. In conclusion, our results indicate that the four DNA markers can provide species resolution in the context of the genus Rosa and relatives, aiming to characterize morphology and genetic diversity in the ecological and economically important genus Rosa.
