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Frequency distribution levels of stress scale
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... This magnitude reflects that ESRD is one of the prevailing concerns not only in the developing countries but it also have affected the most advanced nations of the world where all the health facilities are available. (6)(7)(8)(9) Hemodialysis is the only management modality that is used frequently around the world to bring some ease and quality of such patients diagnosed with the chronic renal failure (CRF). However; due to the dependency on hemodialysis process, patients experience to suffer with a wide range of physiological (muscles cramps, itching and other physical ailments) and psycho-social problems (poor sleep quality, diet problems, and indecision about life sustainability) which also affect the feature and quality of life not only the physical but the psychological health of patients as well. ...
... This magnitude reflects that ESRD is one of the prevailing concerns not only in the developing countries but it also have affected the most advanced nations of the world where all the health facilities are available. (6)(7)(8)(9) Hemodialysis is the only management modality that is used frequently around the world to bring some ease and quality of such patients diagnosed with the chronic renal failure (CRF). However; due to the dependency on hemodialysis process, patients experience to suffer with a wide range of physiological (muscles cramps, itching and other physical ailments) and psycho-social problems (poor sleep quality, diet problems, and indecision about life sustainability) which also affect the feature and quality of life not only the physical but the psychological health of patients as well. ...
Background: Kidney diseases are prevailing significantly around the world in terms of its morbidity and mortality rates. End stage renal diseases are considered as one of the most occurring of these kidney diseases which constitute approximately 10 to 15% of all the global burden of diseases. Approximately 88% of all the chronic renal failure or ESRD patients receive hemodialysis management as one of the prime and essential therapy to reinstate their life activities. The statistics report the trend of ESRD and hemodialysis is almost the same in more advanced as well as the developing nations of the world. Certain types of stressors affect the hemodialysis patients during their course of treatment which needs to be addressed with different types of coping strategies
among the patients.
Aim: The main purpose of the study was to assess the different types of stressors and to determine the coping strategies among patients undergoing hemodialysis procedure.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out to assess the stressors and coping mechanism among hemodialysis survivors. A sample 383 patients were taken through simple random sampling from the three different types of public sector hospitals, Peshawar. Two types of adopted and validated questionnaire (HSS & JCS) were used to collect the required data. Data was analyzed by SPSS Version-22 for its proper presentations. The analyzed data was portrayed in the form of percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation which was further represented in the form of graphs and tables.
Results: The findings of the study showed that majority (69%) of the hemodialysis survivors were male while around (31%) of them were female. Age analysis reported that majority (66%) of all the participants had age more than 50 years of their ages. Physiological stressors was found a big issueamong the participants with a mean score 3.16285+0.534 on a scale of 4 category likert scale with an overall percentage of 79.05%. However Psychological stressors reflected a very big picture in their nature with a mean value of 3.3824+0.6167 with an accumulative percentage of 84.56%. Spirituality and religious coping strategies a mean score of (3.740+0.452) was ranked the highest
coping strategies while sleep was found the lowest of coping strategy among patient with a mean score of 1.270+0.0.546.
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that different types of stressors specifically physical and psychological stressor affect the hemodialysis patients drastically which need to be taken in consideration for their better management. Patients must be treated to develop good coping mechanism skills to overcome their stressors for having betterment in their quality life.
... 16 This study is contrasted by a study conducted in Egypt among 250 haemodialysis patients, in which, 36% had moderate level of stress, while 14% of them had severe, 1% had extremely severe level of stress, and 23% mild stress levels. 18 Another study conducted in Pondicherry, India, also showed 35.71% had stress in which 21.43% had moderate stress among 14 patients of haemodialysis. 17 The prevalence of stress was significantly higher than the current study which might be the result of different cultural background and in rural area. ...
Introduction: A psychological distress is highly prevalent conditions among haemodialysis patients, but is often under diagnosed and untreated. It could have negative impacts on their treatment and prognosis of the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychological distress in the patients receiving haemodialysis in a teaching hospital. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study comprised of 59 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) receiving haemodialysis at Patan Hospital. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. After taking informed consent, data was collected using interview technique based on structured questionnaires. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was used to assess the levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in terms of mean, frequency and percentage. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 71.18%, 62.71% and 20.33% respectively. Majority (30.51%) of the respondents had moderate depression, 20.34% had mild, 10.17% had severe and extremely severe depression. Similarly, 32.20% had moderate anxiety, 15.25% had mild, 6.78% had severe and 8.47% had extremely severe anxiety. Likewise, 11.86% had mild stress, 6.78% had moderate stress, and 1.69% had severe stress. The mean and standard deviation of DASS scores were 34.51 ± 19.31. The prevalence of psychological distress among respondents was 42.37%. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that more than two fifth of the respondents had psychological distress. The highest prevalence was depression which was present in more than two third of the respondents.
... The study showed that the bulk of the sample was males (56.7%), which agrees with the study of Bayoumi and Al-Wakeel (11) , Murali et al. (12) , and Wan et al. (13) , in which most of the sample (56.2%) was males what may be explained as males were more exposed to a difficult work environment that may affect their kidneys. Regarding the educational level, a high percentage of the sample (56.7%) were in high school or less, which is inconsistent with Bukhary et al. (14) and Hameed and Brzanji (15) , who found that the bulk of the sample was unlettered. Also, 73.3% of the patients were existing in rural areas, which is incompatible with Anees et al. (16) and Zyoud et al. (17) who illustrated that most of their samples living in urban areas. ...
... Table 2 presents the stress/stressor definitions, employed instruments, measures of each study, and factors affecting the stress perception of the study samples. Out of the 16 studies, 5 studies defined stress (10,11,13,21,23) and Tchape (12) defined what does stressor means. Based on the definition provided by five authors, stress is an event that often transcends its own resources (13,23). ...
... Based on the definition provided by five authors, stress is an event that often transcends its own resources (13,23). Nevertheless, another researcher, Bukhary (11), defined stress as a part of human life, accompanied by positive or negative effects on the physical, emotional, economic, spiritual, and social life of a person. Tachape (12) described stressors as an agent that could arise from holistic sources to make a status of stress. ...
... Genetic factors affecting stress perception were not identified by any of the studies. Only six studies found a different positive association between stressors and socio-demographic factors, including age (11,18,21), marital status (11,22), literacy level (11,13), and female gender (11,13,24). Only one study found the direct effect of co-morbidities on stress (19). ...
Context: Stress is a common comorbid disorder among hemodialysis patients, and diverse factors contribute to stress perception in such individuals. Although numerous findings have been consistent across the literature, there has been a lack of consensus on which factor is the most influential on stress perception. This systematic review aimed to provide an executive review on factors contributing to stress perception among hemodialysis patients. Evidence Acquisition: A detailed search was carried out on Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, EBESCOhost, Google Scholar, Medline, and Web of Science databases. Rigorous search narrowed to 16 observational studies (n=3,567 participants) on factors determining stress perception among hemodialysis patients. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline was incorporated. The selected 16 articles were used in the qualitative synthesis. Results: Stressors were grouped as biological, psychological/behavioral, or social/environmental factors. It was revealed that the effects of socio-demographic factors on stress perception were scarce and inconsistent, while fatigue and itching were distressing biological factors. Limitations on time and place on vacation, limitation of food and fluid are psychological stressors and decrease in social life with substantial economic burden were enlightened as social stressors. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary factors were found for stress perception among hemodialysis patients. Nursing care plans should address the holistic nature of stress with appropriate nursing interventions. Although this review adopted the strict selection criteria, it remains difficult to conclude determinants due to methodological drawbacks. Therefore, future research in this scope is highly appreciated with prospective longitudinal nature to produce solid clinical conclusions.
... 2 The CKD and its treatment lead to significant changes for people, such as restrictions on fluid and food intake; itching; cramps; tiredness; decline in bodily functions; sleep disorders; sterility; changes in family structure; uncertainty about the future; changes in social life; time spent with the treatment; difficulties with transportation to the HD unit; changes in work activities; and financial problems. [3][4][5][6] These changes require adaptation and are characterized as stressors. 7 The way people deal with stressors can mitigate its effects and favor adaptation. ...
... For example, among people undergoing HD with age above 40 years, those with higher education and those working predominantly use coping strategies focused on the problem; whereas men, people living in the countryside and the people undergoing HD for a longer time refer to coping strategies more focused on emotion. 4,12 In this study, the main causes of CKD were CGN, diabetes mellitus, and unknown cause and arterial hypertension, similar to the data from the Brazilian census on dialysis, conducted in 2013, in which the main causes of CKD are arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and CGN. 1 People with diabetes had higher scores than those who had other causes for KCD for almost all factors, which may suggest that they use more ways of coping because they identify a greater number of stressors related to the disease and treatment. In another study, the most mentioned coping strategies by people with diabetes were active and planning coping strategies, focused on the problem. ...
Objectives:
To verify the relationship between coping strategies of people with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and their clinical variables and lifestyle habits.
Methods:
It was developed a cross-sectional study that used the Coping Strategies Inventory of Folkman and Lazarus and a semi-structured questionnaire for collecting clinical variables and lifestyles of patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Urology and Nephrology Institute of São Jose do Rio Preto-SP (Brazil).
Results:
Participants were 107 adults undergoing hemodialysis, with an average age of 51 years; 62.4% were men. The main causes of chronic kidney disease were chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, undetermined cause and hypertension. The most reported coping strategies were focused on emotion. There were greater coping scores among people who had diabetes, those who had leisure and those who referred religion. People who exercised and those who had undergone renal transplantation had more positive coping.
Conclusions:
Clinical variables of people undergoing hemodialysis can be sources of stress, and lifestyle habits are associated with coping strategies to mitigate the effects of stress.
Background: Patients on haemodialysis experience various challenges associated with their disease as well as complications related to therapy. Intradialytic events, such as cramping, hypotension and shivering, are major stressors for persons on haemodialysis. In an attempt to cope with stress associated with dialysis, most patients tend to adopt emotion-orientated coping strategies. This study aimed at evaluating the coping strategies used by patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, to deal with stress related to intradialytic events. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 participants undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. They were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire for demographic data, a visual analogue scale to assess stress, and the Jaloweic coping scale. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: The majority (62%) of the participants were male. Muscle cramps (55%), headaches (54%) and hypertension (47%) were the most commonly experienced intradialytic events. The mean level of stress on the Jaloweic scale was 5.1 ± 2.1. The commonly used coping strategies were confrontational (45%), fatalistic (46%) and supportive (48%). The level of stress explained 66% of the variance associated with the use of a coping style (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Intradialytic events were common among our participants and the majority used confrontational, fatalistic and supportive coping strategies. Tailored counselling services are recommended to reinforce effective coping.
