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![Table 1 : The RAI staging for chronic lymphocytic leukemia [11]](profile/Gamal-Abdul-Hamid/publication/313025856/figure/tbl1/AS:669661884608518@1536671243350/The-RAI-staging-for-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-11_Q320.jpg)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is a typically slow-growing
cancer which begins in lymphocytes in the bone marrow and extends
into the blood. It is the proliferation and accumulation of lymphocytes
(usually B cells) that are relatively unresponsive to antigenic stimuli.
CLL is a disease predominantly of the older age group as the median
age at...
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Objective:
To evaluate the prognostic significance of oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant defense status measurement in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Method:
d-ROMs test and BAP test were evaluated at diagnosis of 165 patients with CLL and correlated with clinical-biological features and prognosis.
Results:
An increased o...
Background:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-lymphoproliferative disease with varying clinical characteristics, which occurs mostly in older ages. In studies from literature, we see that different parameters are examined to determine the prognosis of CLL. The main purpose of our study is to determine the relationship of lymphocyte/monocyt...
Background
Ibrutinib is a Bruton’s tyrosine-kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is approved as a second-line treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While recent trials have demonstrated impressive results for ibrutinib, there remains a paucity of real-world data on its use in the clinical setting.
Methods
In this single-center study carried out...
Background/Aims: Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and resistance to apoptosis due to gene mutation or abnormal gene expression. In our previous study, constitutively photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) was shown to be upregulated in Binet C-phase CLL patients. Based on the negat...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in the adult western population. It is characterized by the proliferation of mature but dysfunctional lymphocytes, primarily CD5+ B cells. It primarily affects the reticuloendothelial system in the majority of the cases, but can rarely manifest as extranodal and extramedullary l...
Citations
... An important complication in approximately 10% of cases is acquired haemolytic anaemia. [21] This is sometimes the first manifestation of chronic lymphatic leukaemia. It should be suspected when the degree of anaemia is in appropriately severe for the degree of lymph node and splenic enlargement, the degree of lymphocytosis, or when spherocytes or agglutination are present in the blood film [22]. ...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) defined by a minimum of 5x109/L monoclonal B cells in the blood, is the commonest leukemia found in adults in Western countries, affects more than 200000 people, and is associated with approximately 4410 death in the USA annually. CLL is characterized by a progressive proliferation and accumulation of mature yet functionally incompetent lymphocytes. The disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that impair the apoptosis of clonal B-cells. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) requires the presence of more than or equal to 5 × 10 9 /L B lymphocytes (5000/μL) in the peripheral blood for the duration of at least 3 months. Immunophenotyping of circulating B-lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B-cell population carrying the CD5 antigen, as well as typical B-cell markers is a confirmatory test. Prognosis: The two similar clinical staging systems, Binet and Rai stages, create prognostic information by using results of physical examination and blood counts. Various molecular biology markers also have prognostic value. Mutations of the TP53 gene and x chromosome 17 chromosome (del [17p) predict resistance to chemoimmunotherapy and a shorter time to progression, with most targeted therapies. A comprehensive, international prognostic score (CLL-IPI) integrates genetic, biological and clinical variables to identify distinct risk groups of CLL patients. Therapy: Early-stage disease of CLL patients are followed up regularly, only patients with active or symptomatic disease or with advanced stages of Binet or Rai require treatment. When treatment is indicated, most patients with CLL have several options: a combination of obinutuzumab and venetoclax, ibrutinib monotherapy, or immunochemotherapy. In patients under 65 years of age who are physically fit (particularly if they have a mutated IGVH gene), immunochemotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab remains the standard of care because of its potential therapeutic potential. In case of relapse, the initial treatment can be repeated if the treatment-free period exceeds 3 years. And in case of early recurrence of the disease, treatment should be switched to an alternative regime. Patients with del(17p) or TP53 mutations are another high-risk group and should be treated with targeted drugs. Allogeneic SCT can be considered in patients with TP53 or del(17p) mutations or in patients on inhibitor therapy.
