Figure 1-12 - uploaded by Noor Jadah
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The life cycle of S. cerevisiae. Both haploid and diploid cells can reproduce by budding. Open and closed circles represent haploid nuclei of opposite mating type; diploid nuclei are larger and half-filled. Key events in the life cycle are plasmogamy (P), karyogamy (K) and meiosis (M). (101)
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In present study, the effect of Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser with two different wavelengths, (1064nm) and (532nm), has studied basing on the fact that Cytochrome c oxidase absorb at IR region, Also the prosthetic group of heme in cytochromes b, c1 and c is iron Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which are reported to have high absorption of green region of elec...
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... 27,28 Another study by Andraus et al revealed that LLLT did not have any bactericidal effect with the light of 660 nm or 808 nm and any hindrance to growth in the illuminated region of plates at different irradiation times (2.15 minutes, 1.7 minutes and 40 seconds). 29 We hypothesize that the form of bacterial biofilm prepared for irradiation represents a critical factor in observing the action of LLLT on bacterial growth and its intracellular biomolecules activities. This idea was based on Chung and Andrau's study, in which they employed an illuminated chamber to irradiate bacterial culture on a medium plate, which provides highly accumulated populations of bacteria and prevents total absorption of the laser wavelength despite using different wavelengths, powers, intensities, and irradiation time. ...
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the critical pathological bacteria. This bacterium had developed a variety of genetic mutations that made it resistant to drugs and more harmful to humans. In addition, all attempts to design a specific vaccine against S. aureus have failed. Therefore, this experiment was designed as a trial for vaccine production, by using a photodynamic treatment (PDT) through partial biological inhibition. The PDT of bacteria mainly focused on reducing the activity of staphylocoagulase (SC), which has a protective feature for bacteria. This study aimed to examine the photodynamic effect of combining a specific wavelength of a laser and a certain dilution photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB) dye. The possible PDT effect on the inhibition of pathogenic enzymatic activity was predicted. This study also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PDT on the total bacterial account (viability) simultaneously with SC assay. Methods: A 650nm wavelength diode laser was used with 100 mW output power and 2 minutes of exposure time. Dye dilutions were 50, 100, 150 and 200 μg/mL. The viability of bacteria after and before laser treatment was calculated using single plate-serial dilution spotting methods. The activity of SC was detected by using human plasma for 4 hours incubation of crude-substrate interaction. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in enzyme activity and colony-forming units (CFU) after irradiating bacterial suspension with 150 g/mL MB, as well as a decline in CFU. However, irradiation with a laser alone showed a significant increase in SC activity and CFU for the same exposure time. Conclusion: Besides reducing the production of SC activity, PDT significantly inhibited the viability of S. aureus. The application of MB photosensitizer at a concentration of 150 g/mL in combination with a laser wavelength of 650 nm resulted in a complete decrease in the SC activity value as well as the viability of bacteria.
