Figuras 7-10 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
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7) Nowakowskiella elegans: zoosporângios operculados; 8) Nowakowskiella multispora: talo policêntrico, esporos de resistência dentro do rizomicélio e zoosporângios operculados; 9-10) Septochytrium marilandicum: 9) zoosporângios operculados, 10) esporo de resistência.
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Quinze táxons de Chytridiomycota e 18 de Oomycota foram isolados de amostras de água e solo na Represa do Guarapiranga, por meio de técnica de iscagem, com substratos celulósicos, queratinosos e quitinosos. Dos táxons de Chytridiomycota isolados, um pertence aos Blastocladiales, onze aos Chytridiales e três aos Spizellomycetales. Dos táxons de Oomy...
Citations
... In Brazil, the number of known taxa is small, with only 8 genera and 24 species of Chytridiales, and 5 genera and 24 species of Rhizophydiales, mostly collected in Atlantic Rainforest areas (Pires-Zottarelli et al. 1996, Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002, Nascimento & Pires-Zottarelli 2009, Nascimento & Pires-Zottarelli 2012, Jesus et al. 2013, Jerônimo et al. 2015. ...
During a survey of Chytridiomycota in the "Mosaico de Unidade de Conservação JuréiaItatins", São Paulo State from August/2016 to October/2017, we identified new records for Brazil: Karlingiomyces marylandicus , Podochytrium chitinophilum and Rhizoclosmatium globosum in the Chytridiales and Angulomyces argentinensis in the Rhizophydiales. In addition, we found and describe a new species, Kappamyces microporosus (Kappamycetaceae, Rhizophydiales). All taxa were analysed morphologically and illustrated. The phylogeny of the Rhizophydiales members was inferred based on combined partial LSU and ITS rDNA regions.
... Among the lentic habitats, the reservoirs represent unique ecosystems, since the constant input of water from river tributaries besides volume control by a dam, give them a vertical dynamic of a lake and horizontal of a river (Wetzel 2001). Built to supply human demands for electric power and water-related services (Lehner et al. 2011, Hayes et al. 2017, the fungal diversity in these artificial ecosystems is still poorly explored (Czeczuga & Muszynska 2001, Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002, Czeczuga et al. 2010. ...
The zoosporic fungi of Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota are important components of eukaryotic communities in freshwater ecosystems, acting in decomposing of organic matter and/or parasitism of several hosts. In Brazil, these fungi in lentic habitats such as reservoirs and lakes are still poorly studied, leaving the sediment totally unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the diversity and distribution of these phyla in the water column and sediments of three tropical reservoirs located in Brazilian Atlantic rainforest areas using morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Samples of the water column depths (surface, medium depth and bottom) and sediment were collected from August/2014 to July/2015 (four samplings), and baited with substrates to allow the fungal development. The taxa purified on agar medium were included in phylogenetic reconstructions (SSU, ITS and/or LSU regions of rDNA) to corroborate their morphological identifications. In total, we identified 24 taxa and
calculated their frequency, occurrence and abundance during the study. Nine of them were isolated on pure cultures, which were included in phylogenic reconstructions at order level. In general, the zoosporic fungi presented a higher species richness in the
sediment. Asterophlyctis sarcoptoides, Cladochytrium replicatum, Nowakowskiella crenulata and N. hemisphaerospora were the taxa more frequent and abundant. The genus Avachytrium is recorded for the first time in Brazil. These data corroborate the
importance of the sediment to obtain a more comprehensive overview of the zoosporic fungi community in lentic ecosystems.
... Oospores 19˗24 μm diâm., eccentric, spherical, some oval, 1-4 per oogonium. Gomes et al. 2003, Lyra & Milanez 1974, Milanez 1970, Milanez et al. 1994a, Pires-Zottarelli 1990, 1999, Pires-Zottarelli et al. 1996b, Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002. ...
... Geographical distribution in Brazil: Piauí (Rocha 2002, Pereira 2008, Negreiros 2008, Trindade-Júnior 2013; Amazonas (Silva 2002); Pernambuco (Cavalcanti 2001); Minas Gerais (Beneke & Rogers 1962, Oliveira 2004; São Paulo (Rogers et al. 1970, Schoenlein-Crusius et al. 1990, Pires-Zottarelli 1999, Gomes et al. 2003, Pires-Zottarelli et al. 1996b, Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002, Rocha 2004). ...
... Resistance spores 10˗16 μm diâm., spherical, internally formed hyphae, sometimes ovoid; with eccentric lipid droplet, thick wall. (Milanez 1970, Pires-Zottarelli et al. 1996, 1999, Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002; Maranhão (Sales 2009). ...
This study aimed at enhancing the knowledge on the diversity and distribution of Oomycetes within Parque Natural Municipal Lagoa do Sambico, in Timon municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil as well as their geographical distribution in Brazil as a whole. Of the 98 isolates, 16 were identified as Oomycetes, which belong to six families: Achlyaceae, Leptolegniellaceae s. lat., Pythiaceae s. lat., Olpidiopsidaceae s. lat., Saprolegniaceae s. str. and Verrucalvaceae. We report herewith the first records of Olpidiopsis aphanomycis Cornu and Saprolegnia luxurians (Bhargava & G.C. Srivast) R.L. Seym. for Brazil, as well as Achlya aff. diffusa J.V. Harv. ex T.W. Johnson, Achlya proliferoides Coker, Aphanomyces helicoides Minden, Aplanopsis terrestris Höhnk, Dictyuchus monosporus Leitg., Globisporangium proliferum (Cornu) P.M. Kirk, and Pythiogeton uniforme A. Lund for the State of Maranhão.
... de contéudo granular, parede lisa, amarelada, 2-3 μm de espessura e porção interna serrilhada, funcionando como prosporângio. Os zoosporângios dos isolados do PEIC são menores que os descritos por Dogma (1974), Pires-Zottarelli (1999) e Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002), que citaram zoosporângios de 12-80 × 7-65 μm, mas são semelhantes aos descritos por Pires-Zottarelli & Rocha (2007). Os zoósporos observados concordam com Pires-Zottarelli & Rocha (2007), mas são menores que na descrição de Dogma (1974), que citou zoósporos ovais entre 5,5-6,5 × 3,5-4,5 μm e na de Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002) que citaram até 7,5 μm diâm. ...
... Os zoosporângios dos isolados do PEIC concordam com as descrições de Sparrow (1957), Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002), ) e Nascimento & Pires-Zottarelli (2009. Os zoósporos são menores que os descritos por Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002), que citaram zoósporos esféricos de ca. ...
... Os zoosporângios dos isolados do PEIC concordam com as descrições de Sparrow (1957), Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002), ) e Nascimento & Pires-Zottarelli (2009. Os zoósporos são menores que os descritos por Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002), que citaram zoósporos esféricos de ca. 7,5 μm diâm. ...
Foram analisadas a riqueza e a diversidade de Blastocladiomycota e Chytridiomycota de 120 amostras coletadas no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC). Destas amostras foram realizados 256 isolamentos, 112 da água e 144 do solo, com a identificação de 34 táxons, todos primeiras citações para o PEIC. Chytriomyces lucidus Karling é citado pela primeira vez para o Brasil e Entophlycis lobata Willoughby & Townley e Phlyctochytrium mucronatum Canter para o Estado de São Paulo. Os valores dos índices de diversidade de Shannon (H’), dominância de Simpson (D) e equitatividade (E), bem como o índice de similaridade de Sørensen (61,2%), indicaram uma micota diversa, com poucos táxons dominantes, a maioria presente tanto nas amostras de água como nas de solo. Aproximadamente 24% do total de táxons identificados cresceram em meio de cultura e foram caracterizados com base nos dados morfológicos e moleculares (regiões 18S, ITS e 28S do rDNA), com as sequências gênicas disponibilizadas no GenBank.
... In Brazil, the species P. dichotomum, P. uniforme, and P. utriforme are known to occur exclusively in the state of Piauí, all in the cerrado biome (Rocha 2002, Milanez et al. 2007). The species P. ramosum has the widest geographic distribution in the country, occurring in several types of biomes: in the state of Amazonas, in the Amazon forest (Silva 2002); in the state of Pernambuco, in the Atlantic forest (Cavalcanti 2001); in the state of Piauí, in the cerrado (Rocha 2002); in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the Atlantic forest (Beneke & Rogers 1970) and in the state of São Paulo, in the cerrado (Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002). In Brazil, the only report of species pathogenic to plants was P. ramosum in Saccharum officinarum. ...
... It also occurs in the state of Pernambuco, in Recife, in the Reserva Florestal Dois Irmãos (Cavalcanti 2001). In São Paulo, it occurs in the Guarapiranga reservoir (Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002). In the state of Amazonas it occurs in Manaus (Silva 2002) and in the state of Piauí, it occurs in the Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (Rocha 2002). ...
... Considering that there is little information on the diversity of fungi and zoosporic organisms in many ecosystems of great diversity, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas (Steciow et al. 2012), the results of this study are important as they extend ourknowledge of the geographical distribution of species of Pythiogeton, which, together with the localities already cited in the specialized literature (Beneke & Rogers 1970, Cavalcanti 2001, Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002, Rocha 2002, Silva 2002, Forzza et al. 2014, generate a new map of occurrence for the genus in Brazil (Fig. 5). ...
Little information can be found on the geographical distribution of the genus Pythiogeton in the world, particularly in South America. In research studies, the technique of multiple baiting has been used for the isolation of these organisms in order to identify the geographical distribution of the genus. One species, Pythiogeton utriforme Minden, has been reported for Argentina, occurring in Buenos Aires (Chascomus), and four for Brazil: P. dichotomum Tokunaga, in Piaui (Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades); P. ramosum Minden, in Rio de Janeiro (Parque Nacional de Itatiaia), Pernambuco (Reserva Florestal Dois Irmaos), Sao Paulo (Represa de Guarapiranga), Amazonas (Manaus) and Piaui (Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades); P. uniforme Lund, in Piaui (Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades); and P. utriforme Minden, in Piaui (Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades). Herein, thirteen new occurrences of these species are reported for six new localities (five in the state of Piaui and one in Maranhao), increasing the knowledge of the geographical distribution of Pythiogeton in the country. The occurrence of P. utriforme with a clearly aplerotic oospore as well as a plerotic oospore, a feature exclusive to Pythiogetonaceae M.W. Dick, is discussed. Internal proliferation of the oogonium, with the formation of a new oogonium with antheridia and oospore was also observed. Descriptions, with special emphasis on morphology, and a brief discussion on the taxonomy and distribution, including drawings and photographs, are presented.
... Las cápsulas fueron incubadas a temperatura ambiente (20-25 ºC), y se realizaron observaciones a los 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30 y 42 días mediante un microscopio óptico Olympus BX 40. Las identificaciones taxonómicas se realizaron a partir del reconocimiento de las estructuras reproductivas asexuales y sexuales según los trabajos de Coker (1923); Sparrow (1960); Seymour (1970); Karling (1977); Fuller & Jaworski (1987); Johnson et al. (2002) y Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002). Se calculó la riqueza (S), frecuencia (F) y abundancia (A) de la comunidad en el arroyo y en cada uno de los sitios de muestreo de acuerdo con Marano et al. (2008). ...
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las respuestas estructurales (densidad de organismos, biomasa total, biomasa autotrófica e índice autotrófico) y funcionales (producción primaria neta, respiración, producción primaria bruta y tasa de asimilación) del biofilm epipélico en tres sitios de un arroyo pampeano que presentan diferentes proporciones del uso del suelo expuesto a la urbanización. Los resultados mostraron que el aumento en el porcentaje del uso del suelo destinado a la urbanización fue evidenciado por los cambios en la calidad del agua y por los descriptores funcionales y estructurales del biofilm epipélico. En tal sentido, la calidad del agua disminuyó en los sitios más urbanizados como consecuencia principalmente del incremento de nutrientes. Esto repercutió en la producción primaria neta, la tasa de asimilación y el cociente producción primaria bruta/respiración, reflejando que el biofilm fue marcadamente autotrófico y más eficiente en términos fotosintéticos. Estos cambios en los descriptores metabólicos se condicen con el patrón seguido por la clorofila, que reflejó un cambio en el estado trófico de mesotrófico a eutrófico. Asimismo, la composición específica en aquellos sitios mostró cambios a favor del incremento de organismos tolerantes a la polución.
... Las cápsulas fueron incubadas a temperatura ambiente (20-25 ºC), y se realizaron observaciones a los 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30 y 42 días mediante un microscopio óptico Olympus BX 40. Las identificaciones taxonómicas se realizaron a partir del reconocimiento de las estructuras reproductivas asexuales y sexuales según los trabajos de Coker (1923); Sparrow (1960); Seymour (1970); Karling (1977); Fuller & Jaworski (1987); Johnson et al. (2002) y Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002). Se calculó la riqueza (S), frecuencia (F) y abundancia (A) de la comunidad en el arroyo y en cada uno de los sitios de muestreo de acuerdo con Marano et al. (2008). ...
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the structural (organisms density, total biomass, autotrophic biomass and autotrophic index) and functional (net primary production, respiration, gross primary production and assimilation rate) responses of the epipelic bioflm at three sites of a Pampean stream presenting different proportions of land use exposed to urbanization. The results showed that the increase in the percentage of land use destined to urbanization was evidenced by the changes in the water quality and by the functional and structural descriptors of the epipelic bioflm. In this regard, the quality of water diminished at the most urbanized sites mainly as a consequence of the nutrient increase. This affected the net primary production, the assimilation rate and the gross primary production/respiration ratio, reflecting that the biofilm was markedly autotrophic and more efficient photosynthetically. These changes in the metabolic descriptors are coincident with the pattern followed by the chlorophyll which reflected a change in the trophic state from mesotrophic to eutrophic. Likewise, the specific composition in those sites showed changes favoring the increase of organisms tolerant to pollution.
... O conhecimento desses organismos no Brasil ainda é bastante reduzido, conhecendo-se apenas 17,5% dos táxons já registrados no mundo (Kirk et al. 2008, Steciow et al. 2012, fato este devido principalmente ao reduzido número de especialistas, demonstrando não só a necessidade de dar continuidade aos estudos taxonômicos, mas também a ampliação de recursos humanos. A maioria dos estudos existentes concentra-se no Estado de São Paulo (Beneke & Rogers 1962, Rogers et al. 1970, Milanez & Trufem 1981, 1984, Schoenlein-Crusius et al. 1992, Milanez et al. 1994a, b, 1996, Pires-Zottarelli et al. 1995, 1996a,b, Schoenlein-Crusius & Milanez 1998, Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli 2002, Gomes & Pires-Zottarelli 2006, Pires-Zottarelli & Gomes 2007, Nascimento & Pires-Zottarelli 2009, 2010, Nascimento et al. 2011. Muitos deles foram desenvolvidos em áreas de Mata Atlântica do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), a maioria realizada na década de 1990, os quais muito contribuíram para o conhecimento da micota brasileira (Milanez et al. 1994b, 1996, Pires-Zottarelli et al. 1995, 1996a, b, Moreira 2006, Pires-Zottarelli & Rocha 2007. ...
Water and submerged mixed litter samples were collected from June 2011 to April 2012 to study the diversity of zoosporic organisms (Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Oomycota) from the stream Pirarungaua located in Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. In the laboratory, they were placed in Petri dishes and processed by the multiple baiting technique using cellulosic, queratinic, and chitinic baits. Forty-two taxa have been isolated and identified, 27 of them being at species level. Seven are new records for Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga: Cladochytrium setigerum Karling, Diplophlyctis intestina (Schenk) J. Schröt, Myzocytiopsis humana (Karling) M. W. Dick, Nowakowskiella elongata Karling, Nowakowskiella multispora Karling, Plectospira myriandra Drechsler, and Pythium graminicola Subramanian, which are described, commented and illustrated. Myzocytiopsis humana is reported for the first time in Brazil.
... Pesquisas realizadas sobre a diversidade de fungos zoospóricos têm possibilitado o isolamento desses organismos, contribuindo para os seus registros no Brasil (Milanez, 1984;Pires-Zottarelli & Milanez, 1993;Rocha et al., 2001;Rocha, 2002;Rocha, M., 2002;Milanez et al., 2007;Gomes & Pires-Zottarelli, 2008). ...
It is the first reported occurrence for Brevilegnia linearis Coker in lagoons in the city of Teresina, Piauí, and the first record for the federal state. Water samples were collected with the aid of cellulosic, chitinous and keratin substrates. Then the isolated and identified strains were included in the Culture Collection of zoosporic Fungi at the Federal University of Piauí. Analyses with Brevilegnia linearis Coker were reported in some studies, but this is the second occurrence of this species in the Northeast of Brazil. Resumo É relatada a primeira ocorrência para Brevilegnia linearis Coker em lagoas na cidade de Teresina, Piauí, sendo este, o primeiro registro para o Estado. As amostras de água foram transportadas em frascos de Wheaton (100ml) e iscadas com o auxílio de substratos celulósicos, quitinosos e queratinosos. Em seguida, as linhagens isoladas e identificadas foram incluídas na Coleção de Culturas de fungos zoospóricos na Universidade Federal do Piauí. As análises com Brevilegnia linearis Coker foram relatadas em alguns estudos, porém esta é a segunda ocorrência desta espécie para o Nordeste do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Oomycota, organismos zoospóricos, nova distribuição. Introdução Fungos zoospóricos são descritos por Kirk et al. (2001), como organismos flagelados, distribuídos em três Reinos, sendo sua diversidade estimada em aproximadamente 1998 espécies. Alexopoulos et al. (1996), afirmam que os fungos zoospóricos são organismos aquáticos, encontrados tanto em ambientes continentais e marinhos, podendo ser terrestres, de ambientes úmidos ou secos. Apresentam em seu organismo uma ou mais células flageladas móveis, com estruturas de reprodução assexuada (zoósporos) e sexuadas (planogametas). Sparrow (1960) afirma que grande parte dos fungos zoospóricos são sapóbrios sobre detritos animais e vegetais presentes em águas ou solos, servindo como decompositores dos ambientes naturais, juntamente com as bactérias. Alguns podem ser parasitas de algas, plantas aquáticas e terrestres, outros fungos, ovos de animais microscópicos, carapaças de
... A ocorrência de zoosporângios exo e/ou endoperculados, parede lisa, mas tornando-se enrugada na maturidade, com coloração de hialina a acinzentada, rizóides extensivos e geralmente constritos, são características marcantes desta espécie. A espécie apresentou crescimento em substratos celulósicos, concordando com Karling (1947b), Dogma Jr. (1974a e Rocha & Pires-Zottarelli (2002), o que sugere a especificidade da espécie com este tipo de substrato. A primeira citação desta espécie no Brasil é de Karling (1947b), que a isolou de amostras de solo coletadas em São Carlos (RO). ...
Two areas of Cerrado ("A" and "B") at different preservation stages were selected at the "Reserva Biológica de Mogi Guaçu", São Paulo state, to survey zoosporic fungi diversity. Water and soil samples were collected during the rainy (January and October 2008) and dry seasons (April and July 2008), every three months, at six sampling sites in areas "A" and "B". 434 specimens were obtained using the multiple baiting technique with cellulosic, chitinous and keratinous substrates, which are specific for the isolation of aerobic, parasitic or saprobial fungi. 38 species were identified, belonging to Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Oomycota. Of these, 31 species are cited for the reserve for the first time. The results increased our knowledge of the occurrence of the organisms from Cerrado in São Paulo state and Brazil, complementing previous studies in the Reserve.
