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Figura n° 5: La revolución fosilenergética: crecimiento del uso de energía desde el año 1860 y decrecimiento de recursos fosilenergéticos globales
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This article analyzes the history of the environmental principal of sustainability in agrarian and industrial cultures. Its example is Central Europe between the Middle Ages and the 21st century. After the great deforestation of the 12th century, and reaching the limits of the region’s carrying capacity in the 15th century, the European seignorial-...
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This article analyzes the history of the environmental principal of sustainability in agrarian and industrial cultures. Its example is Central Europe between the Middle Ages and the 21st century. After the great deforestation of the 12th century, and reaching the limits of the region’s carrying capacity in the 15th century, the European seignorial-...
Citations
... For example; Sieferle (2003), considers that the ecological problems of society were oriented in the overexploitation of forests and their derivatives, based on the nature of agrarian civilizations and the industrial revolution. To quote Marquardt (2006) when the land was used to the limits of its ecological carrying capacity, there was systematic pressure to create lasting sustainability and standardize a system of standards for the use of the environment (p.172). ...
The goal of this study discusses the frequency of use the term sustainable or sustainability translated in Spanish as sustentable or sostenible. Also, it is necessary to say that the problem is just regarding to the writing of this expression, but not the semantic meaning. It is important to clarify that, during this time has been a huge controversy, especially when this concept is writing in the spanish langue. In fact, there is a duality when authors write down in spanish sostenible or sustentable, because dictionaries argue that the word sustentable does not exist. So, in order to accomplish this goal, the first part is explained the origins of this word, then has been made a literature review based on the cooper taxonomy (1998). Also, the systematic review (Cochran Manual) analyzed the documents from many digital sources particularly those from government, institutions and plans or projects to comprehend the most practical use of these words. Finally, the results shown that there is no perfect use; the term is applied according to the context, but the semantic meaning represent the description of the study object.
... The ancient writers of China, Greece, and Rome formulated the ideas of sustainability, such as living in harmony with nature and neighbors (Gaarder 1994; Mebratu 1998; Pretty 2008 ). In 1713, Hans Carlowitz (1645–1714) developed a theory of optimal forest use in the proto-industries of iron and silver mining, stating that production volume of the industry could not be more than the rate of forest reproduction (Marquardt 2006). In 1798, Thomas Malthus stated in his essay on the principle of populations that they tend to increase until the resources are highly reduced, with only those populations surviving that can adapt to such situations (Stokstad 2005). ...
For the socioeconomic and environmental importance of cattle production worldwide, we identify the origin, evolution, and epistemological perspectives of sustainability and its application in livestock agroecosystems. In this context, the concept has been empirically addressed using four themes, which are not exclusive but we consider they are relevant to agricultural sustainability: neo-economical, ecological–environmental, socio-anthropological, and technical–biological, which have been influenced by two strong scientific traditions, Aristotelian and Galilean. We conclude that although academic disciplines seek to adopt systemic approaches in their studies of sustainability, they are driven by reductionist and epistemological influences. In this sense, we consider the technical–biological perspective, which operates with an agroecological approach, as the best perspective that will contribute to the design and the development of sustainable livestock agroecosystems and, in addition, when its studies transcend to its application on plot or field to an agroecosystem or food system scale.
La creciente demanda de agua, en cantidad y calidad, percibida en los países en desarrollo, debido a la intención de satisfacer las múltiples necesidades de una cada vez mayor población urbana que busca mejorar su nivel de vida, ejerce permanente presión sobre los gestores del agua, a base de la mejora constante de su desempeño y los obliga a replantearse su plan de acción, hasta ahora inconsistente y trivial en la mayoría de ellos, comprometiendo el equilibrio entre los aspectos que se involucran en el servicio de abastecimiento de agua. Mejorar el desempeño de los abastecimientos les significará que deben convertirse, temprano mejor que tarde, en gestores de sistemas de agua sostenibles, siempre que se comprendan bien y acaten las normas y políticas recomendadas para este fin, con sensatez y disciplina, por todos los involucrados del escenario hídrico urbano. Por nuestra parte, conocedores que la optimización del desempeño en los abastecimientos de agua aún debe concretarse y plantearse de forma más comprensible, práctica y sencilla para todos los organismos operadores del entorno, en un lenguaje técnico específico e integral, nace este trabajo de investigación para adaptar un primer conjunto de indicadores sociales, económicos y ambientales que permitan diagnosticar la sostenibilidad en sistemas urbanos de agua potable mediante el Índice de Sostenibilidad de Abastecimientos - ISA -; y con base en ello, su clasificación y posterior selección de alternativas generales para ser incluidas en un plan de medidas que permita mejorarla. El método ISA aquí propuesto, se evalúa mediante la intervención y puesta en práctica en varios abastecimientos de agua del Ecuador. Buscándose recabar siempre las mejores experiencias, conclusiones y recomendaciones aprovechables en los países aún en vías de desarrollo.
