Figura 6 - uploaded by Sebastian Stenglein
Content may be subject to copyright.
Índice de severidad (%) ocasionado por los cuarenta aislamientos de Alternaria testeados en hojas de cinco cultivares de trigo.
Context in source publication
Context 1
... mismas en 2 grupos dife- renciados significativamente, A. infectoria de A. alternata (Fig. 5). También se probaron las diferencias mínimas significativas para los cultivares analizados. Hubo dife- rencias en el comportamiento de los cultivares de trigo frente a los aislamientos del hongo en cuanto a la seve- ridad e incidencia de la enfermedad (Fig. 6, Fig. 7). ...
Similar publications
Bu çalışmada 39 oleik tip aspir genotipinin doğal tarla koşulları altında
Alternaria yaprak lekesi hastalığına karşı dayanıklılık bakımından
reaksiyonları incelenmiştir. 2020 üretim döneminde Trakya Tarımsal
Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü bünyesindeki aspir deneme tarlalarında ekili
bulunan oleik tipteki genotipler, 0-5 skalasına göre değerlendirilm...
Citations
... The flour and pasta obtained from infected wheat grain frequently present unpleasant color and odor (Rodríguez et al., 2009). Perelló et al. (2015) reported that the increase in the amount of BP during milling, causes deterioration on the pasta visual quality, and affects the yield of semolina of durum wheat (García et al., 2012). In countries such as Canada, the United States of America, and Australia, penalties are imposed when the grain present a percentage of BP above 10, 2, and 5% in the case of soft wheat, and 5, 2, and 5% for durum wheat, respectively (Australian Wheat Board, 2000, cited by García et al., 2012). ...
The organic fungicides Cu ProtectiveR, PHC MilStop PlusR, CYR MEGAR, and FulciteR were evaluated for control of black point of wheat at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the crop season 2020-2021. Durum wheat commercial cultivar CIRNO C2008 was used for this evaluation by sowing on December 1, 2020, in an organic certified plot with a seed density of 70 kg ha-1. Four complementary irrigations were applied in addition to the irrigation for seed germination. Weed control was done manually. The organic fungicides were applied 83 and 111 days after sowing (grain filling and physiological maturity, respectively) with a Swissmex back pack sprayer (10 liter capacity) at the rates of 2.0, 1.5, and 6.0 liters of commercial product, as well as 7.0 grams, respectively for a volume of 300 L of water. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, the experimental plot consisted of three beds with double row 5 m long, and beds separated by 0.80 m, and the experimental unit consisted of one bed with two rows 1 m long. Harvest was done manually with a sickle and threshing with a Pullman stationary machine. The percentage of infected grains was calculated by counting infected and healthy grain from a sample of 100 from each experimental unit. The ANOVA was performed with the MSTAT version 2.10 and the mean comparison with the LSD test (p= 0.05). The average percentage of infected grains was 3.33, 4.33, 4.67, 9.67, and 16.25% for Cu ProtectiveR, PHC MilStop PlusR, CYR MEGAR, FulciteR, and the untreated check, respectively. The first three were statistically similar, different to FulciteR and the untreated check, and FulciteR was different than the untreated check. The biological effectiveness of Cu ProtectiveR, PHC MilStop PlusR, CYR MEGAR, and FulciteR for control of black point of wheat was 79.4, 73.3, 71.2, and 40.5%, respectively.
... Alternaria tenuissinna is present in wheat crops (Perello et al., 2015). These species produce mycotoxins that can be present in products such as flour, concentrates and processed foods, and can seriously affect human and animal health (Pavón et al., 2012). ...
... El hongo A. alternata ha sido aislada de semillas de trigo (Bautista et al., 2011) y Leucaena (Lezcano et al., 2010), en avena causa tizón foliar (García et al., 2013), pudriciones en frutales (Mariscal et al., 2017;Ruiz et al, 2017) y hortalizas (Fraire et al., 2010). El efecto de muchos hongos en pastos perennes puede ser patogénico (Kononenko et al., 2015;Masi et al., 2017) y/o potencializar su resistencia a diversidad de presiones ambientales (Ali et al., 2017); por su parte, A. tenuissinna está presente en cultivos de trigo (Perello et al., 2015). Estas especies producen micotoxinas que pueden estar presentes en productos como harinas, concentrados y alimentos procesados, afectando seriamente la salud humana y animal (Pavón et al., 2012). ...
La semilla es una importante forma de diseminación de patógenos; para determinar aquellos asociados a semilla comercial de variedades de pasto Banderita: NdeM-La Zarca, NdeM-303, NdeM-5, NdeM-Zenith, NdeM-La resolana, se analizaron tres tipos de propágulo: espiguillas completas (cariópside + brácteas accesorias; M1), cariópside únicamente con lemas (M2) y cariópsides limpios (M3), provenientes de lotes del Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, cosechados en 2017. Para promover el desarrollo de hongos, se sembraron espiguillas (M1) en cámara de humedad; mientras que M2 y M3 fueron sembradas en medio PDA (cinco propágulos por caja Petri y 60 cajas por variedad); posteriormente, los crecimientos se aislaron en medios selectivos. Los aislados se identificaron por características del cultivo, morfológicas y moleculares. Se obtuvieron 51 aislamientos en los tres tipos de propágulo y variedades; los cuales, se asociaron a Alternaria alternata y A. tenuissima (67% de frecuencia), Fusarium scirpi y F. incarnatum (24%) y Bipolaris cynodontis (9%). Ninguna de estas especies ha sido reportada anteriormente en México para semilla comercial de B. curtipendula. Con lo anterior, se abre un panorama de opciones para futuros estudios de patogenicidad de los hongos aislados y en consecuencia el manejo sanitario de la semilla producida.
... En México, en cultivos comerciales de cártamo, particularmente en el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora, se ha aislado e identificado en la periferia de manchas foliares de la enfermedad denominada falsa cenicilla (Quintana-Obregón et al., 2011;Quintana-Obregón et al., 2013a). El género también está reportado en otros cultivos como manzanos, perales, brócoli, y trigo entre otros, afectando la producción y las ganancias del agricultor (Tietjen et al., 1983;Mortensen et al., 1983;Jones y Aldwinckle, 2002;Fraire-Cordero et al., 2010;Perelló et al., 2015;Woudenberg et al., 2015). ...
Background: The genus Alternaria in safflower is naturally occurring and synthetic pesticides are commonly used. In substitution of these compounds the use natural compounds such as essential oils (for example terpene) are alternative possible as antifungal in Alternaria.
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of an orange terpenes mix against Alternaria tenuissima isolated from safflower.
Methods: The volatile composition of a terpene mixture was quantified with mass-coupled gas chromatography. The minimum inhibi-tory concentration and mean inhibitory concentration were calculated from the radial growth in A. tenuissima and its effect on spore germination and morphometric parameters was evaluated.
Results and conclusions: A. tenuissima showed an incidence of 13.31±2.19 % in safflower seed. A composition of 96 % D-limonene in orange terpenes was determinate. Germination of A. tenuissima spores was inhibited at 538 ppm of terpenes. The orange terpenes can be an alternative for the control of A. tenuissima.
... Some of the fungal diseases are seed-borne and transmitted through seeds ( Mathur & Cunfer 1993;Agrios 2005;Fakhrunnisa et al. 2006). Of the various fungal organisms associated with wheat, members of Alternaria complex reduce germination and vigor of wheat seed and cause seedling blight disease in Argentina ( Perell o & Larr an 2013;Perell o et al. 2015). Alternaria arborescens is a ubiquitous fungus that can be found in many kinds of plants such as wheat ( Patriarca et al. 2007). ...
... Alternaria arborescens is a ubiquitous fungus that can be found in many kinds of plants such as wheat ( Patriarca et al. 2007). Inoculations on wheat grains in Argentina showed the pathogenicity of isolates and symptoms of discoloration, blight and spots on seedlings leaves, radicular necrosis and weakness of emerged plants ( Perell o et al. 2015). Moreover, A. arborescens can produce several mycotoxins, such as alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid and phytotoxins, such as the AAL toxins ( Gargouri-Kammoun et al. 2014;Vaquera et al. 2014). ...
... The culture of A. arborescens Aa 2113 used in this study was previously characterized by its morphobiometrical and molecular features ( Perell o et al. 2015) and stored at 5 C in the refrigerator at the culture collection of CIDEFI-FCAyF UNLP, Argentina. The fungus was transferred to Petri dishes containing potato carrot agar (PCA) (20 g potato, 20 g carrot, agar powder and 800 mL of distilled water). ...
Alternaria spp. are among the major fungal contaminants of wheat grain under postharvest and storage conditions, where A. arborescens was recently detected as a new member of this complex in Argentina causing black point. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of some biorational agents to control A. arborescens and their plant growth promoting of wheat. Seed treatments with spore suspensions of Trichoderma harzianum and Eppicoccum nigrum, extracts from Lippia alba and garlic, sodium bicarbonate, salicylic acid (SA), potassium chloride and dibasic sodium phosphate (SP) were applied to grains of wheat cultivar BIOINTA 1004 before their inoculation with the pathogen. After 7 days, seed germination and infection, necrotic symptoms on emerged seedlings and fresh weight were evaluated. Remarkable results were obtained with L. alba, SA and SP treatments that reduced symptoms markedly compared with the control. Interestingly, necrosis of radicles was significantly reduced by the application of all treatments tested. Moreover, fresh weight of seedlings was significantly increased with the application of the two antagonists, diluted garlic juice and the three tested salts in comparison with controls. Therefore, a positive role as growth promoters can be elucidated. It is concluded that compounds here tested have potential as ecofriendly alternatives to control seed-borne Alternaria fungi of wheat.
Phytopathogenic fungi attack many agricultural crops such as yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hil.). An innovative alternative for pest control is the use of biocontrol fungi of Trichoderma genus. The objectives of the present work were to isolate the fungal agents that cause foliar lesions in yerba mate, and to evaluate the antagonistic capacity of native Trichoderma sp. isolates against pathogens in this crop. From diseased plant-tissues, a phytopathogenic fungus belonging to Alternaria alternata species was isolated and identified morphologically and molecularly. Pathogenicity assays were done on yerba mate plants in triplicate. Superficial mechanical lesions were made on them and the phytopathogenic isolation obtained (conidia and mycelium) was inoculated to evaluate their phytopathogenic capacity. New dual culture methods were determined to evaluate in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma. The in vitro biocontrol capacity of 30 Trichoderma isolates was evaluated against the phytopathogenic isolation obtained. As a positive control, a strain isolated from a commercial fungicide product based on T. harzianum was used. It was determined that 18 of the 30 isolates of Trichoderma inhibited the growth of the phytopathogen A. alternata by more than 50%, and presented statistically significant differences with respect to the positive control. These results confirm the effectiveness of using native biocontrol isolates adapted to the climatic and soil conditions where the phytopathogenic microorganisms are found.
Alternaria arborescens was recently detected as a new member of the Alternaria spp. complex causing black point in Argentina. Seed treatments with Trichoderma harzianum and Epicoccum nigrum, Lippia alba and garlic extracts; sodium bicarbonate (SB), salicylic acid (SA), potassium chloride (PC) and sodium phosphate dibasic (SP) were applied to grains of wheat cv BIOINTA 1004 previously to the infection with the pathogen following ISTA (blotter method) rules. After 7 days, seed germination, infected seeds, necrotic symptoms of emerged seedlings and fresh weight were evaluated. Remarkable results were obtained with L. alba, SA and SP that reduced symptoms from 50 to 78% compared with the control. Necrosis of radicles was significantly reduced by the application of all treatments tested. Moreover, fresh weight of seedlings was significantly increased with the application of the two antagonists, garlic and the three tested salts in comparison with control. It is concluded that compounds here tested have potential as biofertilizers and ecofriendly alternatives to control seed-borne fungi of wheat.
Key words: wheat, Alternaria, seedborne-fungi, biofungicides
