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Principales localidades fosilíferas de la Formación San Julián en el bajo de San Julián y alrededores de Puerto San Julián.
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... The set of selachian records here described is in agreement with previous paleobiogeographical proposals based on other lines of evidence. Southern Patagonian faunas (Austral Basin) include cold-water taxa forming part of the 'Weddelian Bioprovince,' which also includes the seas covering Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, and Antarctica (Fleming, 1963;Kauffman, 1973;Zinsmeister, 1979;Camacho, 1992;Griffin and H€ unicken, 1994;Casad ıo, 1998;del R ıo, 2002;Aguirre-Urreta et al., 2008). This is also supported by geological data suggesting that southern Patagonia showed an oceanic circulation pattern totally different from that seen in northern Patagonia and other localities (Ciesielski et al., 1977). ...
We describe isolated shark teeth collected in levels of the Calafate Formation (Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) on the southeast coast of Argentino Lake, Calafate City, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The teeth belong to the hexanchiform Notidanodon dentatus, a new species of the squaliform Protosqualus, and an indeterminate species of the echinorhiniform genus Echinorhinus. The record of Notidanodon constitutes the first in South America. The report of Notidanodon associated with plesiosaur remains is in accordance with previous records from around the world. Protosqualus argentinensis, nov. sp., which is the first record of the genus in South America, is characterized by having teeth with a apicobasally tall root and serrated cutting edges, among other features. Echinorhinus sp. constitutes one of the oldest records of this genus on the continent and one of the few Mesozoic records worldwide. This shark association is clearly distinct from coeval selachian faunas from northern Patagonia, which exhibit clear Tethyan influences. Instead, it shows some similarities to other high-latitude selachian faunas, including Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. It is possible that the Cretaceous selachian assemblages of Patagonia may be separated into two different associations: northern Patagonian faunas are related to more temperate associations of lower paleolatitudes, whereas those of southern Patagonia are closer to other southern localities.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2436DBE8-62E9-4D9DA4FA-8C0F0DBC8C47Citation for this article: Bogan, S., F. L. Agnolin, and F. E. Novas. 2016. New selachian records from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Patagonia: paleobiogeographical implications and the description of a new taxon. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1105235.
... The similarity of echinoid faunas between Australia and New Zealand has been explained by the existence of recurring trans-Tasman faunal exchanges between southeastern Australia and New Zealand throughout the Cenozoic (Foster and Philip 1978;Saucède et al. 2013). The existence of a faunal connectivity between New Zealand and southern South America is more atypical, though it was demonstrated by previous authors (Beu et al. 1997;Del Rio 2002;Saucède et al. 2013) to have occurred in some benthic invertebrates since the Oligocene owing to dispersal through the Antarctic circumpolar current at its early stages of development (Lawver and Gahagan 2003). In echinoids, the two genera Pseudechinus and Austrocidaris are present off the coasts of New Zealand and southern Chile, but they both diversified into distinct species on each side of the South Pacific Ocean (Pierrat et al. 2012b). ...
Sterechinus is a very common echinoid genus in benthic communities of the Southern Ocean. It is widely distributed across the Antarctic and South Atlantic Oceans and has been the most frequently collected and intensively studied Antarctic echinoid. Despite the abundant literature devoted to Sterechinus, few studies have questioned the systematics of the genus. Sterechinus bernasconiae is the only species of Sterechinus reported from the Pacific Ocean and is only known from the few specimens of the original material. Based on new material collected during the oceanographic cruise INSPIRE on board the R/V Melville, the taxonomy and phylogenetic position of the species are revised. Molecular and morphological analyses show that S. bernasconiae is a subjective junior synonym of Gracilechinus multidentatus (Clark). Results also show the existence of two genetically distinct subclades within the so-called Sterechinus clade: a Sterechinus neumayeri subclade and a subclade composed of other Sterechinus species. The three nominal species Sterechinus antarcticus, Sterechinus diadema, and Sterechinus agassizi cluster together and cannot be distinguished. The species Sterechinus dentifer is weakly differentiated from these three nominal species. The elucidation of phylogenetic relationships between G. multidentatus and species of Sterechinus also allows for clarification of respective biogeographic distributions and emphasizes the putative role played by biotic exclusion in the spatial distribution of species.
... In Antarctic echinoids as in other marine taxa, biogeographic structuring has been shaped by the long history of the Gondwanan break up and subsequent tectonic drift of continental shelf margins (South Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia, and New Zealand) that were once grouped together. This has been accompanied by the onset of the southern Pacific and circumpolar Antarctic surface currents during the Cenozoic, which led to the emergence of distinct marine provinces by vicariance (Zinsmeister 1979, 1981, Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980, Beu et al. 1997, Del Rio 2002, Linse et al. 2006, Pearse et al. 2009). ...
The "Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean" is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The "Biogeographic Atlas" is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds-Ecosys-tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems).
... In Antarctic echinoids as in other marine taxa, biogeographic structuring has been shaped by the long history of the Gondwanan break up and subsequent tectonic drift of continental shelf margins (South Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia, and New Zealand) that were once grouped together. This has been accompanied by the onset of the southern Pacific and circumpolar Antarctic surface currents during the Cenozoic, which led to the emergence of distinct marine provinces by vicariance (Zinsmeister 1979, 1981, Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980, Beu et al. 1997, Del Rio 2002, Linse et al. 2006, Pearse et al. 2009). ...
The "Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean" is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The "Biogeographic Atlas" is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds-Ecosys-tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems).
... If part of Antarctic fauna clearly evolved key features that result from adaptation to polar conditions and allowed them to expand their distribution ranges in the Southern Ocean, as well-illustrated in cryopelagic communities and in penguins, adaptation alone does not account for the idiosyncratic structure and distinctiveness of Antarctic biodiversity (Eastman & McCune 2000, Poulin et al. 2002, Pearse et al. 2009). Characteristics of the Antarctic diversity with no equivalent in the Arctic, nor anywhere else in the world's ocean have been shaped by the unique tectonic, oceanographic and climatic history of the Antarctic continent that has played a determinant part in structuring the biogeography and diversity of modern faunas (Zinsmeister 1979, 1981, Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980, Beu et al. 1997, Del Rio 2002, Pearse et al. 2009, Krug et al. 2010, Patarnello et al. 2011, and in which adaptative radiations and diversification, selective extinction and dispersal have all had a role (Rogers 2007, Pearse et al. 2009, Krug et al. 2010). Based on current literature, major events of the Antarctic history, the corresponding forcing factors, associated biogeographic processes and resulting biogeographic patterns are documented in Table 1 for several marine groups. ...
... There is little evidence of vicariance over long-distance dispersal in southern temperate seas (Bowen et al. 2001, Waters 2008. In contrast, in the Southern Ocean there is a large body of evidence that the long and polyphase tectonic drift and isolation of once unified continental shelves (South Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand) along with the onset of the ACC during the Cenozoic led to the emergence of distinct marine provinces by vicariance (Zinsmeister 1979, 1981, Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980, Beu et al. 1997, Del Rio 2002, Linse et al. 2006. Vicariance scenarios are supported by the congruence between time estimates of clade divergence and those of geographic, oceanographic and climatic events (Table 1). ...
... If part of Antarctic fauna clearly evolved key features that result from adaptation to polar conditions and allowed them to expand their distribution ranges in the Southern Ocean, as well-illustrated in cryopelagic communities and in penguins, adaptation alone does not account for the idiosyncratic structure and distinctiveness of Antarctic biodiversity (Eastman & McCune 2000, Poulin et al. 2002, Pearse et al. 2009). Characteristics of the Antarctic diversity with no equivalent in the Arctic, nor anywhere else in the world's ocean have been shaped by the unique tectonic, oceanographic and climatic history of the Antarctic continent that has played a determinant part in structuring the biogeography and diversity of modern faunas (Zinsmeister 1979, 1981, Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980, Beu et al. 1997, Del Rio 2002, Pearse et al. 2009, Krug et al. 2010, Patarnello et al. 2011, and in which adaptative radiations and diversification, selective extinction and dispersal have all had a role (Rogers 2007, Pearse et al. 2009, Krug et al. 2010). Based on current literature, major events of the Antarctic history, the corresponding forcing factors, associated biogeographic processes and resulting biogeographic patterns are documented in Table 1 for several marine groups. ...
... There is little evidence of vicariance over long-distance dispersal in southern temperate seas (Bowen et al. 2001, Waters 2008. In contrast, in the Southern Ocean there is a large body of evidence that the long and polyphase tectonic drift and isolation of once unified continental shelves (South Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand) along with the onset of the ACC during the Cenozoic led to the emergence of distinct marine provinces by vicariance (Zinsmeister 1979, 1981, Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980, Beu et al. 1997, Del Rio 2002, Linse et al. 2006. Vicariance scenarios are supported by the congruence between time estimates of clade divergence and those of geographic, oceanographic and climatic events (Table 1). ...
The "Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean" is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The "Biogeographic Atlas" is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds-Ecosys-tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems).
... In Antarctic echinoids as in other marine taxa, biogeographic structuring has been shaped by the long history of the Gondwanan break up and subsequent tectonic drift of continental shelf margins (South Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia, and New Zealand) that were once grouped together. This has been accompanied by the onset of the southern Pacific and circumpolar Antarctic surface currents during the Cenozoic, which led to the emergence of distinct marine provinces by vicariance (Zinsmeister 1979, 1981, Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980, Beu et al. 1997, Del Rio 2002, Linse et al. 2006, Pearse et al. 2009). ...
... Earth history has had a deep influence on the evolution of the biosphere and consequently on the distribution of life through time. Regarding the Southern Ocean, the final break-up of Gondwana followed by the onset of the southern Pacific and Antarctic circumpolar surface currents during the Cenozoic have had a determinant role explaining the biogeography and diversity of modern Austral faunas (Zinsmeister 1979(Zinsmeister , 1981Zinsmeister & Camacho 1980;Beu et al. 1997;Del Rio 2002;Pearse et al. 2009). Such events are considered to have promoted the two biogeographic processes that have long been invoked to explain the geographically discontinuous distribution patterns of taxa on Earth, namely (1) divergence by vicariance, an outcome of the fragmentation of Gondwana, and (2) dispersal, alternatively promoted or restricted in particular directions by southern surface currents. ...
... The onset of a southern Pacific surface current followed by the Antarctic circumpolar current in the Late Eocene was also considered to have influenced the evolution of Austral biogeography (Beu et al. 1997;Pearse et al. 2009). Hence, Beu et al. (1997) and Del Rio (2002) highlighted the existence of faunal similarities between New Zealand and southern South America owing to both eastward and westward dispersals from the Oligocene to the Holocene, while Pearse et al. (2009) stressed the role of the Antarctic circumpolar current in promoting speciation within brooding clades of the Southern Ocean. ...
... The genera Schizaster, Linthia, Austrocidaris and Prionocidaris (the Patagonian species 'Cidaris' antarctica Loriol (1902) and 'Cidaris' julianensis Loriol (1902) show strong similarities with species of the genus Prionocidaris to which they are herein assigned) have a widespread distribution that supports long-distance connections from Australia to southern Argentina (Schizaster and Linthia) and to the Antarctic Peninsula (Austrocidaris) as well as between New Zealand and southern Argentina (Prionocidaris). These southern Trans-Pacific connections between southern Argentina, New Zealand and southeastern Australia are consistent with geographic and oceanographic reconstructions for that time (Lawver & Gahagan 2003) and congruent with other palaeontological studies based on echinoids (Hotchkiss 1982) and molluscs (Beu et al. 1997;Del Rio 2002). These connections can be interpreted either as an inheritance of the Zinsmeister's (1979) Weddellian province, which could explain the distribution of the genus Schizaster, mentioned in South Argentina in the Late Cretaceous (Parma & Casadio 2005), or as the result of dispersal through the cool surface current that circulated along the Pacific margin of Antarctica (Zinsmeister 1979;Beu et al. 1997;Lawver & Gahagan 2003). ...
Few studies have been devoted to the palaeobiogeography of Antarctic echinoids, all of them analysing and discussing distribution patterns in a qualitative way. The present work aims at exploring the evolution of palaeobiogeographic relationships of Austral echinoid faunas through four time intervals, from the Maastrichtian to the present day, using a quantitative approach: the Bootstrapped Spanning Network procedure. Analyses were successfully performed and improve our knowledge of biogeographic relationships between the different Austral regions. Biogeographic maps were produced that can be easily and intuitively discussed. Our results mostly agree with palaeobiogeographic studies performed on other benthic invertebrates and are congruent with the palaeogeographic evolution of Antarctica. However, two main points markedly contrast with other works: there is no evidence of an Austral provincialism at the end of the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic, and echinoid data suggest isolation of southern Argentina from other Austral regions, including Antarctica, in the Early Miocene.
... Neogene marine deposits of Patagonia, outcropping extensively along the Atlantic coast of the Río Negro, Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces, Argentina, contain extremely abundant and diverse trace fossils. Although the body fossils and sedimentary facies of these successions have received considerable attention (Frenguelli, 1929;Feruglio, 1949;Expósito, 1977;Cione, 1978;Bellosi, 1987Bellosi, , 1995Bellosi & Barreda, 1993;Paredes, 2002;del Río, 2002), ichnologic aspects have been addressed only recently (Lech et al., 2000;Carmona et al., 2002;Buatois et al., 2003a;Scasso & Bellosi, 2004;Carmona, 2005;Olivero & López-Cabrera, 2005;Carmona et al., 2006;Parras & Griffi n, 2009;Cuitiño & Scasso, 2010). ...
... Neogene marine deposits of Patagonia, outcropping extensively along the Atlantic coast of the Río Negro, Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces, Argentina, contain extremely abundant and diverse trace fossils. Although the body fossils and sedimentary facies of these successions have received considerable attention (Frenguelli, 1929; Feruglio, 1949; Expósito, 1977; Cione, 1978; Bellosi, 1987 Bellosi, , 1995 Bellosi & Barreda, 1993; Paredes, 2002; del Río, 2002), ichnologic aspects have been addressed only recently (Lech et al., 2000; Carmona et al., 2002; Scasso & Bellosi, 2004; Carmona, 2005; Olivero & López-Cabrera, 2005; Carmona et al., 2006; Parras & Griffi n, 2009; Cuitiño & Scasso, 2010). Therefore, the main purposes of this paper are to: (i) characterize and illustrate the most representative trace fossils from the Neogene marine deposits of Patagonia; (ii) describe the typical ichnoassemblages found in both open-marine and brackish-water deposits, as well as the trace-fossil suites that occur in fi rmgrounds, evaluating their paleoecology and ethology; (iii) analyze this ichnofauna considering local paleoceanographic conditions; and (iv) understand these ichnoassemblages with respect to secular changes in bioturbation linked to the development of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna. ...
Ichnology, the study of traces, is a fast growing field that feeds from different and diverse disciplinessuch as sedimentology, stratigraphy, biology andpaleontology. The special publication “Ichnology of Latin America - Selected Papers” arose after the Latin American Symposium on Ichnology 2010 (SLIC2010) that was held from October 30th to November7th, 2010, in Sao Leopoldo, south of Brazil. About eighty participants attended the conference, representing 21 institutions from South America, 1 from Central America, 3 from North America, 3 from Europe, and 1 from Asia. The ichnologic community of Latin America is not only one of the largest, but also one of the most active. In that sense, it was worthy to produce this special volume as a synthesis of the current knowledge of ichnology in Latin America. Two papers address the importance of the trace fossils in the terminal Proterozoic-early Phanerozoic successions of South America. Netto (p. 15-26) synthesizes the knowledge of biogenic structures, body fossils and microbially induced sedimentary structures of the terminal Proterozoic basins of southern Brazil, and discusses the possible relationship between these bedsand those from the Avalonian terrane. Buatois & Mángano (p. 27-36) review the ichnology of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Puncoviscana Formation of the North of Argentina from a paleoecologic and macroevolutionary perspective, emphasizing the importance of the feeding strategies related to microbial matgrounds recordedin this succession, as well as the appearance of new body plans and sophisticated feeding strategies. The other contributions explore part of the Phanerozoic ichnologic record in Latin America. Netto et al. (p. 37-68) make a synthetic review of the ichnology of the Paraná Basin in southern Brazil, with emphasis in the invertebrate record. Alonzo-Muruaga et al. (p. 69-81) present the state-of-art of the ichnology of the Upper Paleozoic deposits of Paganzo and Callingasta-Uspallata basins, in the northwestern Argentina. Carmona et al. (p. 83-97) characterize the most representative trace fossils from the Neogene marine deposits of Patagonia (southeastern Argentina), providing an analysis of this ichnofauna considering local paleoceanographic conditions and exploring its relation with the establishment of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna. VillegasMartín & Rojas-Consuegra (p. 99-106) synthesize the knowledge of the Cuban ichnology through the analysis of the existing literature and the material available in collections. These authors also discuss the future perspectives of thisdiscipline in Cuba. Finally, Souto (p. 107-115) over-views the records of vertebrate’s coprolites found indifferent units of Latin America, providing a general evaluation of morphologic aspects necessary todescribe these structures, and introducing the new methods to study them. Some case studies are also presented herein, reflecting the emergent ichnological research in Latin America. Invertebrate and vertebrate bioturbaton as well as bioerosion are the main addressed themes. Souza et al. (p. 119-128) present an initial approach to the ichnology of the Lower Devonian Maecuru Formation (Amazonas Basin, northern Brazil). Dentzien-Dias et al. (p. 129-139) describe vertebrate trace fossils from the Upper Jurassic GuaráFormation (south of Brazil) and the Batoví Memberof the Tacuarembó Formation (north of Uruguay), which contain numerous dinosaur tracks, dominatedby theropod and sauropod tracks and different ver-tebrate burrows. Frank et al. (p. 141-157) synthesizethe present knowledge of large tunnels assigned toCenozoic vertebrates in the southern states of Brazil, and try to identify the possible tracemakers among the South American Megafauna representatives. In the field of bioerosion, Richiano et al. (p. 159-177) focus on the bioerosion structures in Quaternary marine mollusks from the Atlantic Argentine coast (from Rio de la Plata to the south of Santa Cruz province) while Lopes (p. 179-194) describes the bioerosion and bioincrustation in Quaternary body fossilsfrom the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul State(CPRS), in southern Brazil. There is much more of the ichnology of Latin America than what is presented in this book. Severalhigh quality papers have been published in indexed journals in the last 30 years, and innumerous papers were published in local journals since the 1950s. An important part of this knowledge is missing inthis book, but future editions of the Latin AmericanSymposium on Ichnology will help to fill this gap. To all contributors that helped to construct this compendium, our sincere gratitude. Our special thanks to Jordi M. de Gibert, who was a great enthusiast of the ichnologic research developed in Latin America and who contributed to make this book a reality until hispassing, last September.
