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O uso de tecnologias inovadoras e sustentáveis que primem pelo desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas produtivos, como as rizobactérias multifuncionais, são fundamentais para garantir a segurança e qualidade dos alimentos. Diante disso, esse estudo de caráter teórico, realizado por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório e abordag...
Flood recession farming (locally known as molapo farming) is a farming system which is based on natural irrigation and fertilization of the floodplain where crops are cultivated on the remaining soil moisture of the receding flood. Maize (Zea mays) is the most commonly grown crop in molapo farms and yet the contribution of the moisture regime in me...
Actualmente en China la gestión del agua en la agricultura se realiza por medio de las Asociaciones de Agricultores de Usuarios del Agua, que administra los 420 distritos de riego, 5,600 distritos de riego medios y aproximadamente 10 millones de distritos de riego pequeños. La gestión del agua es el contenido principal para la administración de los...
Reduzir a interferência do azevém nos cultivos: este é o desafio para técnicos
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Trata-se de um dos capítulos que formaram o Dossiê "Sistema Agrícola Tradicional Quilombola do Vale do Ribeira, SP", organizado pelo Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). Este Dossiê foi parte do pedido de tombamento do sistema agrícola itinerante (SAI) quilombola do Vale do Ribeira. Como resultado, em 2019 o SAI quilombola foi reconhecido pelo Instituto...
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... Finally, it is worth considering that the humandisturbed environment of rice fields, rather than the introduction vectors, may be most influential in the introduction and establishment of exotic species (Recasens et al. 2020). Some studies have found ostracods in the digestive tract of waterbirds (e.g., Green et al. 2013, Valls et al. 2017). ...
... 37 i 38), una espècie anual/biennal que mostra una perllongada emergència a la primavera que dificulta l'eficàcia dels mètodes de control . Cal afegir que tant A. squamatus com C. bonariensis produeixen capítols florals amb milers de fruits (aquenis) que es dispersen amb facilitat pel vent gràcies a la presència d'apèndixs plomosos (vilans) i, per tant, poden colonitzar espais no coberts per la vegetació (Valencia-Gredilla, 2020; Recasens et al., 2020). D'altra banda, i com ja s'ha comentat, espècies vivaces com la corretjola (Convolvulus arvensis) ( fig. ...
... fascicularis appeared recently in Portugal; it was first identified in a rice field located in Benavente, in the Sorraia valley [16]. Its introduction in Portugal and Spain in the 1990s [17,18] was often due to seed contamination at source [19]. Heteranthera spp. ...
Weeds are the main phytosanitary problem in rice crop. Over-reliance on herbicides and lack of crop operations range in the rice system have produced intense selection for the evolution of resistant weed populations. This study focused on rice farmers’ perceptions and attitudes towards weeds and agricultural practices for weed management. The methodology of a questionnaire was used, carried out in person with rice producers in the main rice producing regions in Portugal, complemented by three focus groups. The outcomes reveal that Echinochloa spp. is the weed of greatest concern, followed by Oryza sativa var. sylvatica. New weeds are about to emerge, mainly Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis. It will be critical for performance at the innovation ecosystem level to achieve evolution in social capital. Policies that promote innovation for the performance of more ecological and sustainable practices must be settled. The problem of herbicide resistance is increasing with the reduction in the number of active substances. There is great difficulty in adopting non-chemical weed control to meet the requirements of the European Ecological Pact. The implementation of these alternatives cannot be widespread, but must be studied on a case-by-case basis and requires technical monitoring adapted to the region and to the plot.
... The species is starting to enter some maize fields and, in this sense, the Servei de Sanitat Vegetal from the Department of Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació of the Generalitat de Catalunya and also the Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal of the Gobierno de Aragon, are already undertaking the corresponding legislative measures to contain and eradicate these populations. Recently, an Order at the Regional Catalan level (DOGC number 7959, 13th September 2019) was issued [41] declaring the presence of A. palmeri and stating that it is of public interest to establish the required measures to control it [42]. Unfortunately, based on our own monitoring efforts, we have found new A. palmeri populations around the studied area (no more available data). ...
Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395): Amaranthus palmeri is the most prominent invasive weed in agricultural land from North America, partly due to its propensity to evolve resistance to multiple herbicide sites of action. In the last two decades, reports of this species have increased throughout the American continent and occasionally in other continents. In 2007, A. palmeri populations were found in three localities in north-eastern Spain, and they are still present today. To determine whether these three populations resulted from a common or independent introduction events, and when and from where they could have occurred, research was carried out aiming to characterize the resistance profile and mechanisms to EPSPS- and ALS-inhibiting herbicides and to analyse the relationship between these three populations using ISSR DNA fingerprinting. Dose-response trials confirmed that all populations were susceptible to glyphosate but resistant to nicosulfuron-methyl. Resistance to ALS inhibitors was due to several amino acid substitutions in positions Pro197, Trp574 and Ser653. Moreover, the substitutions Ser653Ile and Pro197Thr are described for the first time in this species. At field-labelled rates, all populations were fully controlled with alternative herbicides with other sites of action. A. palmeri individuals were clustered in three groups based on UPGMA analysis, which corresponded to the three sampled populations, with a 67% of genetic relationship among them. Considering this high genetic variability and the different positions and amino acid substations found between populations, it is hypothesized that different colonization events occurred from the American continent probably prior to the introduction of glyphosate resistant crops. Prevention from new introductions is warranted because new herbicide resistance traits could arrive, complicating the management of this invasive weed species, while containing or eradicating the already established populations.
Regardless progress made on knowledge and technologies on Plant Health, global harvest losses caused jointly by plant diseases, pests and weeds (“pests”) in main food crops have remained stagnant at around 40% annually of the attainable harvest during the last 30 years. The ever-increasing threat from emerging “pests” associated with introductions of exotic causal agents, and the re-emergence of other “pests” that previously were effectively controlled, are net contributing factors to such a persistent magnitude of harvest loss. Reducing this magnitude and counteracting risks of exotic introductions remain as one of most significant challenges for Plant Health globally and in Spain. The Spanish system of Plant Health suffers from important limitations to cope with those challenges as identified in The White Book of Plant Health in Spain. This White Book may be of use in reorienting the design of Plant Health policies at national and regional levels in order to overcome those limitations. The 2020 International Year of Plant Health offers and excellent opportunity to Spanish institutions concerned with education, research and extension, as well as with the overall Plant Health profession, amongst others, to promote and increase the visibility of Plant Health in the Spanish Society.
