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Representação filogenética pelo agrupamento UPGMA e dissimilaridade genética pelo coeficiente de Nei entre as diferentes localidades de origem dos acessos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Mangaba da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros. DSGM, dissimilaridade genética média.
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The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability of mangaba accessions of natural populations, from 11 locations, using RAPD markers. The accessions belong to Banco Ativo de Mangaba of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, in Itaporanga d'Ajuda, SE, Brazil. Atotal of 13 primers were used, which generated 82 fragments, of which78(95%) were...
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... Furthermore, there is a solid genetic relationship between individuals from the states of Paraíba, Sergipe, and Pará. (Costa et al., 2011). Probably, in the remote past, these populations were connected, and with the occupation and use of land, the result was fragmentation (Álvares-Carvalho et al., 2015). ...
Hancornia speciosa is the target of research on genetic diversity, ethnobotanical and medicinal studies. However, information on the genetic variability of populations associated with modeling the potential distribution in the state of Sergipe has not yet been performed. The objective of this study was to predict the potential occurrence of H. speciosa in areas of high use of their fruits. The maximum entropy method was used to detect the distribution patterns of H . speciosa in variable environments. The diversity of four natural populations, situated in areas of extractivist, was determined by ISSR molecular markers. The species occurs more densely in the coastal regions of Sergipe. The prediction of occurrence indicates that the species reduces areas of occurrence, mainly due to anthropic actions. It is suggested that the species needs public policies aimed at its conservation and the priority populations for conservation.
... The chemical composition can be influenced by climate and genetic factors. The search for knowledge about the characterization of chemical composition together with genetic variability is extremely important to know the best genotypes with desired traits (COSTA et al., 2011), such as high vitamin C content and that best adapt to the growing environment, for example. ...
... For rutin, the accessions TC and CA obtained the highest averages (436.78 and 442.94 mg.100g -1 , respectively). The mean value found in the present study for rutin was 318.19 mg.100g -1 , much higher than that reported by Lima et al. (2015) Although all fruits were harvested at the same time and at the same maturity stage, there was a variation in the contents of phenolic compounds, which can be explained by the genetic variability existing among the accessions studied, already reported by Costa et al. (2011). ...
Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit species native to Brazil, belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Its cultivation is predominantly extractivist and its antioxidant properties have been recently reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in fruits of accession from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands (BI, CA, LG, PR, PT and TC). The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which identified chlorogenic acid (93.71 - 131.66 mg.100g-1), ferulic acid (0.85 - 2.27 mg.100g-1) and rutin (238.59 -442.94 mg.100g-1). The accessions CA and PR showed the highest values of total phenols (1179.39 and 1167.05 mg GAE.100g-1, respectively). The accessions CA and TC had the highest concentration of the major compound rutin (436.78 and 442.94 mg.100g-1, respectively). Antioxidant activity values ranged from 125.95 to 158.67 g.g-1 DPPH. Principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four groups, due to the genetic variability verified in previous studies. The results will be useful to guide actions of selection and future breeding program of the species.
... Therefore, knowledge regarding the genetic variability of natural populations contributes to the development and incorporation of the species into productive systems (COSTA et al., 2011). Additionally, these studies can support conservation and forest improvement programs, aiding the socioeconomic development of farmers and enabling in situ conservation in order to prevent a decline in the natural occurrence of the species (SIMON, 2010). ...
... Molecular markers are widely used to characterize genetic variability (KOUR et al., 2014) among individuals and populations (COSTA et al., 2011), in addition to being used in conservation and forest improvement programs (LORENZONI et al., 2014). Among such markers, we focus on the ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat), which are dominant markers used in genetic diversity studies, with low development cost, a high polymorphism rate and high reproducibility (CHEN et al., 2017). ...
Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson (Fabaceae) is a native brazilian species with high potential for economic development programs in semiarid regions, mainly related to the production of honey, animal food and firewood. Thus, the objective of this work was to select Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers for genetic diversity studies, as well as to test the efficiency of this approach in quantifying the genetic diversity of a natural P. moniliformis population. For this, 28 ISSR molecular markers were tested, evaluating the total number of loci, polymorphism rate and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) for the selected primers, the “Marker Index”, and the “Resolving Power”. Genetic diversity parameters (Nei genetic distance and Shannon index) were evaluated for 30 individuals located in Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Seven primers were selected, which provided 74 loci, with 82% being polymorphic, while the PIC value was 0.344. The Nei genetic distance was 0.244, and the Shannon index was 0.374. Therefore, ISSR molecular markers (UBC 827, 840, 844, 857, 859, 860 and 873) are considered efficient in studying the genetic diversity of populations for the selection of matrices and germplasm banks, and may contribute to the conservation and genetic improvement of P. moniliformis populations.
... Hancornia speciosa Gomes (family Apocynaceae) is a tree fruit native to Brazil, found in the coastal tablelands, coastal lowlands, and in the Cerrado Biome. Its fruit is used as raw material for the manufacture of several by-products, such as jelly, ice cream, juice, jam, sauce, wine, and vinegar (Costa, Silva, Ledo, Santos, & Silva Júnior, 2011). For this reason, this specie has aroused the interest of the food industry sector. ...
Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a native fruit of great economic, cultural, and environmental importance in its areas of occurrence. Due to extractive activities and real estate pressure, the number of natural populations has considerably decreased. The propagation of the species is still one of the primary obstacles for orchard implantations, thus, studies that provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the species’ growth should be developed. This work aimed to evaluate the biometry, emergence, and initial growth of mangaba progenies (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), using the plant material from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, located in Itaporanga d’Ajuda, SE, Brazil. Treatments consisted of progenies from 17 accessions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds. Number of seeds per fruit, as well as fruit and seed weight (g), length (mm), width (mm), and thickness (mm) were evaluated. For emergence and initial growth, the following variables were analyzed: percentage of emergence (PE%), emergence speed index (ESI%), survival rate (SR%), height (H), stem diameter (SD), and the number of leaves (NL). Biometric analyses of fruits and seeds revealed significant phenotypic variability among mangaba accessions. Progenies of the accessions LGP1, LGP3, LGP4, PTP4, TCP2, TCP6, ABP1, ABP2, ABP4 and BIP4 showed better results for all emergence and initial growth variables. The progenies of accessions TCP1, BIP4, CAP5 and PRP5 expressed lower emergence and survival percentages, and low vigor.
... The mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes-Apocynaceae) is a Brazilian native, occurring in various habitats, including the Cerrado and the "restingas" of the Atlantic Forest, where it is of economic, social and cultural importance [1]. The fruit is used in ice creams, fruit pulp concentrates, jams, jellies and spirits [2]. The bark is also used in folk medicine and latex production [3]. ...
... Research on the mangaba tree is recent, especially the studies of genetic diversity using different molecular markers, such as RAPD [1] [2], ISSR [6] [7] [8] [9] and SSR [10]. These studies are important to assist in the knowledge of the genetic diversity of native populations and accessions, and can be used as tools to design conservation strategies and collection of new accessions to be introduced into the germplasm bank. ...
... One of the best ways to assess genetic diversity is using molecular tools to evaluate whether the genetic diversity within selected individuals is adequate to constitute cultivated varieties in breeding programs. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand genetic variability, especially of poorly studied native species, whose diversity remains almost unknown [2], such as the mangaba tree [11]. ...
... In Brazil, there are three important gene banks for the conservation and maintenance of Mangabeira species; the oldest belongs to the Pernambuco Agricultural Research Company (IPA), which began in 1970 with 125 accessions (Bezerra et al., 1993); the second oldest belongs to the Agricultural Research of Paraíba State Company -EMEPA, established in 1991 and currently with 220 accessions (Aguiar Filho et al., 1998;Souza et al., 2007); and the third belongs to the Embrapa Coastal Tablelands (AGBMangaba), was established in 2006 in the municipality of Itaporanga D'Ajuda in Sergipe State, has 271 accessions, and is located in a resting area with 4.7 ha (Costa et al., 2011;Embrapa, 2013). ...
... The studies carried out at the AGBMangaba underscore the low genetic diversity found in the first implanted accessions (Costa et al., 2011). In 2013, the first fruits blossomed from these accessions; their quality attributes were evaluated by Silva et al. (2015) and the BI access was identified with the highest level of vitamin C. ...
The mangaba is a native Brazilian species of socioeconomic importance and with a great appeal for the conservation of its genetic resources. The fruit is rich in nutrients, especially ascorbic acid. Because the species’ areas of natural occurrence have decreased rapidly, the Embrapa Coastal Tablelands has maintained it in the Mangaba Active Germplasm Bank (AGBMangaba), in Itaporanga D'Ajuda, Sergipe, Brazil, since 2006, in an attempt to conserve its genetic resources. The objective of the present study was to estimate the genetic diversity and fruit quality of six bank accessions (BI, CA, LG, PR, PT, and TC) from the states of Bahia and Sergipe, aiming at the selection of promising material for genetic improvement. Twenty ISSR markers were tested, and 12 were selected to evaluate genetic similarity, which allowed the identification of three distinct groups. The longitudinal and transversal diameters were measured, and fresh mass content, the number of seeds, pH, soluble solids content, titratable total acidity, and vitamin C content were evaluated. The quality of these accessions was evident; the BI, CA, PR, and PT accessions showed the highest values of vitamin C content, which is a characteristic of interest in both genetic improvement programs and agroindustry.
... The marker index (MI) takes into account the fraction of polymorphic markers, and estimates the overall usefulness of each molecular marker system that ranged from 0 to 3.29, with mean of 0.98 (AB); 1.35 (RC); and 1.53 (BC). The Shannon index (I) presented means which suggest intermediate diversity: 0.31 (AB); 0.42 (RC and BC), which is lower than those described bySilva et al. (2012b)and higher than those described byCosta et al. (2011). The closer to zero, the smaller is the diversity. ...
... This may occur for they are natural populations, and are likely to incorporate or lose alleles by genetic drift (Silva et al., 2012b). The values found in this study are higher than those found byCosta et al. (2011), who evaluated mangaba germplasm with RAPD and found mean values for He of 0.17. However, they are lower than those found byAmorim et al. (2015), who used microsatellites, and lower than that observed byMartins et al. (2012)(0.36), ...
The state of Sergipe is the largest mangaba producer, which is a fruit native to Brazil, and has cultural, social and economic importance in its area of occurrence. It is an endangered species due to human actions, and despite its economic potential, there are still no commercial plantations. The study was carried out in order to characterize trees, fruits and the genetic diversity of natural populations of mangaba in Sergipe, Brazil. Fruits from Abaís Beach/Estância (AB) presented, on average, twice the vitamin C content (414.81 mg of vit. C/100g), when compared with the others. The use of ISSR primers was efficient in estimating the genetic similarity of populations. The primers clustered the populations of mangaba according to their origin, which indicates the genetic diversity of mangaba and their isolation. The results can be used to guide the selection of individuals in situ and ex situ conservation actions of these genetic resources.
... Information on the development and genetic variation of native species are crucial, since domestication and incorporation of these species in regional production systems, and the development of efficient conservation strategies are closely related to the knowledge of the magnitude and of the distribution of genetic variability in natural populations. Molecular characterization is a form of diversity evaluation which allows, from genetic markers, regardless of environmental interference, inferring the diversity degree among individuals and populations (Costa et al., 2011). ...
... Mangaba Active Germplasm Bank is found in the state of Sergipe, with 271 individuals from 19 natural populations representative of eight states. Costa et al. (2011) evaluated the diversity of this BAG in its initial phase by means of RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), when there were only 55 genotypes, and observed low genetic similarity. ISSR Molecular markers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) are widely used in genetic diversity studies. ...
... It was used 35 mangaba individuals collected in three remaining populations obtained in the cities of Iguape (Tapera, Ceará), Jacarecoara (Cascavel, Ceará), and Tamandaré (Pernambuco) ( Table 1). DNA extraction was based on the standard CTAB protocol (Costa et al., 2011). Quantification was conducted using a NanoDrop 2000c (Thermo Scientific) spectrophotometer at the ranges of 260-280 nm; while purity was calculated by the OD260/OD280 ratio. ...
Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit species that is native to Brazil, and has social, economic and cultural importance. Knowledge of the genetic relationships between the remaining populations is essential in order to promote conservation strategies for these genetic resources. In the present study, it was evaluated the genetic diversity of 35 individuals from three remaining restingas areas in the states of Ceará (Iguape and Cascavel) and Pernambuco (Tamandaré), located in the Brazilian Northeast. Nine ISSR primers were used to determine the genetic variability. Sixty-one fully polymorphic fragments (100%) were generated. The largest (10) and smallest (5) number of fragments were obtained with the primers HB14 and HB12, respectively. The Shannon index (I = 0.40), the genetic diversity (H = 0.30), and the percentage of polymorphic loci (%P = 73.77%) were also estimated. Both the methods of UPGMA and the Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) clustered individuals according to their place of origin. Genetic divergence was greater within population (64%) than between them (36%). This may indicate a strong genetic structure, i.e., the gene flow rate between populations is low, favoring inbreeding. ISSR markers were efficient for the analysis of genetic diversity, for the identification of clusters, and for the estimation of the genetic distance between and within populations.
... In Sergipe, the forest cover of the Atlantic Forest currently is 7.47% of its original area (Jesus et al., 2014). Several native fruit trees have great potential for use, and some studies of these species have been conducted in Sergipe (Costa et al., 2011;Rabbani et al., 2012). ...
... In contrast to our results, Chagas et al. (2015) found a low mean value of I in the study of a palm population (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using ISSR markers and found low diversity between the analyzed individuals. Costa et al. (2011) observed low diversity between mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) accessions of Sergipe's germplasm bank, using the Shannon index based on molecular markers. Silva et al. (2016) evaluated diversity in commercial cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) and also found low values for the Shannon index and confirmed the uniformity of the crop. ...
Cambui (Myrciaria tenella O. Berg) is a native species from Brazil, which belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Molecular characterization is one of the most used tools for the study of the biotechnological potential of species because the diversity level between individuals can be inferred. Analysis of genetic diversity is fundamental to the direction of the strategies necessary to form and maintain a germplasm. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity in a natural population of cambui using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. The natural population, which provided the plant material, is found at the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage of Caju, which belongs to the experimental field of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, in the municipality of Itaporanga d’Ajuda, SE, Brazil.Young leaves of each individual were collected for DNA extraction and analysis of PCR-ISSR. Thirty primers were tested and the top 10 were selected. The use of these primers resulted in 71 fragments with 98.3% polymorphism. Similarity of individuals ranged between 0.30 and 0.92. The most similar individuals were C13 and C17 and the most distant were C1 and C41. Through UPGMA, six distinct groups were identified. This information may be used for conservation of these genetic resources, germplasm exchange, creation of germplasm bank and in future studies with this species.
... A análise molecular é bastante empregada em estudos de diversidade genética que visam o melhoramento e a conservação de espécies florestais (REDDY et al., 2002) Com isso, a qualidade do DNA extraído é de fundamental importância para o bom funcionamento da PCR. Pesquisas recentes, com enfoque genético, realizadas para a H. speciosa, mostraram que o DNA extraído a partir tecido foliar apresentou boa qualidade, resultando em amplificações via PCR e posterior visualização de padrões de bandas após a eletroforese (COSTA;et al., 2011;MARTINS et al., 2012). Um dos métodos empregados para se estimar a qualidade do DNA é a espectrofotometria. ...
