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Aspecto botânico da Lippia alba. (Imagem fornecida pelos autores).
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Resumo Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown é um subarbusto aromático, pertencente à família Verbenaceae, ocorre praticamente em todas as regiões do Brasil, é de grande importância na medicina popular brasileira. Na medicina popular é usada como analgésico, anti-inflamatório, sedativo e antiespasmódico. Visando contribuir para um maior conhecimento da e...
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Citations
... Lemongrass can be found from the northeast to the south region of Brazil (Gomes et al., 2011). Due to the chemical diversity presented by essential oils of L. alba, different chemotypes exist and, consequently, diverse biological activities are observed (Sahpaz et al., 2006;Jannuzzi et al., 2010;Tavares et al., 2011). ...
The aim of this study was to undertake a screening experiment on essential oils (EO) of Myrcia lundiana, Ocimum basilicum and Lippia alba against six food-spoiling pathogenic bacteria. Seventy-two (72) samples were initially analyzed for antimicrobial activity based on the agar diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations were determined for the 12 samples which showed greatest antimicrobial potential in this stage. Two samples of L. alba, three samples of M. lundiana and seven samples of O. basilicum showed a MIC of 0.12-125 µL/mL for the six tested bacteria.
Of these, the EO of O. basilicum cultivar Maria Bonita stood out with the lowest MIC and MBC. Thus, a mixture simulating this essential oil was prepared from commercial standards of the compounds (±)-
linalool, geraniol and 1,8-cineole. Significantly higher MIC and MBC were detected in the simulation compared to the respective EO, suggesting a synergistic effect between compounds
... Among the species that produce essential oils, mainly aromatic plants, Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) is notable, popularly known as false lemon balm, lemon balm, melissa false, lemon tree, Brazilian lemongrass, lemongrass, board tea or wild rosemary (Oliveira et al., 2019;Santos et al., 2019). It is a plant rich in essential oil with notable chemotype limonene, citral, cavone and linalool levels, with bactericidal, fungicidal, nematicidal, mild sedative and anticancer action (Tavares et al., 2005;Fabri et al., 2011;Oliveira et al., 2018) and analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative and antispasmodic activities (Tavares et al., 2011;Mamun-Or-Rashid et al., 2013). L. alba essential oil can also cause phytotoxicity, as seen in watermelon seedlings (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) with concentrations of 4% (Brum et al., 2014). ...
Secondary metabolites are produced by certain plant species and may influence the development of some species through the action of allelopathic effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Lippia alba essential oil on the germination, emergence and vigor of seedlings of different batches of lettuce seeds. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 3x5 factorial scheme consisting of three batches of seeds of the cultivar Grand Rapids® and five doses of L. alba essential oil (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%) diluted in distilled water and homogenized in Tween® 80. Seed germination and vigor, in the laboratory (experiment I), and emergence, in a protected environment (experiment II), were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there was an inhibitory effect with a significant reduction of germination, vigor and seed emergence when L. alba essential oil was added starting at concentrations of 0.25%. The essential oil showed allelopathic potential over different lettuce seed lots, affecting germination, vigor and seed emergence.
... It has great economic importance domestically because of its essential oils, which have biochemicals that are of great interest for drugs since they have scientifically verified therapeutic action, besides important groups of raw material for perfumery and industries (Soares and Dias, 2013;Luz et al., 2014) and soothing, mild antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic, and slightly expectorant properties (Matos et al., 2000;Nascimento et al., 2013). It also has some compounds with antiprotozoal, bactericidal and fungicidal activities (Tavares et al., 2011). ...
Medicinal plants have great potential for the production of phytocompounds, which are used for various purposes, mainly in drugs and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the essential oil from Lippia alba cultivated with ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) under light environments. The plants were subjected to five ratios of NH4+: NO3- with nutritious solutions and four light environments (red, aluminet and black mesh, and full sun). The experiment design was entirely randomized with a 5 × 4 interaction and five repetitions per treatment, totaling 100 experiment units. The seedlings were transplanted to 6 dm3 plastic pots containing a mixture of washed sand + vermiculite at a ratio of 2:1. At 120 days after application of the treatments, the following parameters were evaluated: yield, content and composition of essential oil. The extraction was performed with the hydrodistillation method using drag of steam for a period of 2 hours. Nine compounds were found in the essential oil, of which neral and geranial represented 90% of the blend. Carvone was only found in the treatment with plants grown under the red mesh and with the 50:50 ratio of ammonium and nitrate.
... It has great economic importance domestically because of its essential oils, which have biochemicals that are of great interest for drugs since they have scientifically verified therapeutic action, besides important groups of raw material for perfumery and industries (Soares and Dias, 2013;Luz et al., 2014) and soothing, mild antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic, and slightly expectorant properties (Matos et al., 2000;Nascimento et al., 2013). It also has some compounds with antiprotozoal, bactericidal and fungicidal activities (Tavares et al., 2011). ...
Medicinal plants have great potential for the production of phytocompounds, which are used for various purposes, mainly in drugs and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the essential oil from Lippia alba cultivated with ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3 -) under light environments. The plants were subjected to five ratios of NH4 +: NO3 - with nutritious solutions and four light environments (red, aluminet and black mesh, and full sun). The experiment design was entirely randomized with a 5x4 interaction and five repetitions per treatment, totaling 100 experiment units. The seedlings were transplanted to 6 dm3 plastic pots containing a mixture of washed sand + vermiculite at a ratio of 2:1. At 120 days after application of the treatments, the following parameters were evaluated: yield, content and composition of essential oil. The extraction was performed with the hydrodistillation method using drag of steam for a period of 2 hours. Nine compounds were found in the essential oil, of which neral and geranial represented 90% of the blend. Carvone was only found in the treatment with plants grown under the red mesh and with the 50:50 ratio of ammonium and nitrate.
... The variability of the chemical composition of essential oils can be influenced by the cultivation conditions and by the lack of production models that define the specific practices and conditions that can maximize production efficiency [32]. Factors such as climate, soil, geographic region, and length of day and night contribute to the variation in LaEO constituents [33]. ...
The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) has shown great pharmacological potential as an analgesic, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulatory effect of Lippia alba essential oil (LaEO I) on the activity of clinically used antimicrobial agents on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi) and Shigella dysenteriae biofilms. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of LaEO I (MICLaEO I) was determined by the microdilution method, and the effect of LaEO I on the activity of clinically used antimicrobials was assessed by the Checkboard method. The values obtained from MICLaEO I and ciprofloxacin were used to evaluate the effect of time of exposure on cell viability. LaEO I main components were geranial (34.2%), neral (25.9%), and myrcene (12.5%). The MICLaEO I was 1 mg/mL for both strains. LaEO I positively modulated the action of ciprofloxacin, cefepime, and ceftriaxone. After the first hour of treatment with MICLaEO I, the cell viability of the strains showed a 5 log10 CFU/mL reduction, and the LaEO I-CIP association was able to inhibit growth during the first 6 h of the test. Regarding the anti-biofilm activity, MICLaEO I was able to reduce the biofilm mass of Salmonella typhi by 61.2% and of Shigella dysenteriae by 38.9%. MICLaEO I was not able to eradicate the preformed biofilm; however, there was a reduction in the biofilm microbial viability. LaEO I has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent and interferes with biofilm formation; also, it is able to reduce cell viability in preformed biofilm and synergistically modulate the activity of ciprofloxacin.
... Citral is a mixture of two isomeric acyclic monoterpene aldehydes: geranial (trans-citral, citral A) and neral (cis-citral, citral B). It has a lemon flavor and is widely used in the perfumery, food, and cosmetic industries (HEYDORN et al., 2003;BRITO et al., 2011). ...
... Citral is a mixture of two isomeric acyclic monoterpene aldehydes: geranial (trans-citral, citral A) and neral (cis-citral, citral B). It has a lemon flavor and is widely used in the perfumery, food, and cosmetic industries (HEYDORN et al., 2003;BRITO et al., 2011). ...
This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils of L. alba
belonging to the carvone chemotype (LA-13 and LA-57) and the citral chemotype (LA-10, LA-29, and LA-44); the
carvone enantiomers (R)-(-)-carvone and (S)-(+)-carvone; and citral on phytopathogenic fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae
(LT), Fusarium pallidoroseum (FP) and Fusarium solani (FS). Concentrations of 0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.5 and 1.0
mL/100 mL were tested, and the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) was calculated after 96h in relation to the
control. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentrations (MFC) were obtained for
essential oils and compounds. From the concentration of 0.2 mL/100 mL, all the accessions and carvone enantiomers were
effective against the fungus LT, except the accession LA-44, for which the maximum inhibition occurred from the
concentration of 0.3 mL/100 mL. Citral was the most effective compound against LT, with 100% of MGI from the
concentration of 0.05 mL /100 mL. All accessions and enantiomers caused 100% of MGI against FP fungus from the
concentration of 0.2 mL/100 mL. Once again, citral stood out by providing the same result as the other treatments from the
concentration of 0.1 mL/100 mL. Considering the fungus FS, carvone enantiomers and citral caused 100% of MGI from
the concentration of 0.1 mL/100 mL while all accessions caused 100% of MGI from the concentration of 0.2 mL/100 mL.
Citral and carvone enantiomers presented the lowest MIC values (0.1 mL/100 mL) against FS fungus. The MIC of citral
for LT and FP were not determined at the concentrations tested. (R)-(-)-carvone enantiomer presented the lowest MIC (0.1
mL/100 mL) for the LT fungus. Most of the other accessions presented MIC of 0.2 mL/100 mL for the three fungi. In
relation to the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), citral stood out with values from 0.05 mL/100 mL (LT). Citral
and carvone presented the same MFC for FS (0.2 mL / 100 mL). The other accessions showed MFC values from 0.3
mL/100 mL for the three fungi. Essential oils of L. alba accessions, carvone enantiomers, and citral were efficient in
phytopathogen control and could be considered as an alternative to fungicides for presenting inhibitory and fungicidal
effect against these microorganisms at low concentrations.
... Lippia alba (Mill.) Brown (Verbenaceae) is a small aromatic bush that is widespread in many regions of the world, such as Brazil, Bangladesh, India, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, southern United States and Australia. Because of the great bioactive potential of L. alba, with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative and anti-spasmodic effects, it is greatly used in traditional medicine (Mamun-Or-Rashid et al., 2013; Tavares et al., 2011). Studies have proven that the essential oil of L. alba and its constituents have the following types of activity: antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal (Fabri et al., 2011; Nogueira et al., 2007; Oliveira et al., 2006), antiparasitic (Escobar et al., 2010) and anti-inflammatory (Haldar et al., 2012). ...
... Juss (Agra et al., 2007; Boscolo and Valle, 2008; Oliveira et al., 2010), Eugenia uniflora L. (Calábria et al., 2008; Costa and Nunes, 2010), and Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Brown. (Calábria et al., 2008; Oliveira, 2008; Oliveira et al., 2010; Tavares et al., 2011). However, we found that some of the referred species such as Allium sativum L., Annona squamosa L., Caesalpinia ferrea Mart., C. ambrosioides L., Hymenaea courbaril L., Mentha spp., Momordica charantia L., Ocimum basilicum L., and S. cayenensis (Rich.) ...
The aim of this study was to compile the traditional knowledge about plants used for the treatment of giardiasis, and also to carry out experimental research to evaluate the anti-Giardia activity of five species.To reach this objective, 398 interviews were performed using a previously prepared questionnaire, followed by an in vitro evaluation of giardicidal potential of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Passiflora edulis Sims, Psidium guajava L., and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl. Among the interviewed people, 55.53% reported the use of plants to treat diarrhea, the most severe symptom of giardiasis. The results indicated 36 species used by this population for these problems. The use of leaves (72.50%) of a single plant (64.25%) collected from backyards and gardens (44.34%) and prepared by decoction were predominant. The majority of the interviewees (85.52%) attributed their cure to the use of plants. In the experimental tests, all extracts inhibited the growth of Giardia lamblia trophozoites in different intensities: A. occidentale and P. guajava extracts elicited a moderate activity (250 ≤ IC50 ≤ 500 μg/ml), C. ambrosioides and S. cayennensis extracts evoked a high activity (100 ≤ IC50 ≤ 250 μg/ml), and P. edulis extract showed very high activity (IC50 ≤ 100 μg/ml). This study shows that an ethnopharmacological approach is useful in the selection of plant materials with potential giardicidal activity.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light quality and nitrogen availability on the biomass production, yield and composition of essential oil of lemon balm (Lippia alba). Five doses of N (0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg ha-1) were studied, using urea and three light quality conditions obtained with the use of colored shading nets (blue and red), 50% irradiance and under full sun. The experiment was arranged in a 5x3 factorial scheme, in split plots, with seven replicates. After 60 days of cultivation under the shading nets, a higher dry leaf biomass (4.83 g per plant) was observed in the plants under blue net cultivation at a dose of 102 kg ha-1 of N. The plants grown under full sun presented greater amount of neral and geranial, major components of the essential oil of the lemon balm, which give commercial value to the species. The use of colored shading nets does not influence the composition of the essential oil of lemon balm, but increases the concentration of the compounds found in it. Nitrogen does not affect the quality of the essential oil of lemon balm, but it provides higher oil yield (0.27 g per plant) at the dose of 65 kg ha-1 of N.
