Figura 1 - uploaded by espinosa-hernandez Vicente
Content may be subject to copyright.
Laccaria bicolor y L. próxima. a) esporoma de Laccaria bicolor; b) esporoma de Laccaria proxima; c) ramificación dicotómica de Laccaria bicolor con Pinus patula; d) acercamiento al morfotipo de Laccaria proxima con Pinus pseudostrobus; e) Laccaria bicolor viva con Pinus patula; f) punta cilíndrica de Laccaria proxima con Pinus psedostrobus; g) esporas de Laccaria bicolor; y h) manto plectenquimatoso de Laccaria bicolor. Las barras blancas en los incisos corresponden a: 4 mm (a), 8 mm (b) y 1 mm (c, d, e y f). Figure 1. Laccaria bicolor and L. próxima. a) sporocarp of Laccaria bicolor; b) sporocarp of Laccaria proxima; c) dichotomic ramification of Laccaria bicolor with Pinus patula; d) zoom to morphotype of Laccaria proxima with Pinus pseudostrobus; e) Laccaria bicolor live with Pinus patula; f) cylindrical tipo of Laccaria proxima with Pinus psedostrobus; g) spores of Laccaria bicolor; and h) plectenchymatic mantle of Laccaria bicolor. White bars on incien los section correspond to: 4 mm (a), 8 mm (b) and 1 mm (c, d, e y f).
Source publication
For an optimum growth, forest species depend on the symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Additionally, Mexico is an important cultural and biological reserve of species of wild edible mushrooms at world level. In spite of huge ecological, anthropological and practical importance, there are scarce descriptions of ectomycorrhizas formed between...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... bicolor. Mycorrhizal roots with ramifications in their majority dichotomic (Figure 1c), and in smaller extent absence of 1-4.5 mm of length and 0.3 mm of diameter, without rhizomorphs and flat surface (Figure 1e). The not ramified tips of youth were strangled between the oldest part and the youngest or straigth, it was observed that in this stage the base has a length hardly perceptible, its 8-11 7-9 Ancho (µm) 7-9 6-8 ...
Context 2
... bicolor. Mycorrhizal roots with ramifications in their majority dichotomic (Figure 1c), and in smaller extent absence of 1-4.5 mm of length and 0.3 mm of diameter, without rhizomorphs and flat surface (Figure 1e). The not ramified tips of youth were strangled between the oldest part and the youngest or straigth, it was observed that in this stage the base has a length hardly perceptible, its 8-11 7-9 Ancho (µm) 7-9 6-8 ...
Context 3
... mycorrhiza showed a ramification type in its majority absent and in smaller dichotomic proportion, with a length of 1 to 8 mm and 0.2 mm of diameter, the morphology of the non-ramified tips was serpentine or inclined. Of youth they showed a clear brown coloration distributed homogeneously; on contrast, with the time it is differentiated the base of a dark brown color and the clear brown tip, with the cylindrical termination ( Figure 1f). In their adult stage the base is bigger than the apex. ...
Context 4
... their adult stage the base is bigger than the apex. The mantle type in the surface was flat (Figure 1d), its anatomy was plectenchymatic (Figure 1h). Macromorphologically, lengthened structures of hyphas were appreciated, brown and white color in the tips. ...
Similar publications
The tropical black bolete Phlebopus portentosus is highly favored in the cuisine of northern Thailand. It is suspected to form ectomycorrhizae with many host trees. Mycelium of P. portentosus isolated from a basidiome in Chiang Rai Province in 2003 grew well on modified Gamborg, modified Melin–Norkans, and Murashige and Skoog media at 30°C and at p...
Ectomycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis of paramount importance in the functioning of forest ecosystems. Therefore, inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly edible species, has gained enormous relevance in the production of forest trees with economic importance. However, due to technical difficulties for the cultivation of ectomycorrh...
The international trade of natural Christmas trees generates billions of US dollars annually; the production of such trees in Mexico is a growing industry, delivering around 900,000 trees annually, mainly from the native species Pinus ayacahuite. To survive, this species establishes a mutualistic symbiosis in its roots known as ectomycorrhiza. Howe...
The ecological value encapsulated in the term “spiritual ecology” is drawing more and more attention from ethnology, folklore, ecology, and other related disciplines. The custom of respecting and pacifying forest spirits has distinct regional and ethnic characteristics, and many scholars have discovered samples from different studies around the wor...
A new Choiromyces species was discovered at local wild mushroom markets in Songpan County, Sichuan, southwest China where it has been considered as a Chinese white truffle. Based on both morphological and phylogenetic analyses, the collection was described as Choiromyces si-chuanensis sp. nov. This study confirms the occurrence of members of Choiro...
Citations
... En el caso de las otras especies identificadas con potencial en alimentación para el sitio en estudio, se ha reportado su consumo por diferentes grupos étnicos, Laccaria laccata (Burrola Aguilar et al., 2012;López Hernández et al., 2022;Mazariegos, Lara y Lara, 2014;Viveros Assad et al., 2019), Laccaria bicolor (Carrasco Hernández, 2010;Morales et al., 2003;Viveros Assad et al., 2019); Oudemansiella cubensis (Alberti, 2022;Maekawa et al., 2013), de esta última especie se realizan investigaciones para poder implementar su cultivo, lo cual podría ser beneficioso para la población al suponer un ingreso económico extra, además de ser un excelente aliado en el tema de seguridad alimentaria. De acuerdo con Gómez y Zamora (2012), las especies L. laccata y L. bicolor, son especies con un alto porcentaje de proteínas, lo que ha sido utilizado como argumento para su cultivo y consumo en Yoricostio, México, lo cual deja entrever el potencial aprovechamiento de estas especies en actividades alimentarias. ...
Se realizó el registro del conocimiento tradicional con relación al uso de macrohongos silvestres en el municipio de La Palma, Chalatenango, El Salvador, durante la época lluviosa de 2022, como un aporte al conocimiento etnomicológico del país. El estudio fue de tipo cualitativo-cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo, constó de dos partes complementarias, por un lado se realizaron 18 entrevistas semiestructuradas a pobladores cercanos al cerro de La Palma, para conocer las especies utilizadas, formas de uso y métodos de preparación, a partir de ello se pudo determinar que se consumen tres tipos de macrohongos, de estos se incluyen dos especies dentro del complejo Cantharellus spp., y Pseudofistulina radicata, y por otra parte se recolectaron e identificaron taxonómicamente veintisiete especies que representan potencial de uso en etnomicología las cuales se incluyeron en tres categorías; en hongos alimenticios se registraron 15 (55.55%), en medicinales 10 (37.04%) y en recreativos o alucinógenos 2 (7.41%).
... Sporal inoculation has also been used on basidiomycetes, by utilizing the dried and ground fruiting-body that is applied directly to the root system of a plant partner or mixed in with the growing media. Mycorrhiza from sporal inoculation have successfully been produced for edible basidiomycete species from several genus including Laccaria, Hebeloma and Suillus (Carrasco-Hernández et al., 2010;Méndez-Neri et al., 2011;Martínez-Reyes et al., 2012). It is interesting to note that in all these cases fruit bodies have also been produced. ...
Land use conflict is a major contributor to unsustainable deforestation rates, with agriculture being the primary driver. Demand for agricultural output is forecast to increase for years to come and the associated deforestation is a key driver in global declines of biodiversity. Moreover, deforestation is contributing to instability of agricultural production systems and reduces our ability to mitigate anthropogenically driven climate change. There is urgency in reducing this land use conflict and the cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) may provide a partial solution.
As an example, here we focus on Lactarius indigo, an edible and historically appreciated species with distribution in the Neotropics and Nearctic. Exploring the geographic spread and associated climate preferences, we describe how cultivation of this species can be combined with forest-based biodiversity and conservation goals. Detailing a full methodology, including mycelium production and how to create trees that may produce the fungus, we explore potential benefits. Combing data from the emerging field of EMF cultivation with nutritional studies, we show that a protein production of 7.31 kg per hectare should be possible, exceeding that of extensive pastoral beef production. In contrast to commercial agriculture, L. indigo cultivation may enhance biodiversity, contribute to conservational goals and create a net sink of greenhouse gases whilst at the same time producing a similar or higher level of protein per unit area than the most common agriculture use of deforested land. With such startling and clear benefits, we call for urgent action to further the development of such novel food production systems.
... En este último, se observaron 23.2% de micorrizas dicotómicas en relación a las micorrizaciones individuales en las que se observaron 4.9 y 4.8% para S. verrucosum y R. luteolus, respectivamente. Carrasco et al. (2010) y Galindo et al. (2015 mencionan que existen diferencias morfológicas entre las raíces ectomicorrizadas con diferentes especies de hongos, lo que no se observó en la presente investigación. Sin embargo, Baseia & Milanéz (2002) y Miyamoto et al. (2019) reportan también micorrizas monopodiales en árboles de la familia Pinaceae inoculados con Rhizopogon. ...
Se evaluó el efecto de Scleroderma verrucosum (Vaill) Pers y Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordh. sobre la calidad morfológica y biológica de plantas de Pinus radiata D. Don en vivero en Vilcashuamán, Ayacucho, Perú. Tratamientos: (1) Micorrización con Scleroderma verrucosum, (2) Micorrización con Rhizopogon luteolus, (3) Mezcla de ambos hongos y (4) Control, en un diseño completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los hongos provinieron de bosques de Pinus radiata y Eucalyptus globulus de la localidad. La inoculación se realizó en el repique a los 30 días de siembra y la evaluación a los 7.5 meses después del repique. Los pinos micorrizados superaron con diferencias significativas al control en todas las variables. En el diámetro del cuello y materia seca de la parte aérea de los inoculados no presentaron diferencias significativas; sin embargo, en altura, materia seca de la raíz y materia seca total destacó el tratamiento Mezcla. En la calidad biológica se observó mayor número de micorrizas en los inoculados, con diferencias significativas frente al control sin micorrizar. Se evidenció mayor porcentaje de micorrizas monopodiales (91%) en relación a los dicotómicos (8.5%) y coraloides (0.6%). Se determinaron relaciones positivas significativas entre las variables morfológicas, pero éstas sobre P. radiata presentaron asociaciones no significativas con el número de micorrizas. El uso individual y en mezcla de hongos ectomicorrízicos silvestres incrementó la calidad morfológica y biológica de P. radiata, por ello se recomienda la aplicación de estos hongos para la producción de plántulas en viveros de Vilcashuamán y otras zonas altoandinas.
... It is estimated that 90 % of plants form mycorrhizal symbiosis; the development of this type of symbiosis began approximately 400 million years ago (Sosa, Sanchez, Morales, & Cruz, 2006). Mycorrhizae promote the solubility and mobility of nutrients from the soil to the plant, conferring greater resistance to water stress and damage by disease (Carrasco-Hernández et al., 2010;Pera & Parladé, 2005). Likewise, mycorrhizae improve soil structure and interaction with beneficial microorganisms, thus contributing to plant development and growth (Gómez-Romero, Villegas, Sáenz-Romero, & Lindig-Cisneros, 2013;Osorio, 2012). ...
... Se estima que 90 % de las plantas forman simbiosis micorrícica; el desarrollo de este tipo de simbiosis inició hace aproximadamente 400 millones de años (Sosa, Sánchez, Morales, & Cruz, 2006). Las micorrizas favorecen la solubilidad y movilidad de nutrimentos del suelo a la planta, confiriendo mayor resistencia al estrés hídrico y a daños por enfermedades (Carrasco-Hernández et al., 2010;Pera & Parladé, 2005). Asimismo, las micorrizas mejoran la estructura del suelo y la interacción con microorganismos benéficos, por lo que coadyuvan en el desarrollo y crecimiento de las plantas (Gómez-Romero, Villegas, Sáenz-Romero, & Lindig-Cisneros, 2013;Osorio, 2012). ...
Introduction:
In the nursery, controlled-release fertilization and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi promote the quality of plant material reproduced in containers.
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of two commercial mycorrhizal inoculants and one controlled-release fertilizer on the development of Pinus engelmannii Carr. in nursery.
Materials and methods:
Two commercial inoculants (fungi native to Mexico [1 mL·plant⁻¹ with 1.05 x 10⁷ spores·mL⁻¹] and exotics [1.5 mL·plant⁻¹ with 6.5 x 10⁶ spores·mL⁻¹]), two doses of a controlled-release fertilizer (11-28-11 NPK [3 and 6 g·L⁻¹]) and a control were evaluated; in total, nine treatments were used. The variables analyzed were: survival, stem height, root collar diameter, wet and dry biomass, ratio of dry biomass of the aerial part/dry biomass of the root part, lignification index, Dickson's quality index and mycorrhizal colonization.
Results and discussion:
Survival (80 to 96 %) was similar between treatments. Eight months after sowing, seedlings showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in morphological variables; combined treatments gave better results. Plants with commercial inoculum of native fungi (1 mL·plant⁻¹ [Amanita rubescens Pers., Amanita sp., Lactarius indigo [Schwein] Fr., Ramaria sp. and Boletus sp.]) and fertilization of 3 g·L⁻¹ had higher Dickson quality index. It was observed that the higher the fertilization dose, the lower the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization.
Conclusion:
The combination of ectomycorrhizal inoculum of native fungi and low-dose fertilization showed that both components are complementary in the plant development of P. engelmannii.
... In Mexico, the reports of the diversity of the genus Laccaria include about 17 species [15,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. The edibility and use of some species as food has been documented [22,[26][27][28][29] and ectomycorrhizae formed under in vitro culture conditions, isolated from native specimens have also been achieved [30][31][32]. Molecular studies on most of those records are needed not only to support their identifications but for being included in phylogenetic studies. ...
... It is closely related to Laccaria bicolor, sharing macromorphological characteristics of their fruit bodies, but can be microscopically distinguished by its spore size and pileus surface (Mueller, 1984). It associates with several white pines (Carrasco-Hern andez et al., 2010;Perea-Estrada et al., 2009;Reverchon et al., 2012;Mueller, 1984), and produces abundant fruit bodies in young forests (Reverchon et al., 2010(Reverchon et al., , 2012 and disturbed areas. This species can be found fruiting from mature soils within the forest bulk to sandy young volcanic soils at the forest edge (Mueller, 1984;Reverchon et al., 2010). ...
... Most studies of Laccaria mycelia production have focused on the plantefungus interaction, mycorrhization percentages, and plant growth (Carrasco-Hern andez et al., 2010;Castellano and Molina, 1989;Pera and Parlad e, 2005;Vaario and Suzuk, 2004;Xu et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2019). However, there are few studies on the biotechnological aspects of the axenic cultivation of Laccaria mycelia (Kuek, 1996;Santiago-Martínez et al., 2003;V azquez-García et al., 2002). ...
In order to increase survival rates of greenhouse seedlings destined for restoration and conservation programs, successful mycorrhization of the seedlings is necessary. To reforest forest ecosystems, host trees must be inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and, in order to guarantee a sufficient supply of ectomycorrhizal inoculum, it is necessary to develop technologies for the mass production of ectomycorrhizal fungi mycelia. We selected the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria trichodermophora, due to its ecological traits and feasible mycelia production in asymbiotic conditions. Here, we report the field sampling of genetic resources, as well as the highly productive nutritional media and cultivation parameters in solid cultures. Furthermore, in order to achieve high mycelial production, we used strain screening and evaluated pH, carbon source concentration, and culture conditions of submerged cultures in normal and baffled shake flasks. The higher productivity culture conditions in shake flasks were selected for evaluation in a pneumatic bioreactor, using modified BAF media with a 10 g/L glucose, pH 5.5, 25 °C, and a volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) of 36 h−1. Under those conditions less biomass (12–37 %) was produced in the pneumatic bioreactor compared with the baffled shake flasks. This approach shows that L. trichodermophora can generate a large biomass concentration and constitute the biotechnological foundation of its mycelia mass production.
... In previous studies with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the results indicate significant effects in the local adaptation when the tests have included sympatric plants and fungi, instead of allopatric combinations (Hoeksema et al., 2010;Klironomos, 2003;Rúa et al., 2016). The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with native species has also shown better local adaptations, mostly reflected in terms of plant growth and colonization (Carrasco-Hernández et al., 2010Carrera-Nieve & López-Ríos, 2004;Cuevas-Rangel, 1979;Martínez-Reyes et al., 2012;Méndez-Neri et al., 2011;Perea-Estrada, 2009;Quoreshi et al., 2009;Valdés et al., 1983Valdés et al., , 2009). ...
... L. vinaceobrunnea presented a reduced mantle of yellow-orange coloring; whereas in the presence of bacteria the mycorrhiza had a cottony mantle pale orange in color at the base. While branching type of this symbiotic partners is similar to previous descriptions of L. bicolor s.l. with P. pseudostrobus in the absence of P. fluorescens; they are differences in the color from the brown color previously reported (Carrasco-Hernández et al., 2010;Santiago-Martínez et al., 2003). The mycorrhiza of L. trichodermophora matches the type of branching but not in the coloring (strong orange), which is different from the pale yellow mycorrhizas reported previously (Galindo-Flores et al., 2015). ...
The mycorrhizal symbiosis is optimal when the plant and the fungi are sympatric. However, in forest plantations the inoculum typically belongs to exotic or allopatric fungi. In this paper, the efficiency of mycorrhization was determined by evaluating the effect of 2 sympatric fungi species (Laccaria trichodermophora and L. bicolor s.l. ) and 2 allopatric (L. laccata var. laccata and L. vinaceobrunnea) on the growth and nutrient contents of Pinus montezumae. We also tested the effect of the mycorrhizal helper bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf_Ag001). After 1 year of growth, we evaluated the mycorrhization percentage, plant height, diameter at root collar, dry weight and nutrient contents (N, P, K) of aerial part and roots. The mycorrhization percentage varied from 93.5% to 98.5%. The treatments that showed higher efficiency (biomass accumulation and K contents) were those inoculated with sympatric species. All Laccaria treatments, either in the presence or absence of the bacteria, showed a better response compared to not inoculated controls. This work demonstrates the significance of using inocula of sympatric species as these are genetically predisposed to associate with their hosts, naturally adapted to the local environmental and edaphic conditions compared with those of allopatric origin.
... These fungi are important for all forest ecosystems worldwide because they are the main recyclers of organic matter, nutrient uptake, and even nutrient transport within the forest system (Halling et al. 2007). This type of fungi is greatly valued as edible food for several human cultures (Carrasco-Hernández et al. 2010). In general, boletoid fungi are associated with conifers in temperated forest. ...
p> Background: Derived from the study of the mycobiota associated with Quercus oleoides Schltdl. et Cham., tropical oaks have been explored in Tabasco, finding great diversity in numerous fungal groups, such as boletoids macromycetes.
Question: What is the diversity of the mycobiota of Boletales poroides associated with tropical oaks of Tabasco?
Species Study: Order Boletales
Study sites and date: municipality of Balancán in the state of Tabasco, 2012 – 2016.
Methods: Collections of boletoid fungi associated with Q. oleoides were carried out according to conventional mycology techniques for taxonomic identification, a dichotomous key of the species found was performed and their geographical distribution was analyzed.
Results: Up to now, nine species assigned to five genera and two families of boletoid macromycetes have been identified.
Conclusions: All species are new records for the State, thus expanding its geographic distribution, it is the first record of macromycetes associated with tropical holm oaks in southeastern Mexico.</p
... The edibility and use of some species as food has been documented (e.g. Montoya et al. 1987, Montoya-Esquivel et al. 2002, Lampman 2007, Pérez-Moreno et al. 2008) and ectomycorrhizae formed under in vitro culture conditions, isolated from native specimens have also been achieved (Santiago-Martínez et al. 2003, Carrasco-Hernández et al. 2010, Galindo-Flores et al. 2015. Molecular studies on most of those records are needed not only to support their identifications but for being included in phylogenetic studies. ...
Two species of Laccaria discovered in relicts of Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana forests in eastern Mexico are described based on the macro- and micromorphological features, and their identity supported by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal RNA gene. The phylogeny obtained here showed that one of the Mexican species is nested in an exclusive clade which in combination with its striking morphological features, infers that it represents a new species, while the other species is placed as a member in the Laccaria trichodermophora clade. This is the first report in Mexico of Laccaria with Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana trees, with which the reported species may form ectomycorrhizal association. Descriptions are accompanied with illustrations of macro- and micromorphological characters and a discussion of related taxa are presented.
... Posteriormente, la mezcla de raíces y suelo contenida en los cepellones se lavó con agua corriente y se utilizó un tamiz de malla 16 (Grupo FIICSA, ciudad de México) de 1,18 mm de abertura, con la finalidad de recuperar la mayor cantidad posible de raíces. Se evaluó la totalidad de raíces cortas vivas micorrizadas, vivas no micorrizadas y muertas para estimar el porcentaje de colonización ectomicorrícica 8,30 . El promedio de raíces cortas totales evaluadas por planta fue de 2.759. ...
An ectomycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis of paramount importance in forestry and tree production. One of the selection criteria of ectomycorrhizal fungi that has currently gained importance is their edibility due to the economic, ecological and cultural relevance of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms as a non-timber forest product. The effect of the inoculation with three edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms: Laccaria laccata, Laccaria bicolor y Hebeloma leucosarx, which are widely sold in Mexico, on the growth and nutrient contents of Pinus greggii grown in an experimental substrate and a commercial substrate enriched with a slow-release fertilizer, was evaluated. Two years after sowing, differences in terms of shoot and root biomass and macro and micronutrient contents between inoculated and non-inoculated plants, were recorded independently of the fungal species and the substrate. Despite the fact that plants grown in the commercial substrate had higher growth and nutrient contents, their ectomycorrhizal colonization percentages were smaller than those of the plants grown in the experimental substrate. The differences in the nutrient transfer to the inoculated plant shoots among the evaluated fungal species were recorded. Ca mobilization by L. laccata, Na by L. bicolor and Mn by H. leucosarx were observed in the plants growing in the experimental substrate. It has been demonstrated that the selection of substrates constitutes an important factor in the production of ectomycorrhizal plants and that the three evaluated species of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms have an enormous potential in the controlled mycorrhization of P. greggii.
Copyright © 2017 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
