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Figur 3. I et snit lagt på langs af sulcus lateralis (blå vandrette linje) ses planum temporale, hvor sprogbearbejdning bl.a. foregår. Studier har vist at planum temporale er større i venstre (sprogdominante side) end i højre. Visse studier har fundet at denne lateralisering er større hos maend, men effekten er ikke konsistent på tvaers af forsøg.
Source publication
It is a common assumption, also in a Danish context, that sex-differences exist in the way language is processed by the brain. This paper reviews data investigating sex differences in language and language cortex using many different methods. Girls have an early advantage during language acquisition, but this seems to disappear around the age of si...
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Dyslexia is a frequent developmental disorder in which reading acquisition is delayed and that is usually associated with difficulties understanding speech in noise. At the neuronal level, children with dyslexia were reported to display abnormal cortical tracking of speech (CTS) at phrasal rate. Here, we aimed to determine if abnormal tracking rela...
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Citations
... Speaking against this is the fact that the observed sex difference in aphasia goes directly against the conclusions of the author's prior work. I have argued against the existence of large sex differences in the brain architecture supporting language, both in review articles [18,110] and based on neuroimaging studies [109,111]. Before starting the data collection, I assumed that there would be no differences in aphasia related to sex. ...
Background
Studies have suggested that aphasia rates are different in men and women following stroke. One hypothesis says that men have more lateralized language function than women. Given unilateral stroke, this would lead to a prediction of men having higher aphasia rates than women. Another line of observations suggest that women are more severely affected by stroke, which could lead to a higher aphasia rate among women. An additional potential confounding variable could be age, given that women are typically older at the time of stroke.
Methods & procedures
This study consists of two parts. First, a meta-analysis of the available reports of aphasia rates in the two sexes was conducted. A comprehensive literature search yielded 25 studies with sufficient information about both aphasia and gender. These studies included a total of 48,362 stroke patients for which aphasia rates were calculated. Second, data were extracted from an American health database (with 1,967,038 stroke patients), in order to include age and stroke severity into a regression analysis of sex differences in aphasia rates.
Outcomes & results
Both analyses revealed significantly larger aphasia rates in women than in men (1.1–1.14 ratio). This speaks against the idea that men should be more lateralized in their language function. When age and stroke severity were included as covariates, sex failed to explain any aphasia rate sex difference above and beyond that which is explained by age differences at time of stroke.
Choroby układu krążenia, w tym ostre zespoły wieńcowe (OZW) oraz udar niedokrwienny mózgu (UNM), stanowią najczęstszą przyczynę zgonów na świecie. Zarówno podczas OZW, jak i UNM dochodzi do niedokrwienia będącego skutkiem niedrożności naczynia krwionośnego, zatem istotą leczenia tych schorzeń jest działanie reperfuzyjne obejmujące terapie: antyagregacyjną, antykoagulacyjną oraz trombolityczną. Leczenie antyagregacyjne (przeciwpłytkowe) stanowi podstawę działania terapeutycznego u pacjentów z OZW i UNM, a jego skuteczność zależy od właściwego doboru odpowiedniego rodzaju farmakoterapii i szybkości rozpoczęcia leczenia. Najpowszechniej stosowanym lekiem jest kwas acetylosalicylowy, jednak poszukiwanie nowych form leczenia pozwoliło wprowadzić kilka alternatywnych lub wspomagających farmaceutyków, takich jak tienopirydyny, prasugrel, tikagrelor, dipirydamol oraz inhibitory glikoproteiny IIb/IIIa. Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest charakterystyka leków oraz przegląd nowoczesnych form terapii wykorzystywanych w leczeniu przeciwpłytkowym u pacjentów z OZW i/lub UNM.
