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Chromosomal aberrations: Cf= Chromosome fragmentation (Fig. 2), Rc= Ring chromosome (Fig. 3), Tcd= Terminal chromatid deletion (Fig. 4), M= Minutes (Fig. 5), Cg= Centromeric gaps (Fig. 6), Stk= Stickiness (Fig. 7), C= Clumping (Fig. 8), Py= Pycnosis (Fig. 9)
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Pollution of water resources is a serious and growing problem, despite the existence of relevant legislations. Genotoxic studies on industrial pollutants are very important as they tend to accumulate in aquatic animals. Thus use of aquatic organisms to detect the genotoxicity is very useful in environment monitoring. For this chromosomal aberration...
Citations
... Ethylmethane-sulphonate and benzo(a)pyrene [48] Boleophthalmus dussumieri Mitomycin-C, mercury, selenium and chromium [49] Oreochromis mossambicus Malathion [50] Cyprinus carpio Cadmium nitrate [51] Clarius lazera Ethylmethane sulfonate [52] Channa punctatus Dichlorvos [25] Heteropneustus fossilis Pentachlorophenol [53] Oreochrochromis mossambicus Fenvalerate [54] Channa punctatus Heavy metals [55] Etroplus suratensis Methyl parathion and Phosphamidon [56] Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias lazera Agricultural and industrial waste water [57] Oreochromis mossambicus Ethylmethane sulfonate [58] Channa punctatus Cypermethrin [59] Mystus gulio Lambda-cyhalothrin [60] Clarias gariepinus 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [61] Boleophthalmus dussumieri Bleomycin, Mitomycin-C and Doxorubicin [62] Oreochromis mossambicus Carbamate pesticide methomyl [63] Oreochromis niloticus Copper sulphate and lead acetate [64] Channa punctatus Paper mill effluent [65] Clarias batrachus Fluoride [66] Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii Sewage discharge [67] Channa punctatus Fenvalerate [46] Cirrhinus mrigala Butachlor [68] Channa punctatus Cypermethrin [37] Cirrhinus mrigala Butachlor [69] Cirrhinus mrigala Dyeing industry effluent [70] Carassius carassius Endosulfan [12,71] Page 5 of 11 ...
Pesticide residues with genotoxic potential reach the aquatic environment and constitute a major issue that give rise to concerns at local, regional, national and global scales. Fish serves as an excellent genetic model for the genetic hazard assessment as they are very sensitive to changes in their environment. As there is a close consortium of DNA damage, mutation and induction of various types of genetic disorders, genotoxicity tests like chromosomal aberration test, micronuclei and comet assay are gaining credence and since past few decades many tests have been developed for evaluating genetic alterations in aquatic organisms. These tests rely on the premise that any change to DNA may have enduring and ardent consequences. Thus, the first aim of the genotoxicology is to describe the outcome produced by toxic substances in various test species, but only from the genetic point of view and to draw conclusions that can be extrapolated to man. This review summarizes the genotoxicity tests developed till date and the role of piscine model in genotoxicology. The text also delves the latest knowledge and thinking on these cardinal approaches for the assessment of aquatic environmental health, management and conservation, besides providing useful repository for the researchers especially dealing with aquatic genotoxicity tests. The perspectives for further research on the use of genotoxicology tests were also highlighted.
Kashmir Himalaya has been imparted with a rich wealth of floral diversity by nature. Most of the ethno pharmacologically important plants are endemic to this region. The medicinal values of plants are attributed to the presence of active compounds, synthesized via different biosynthetic pathways. The basic health care of nearly 75%–80% of global population relies on herbal medicine. This dependence has resulted from their better cultural acceptability, economical, better compatibility with body, and free from side effects. The GC-MS analysis of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of plants found in the area showed different components. The antibacterial activity of these plants extracts were tested against a set of bacterial strains, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method. The plant shows broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The antimutagenic activity of both the plants was also tested against EMS-induced mutagenicity in mice by micronuclei (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests. The reduction profiles in the MN induction of methanolic extract of Melissa officinalis at the concentration (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kgbw) with EMS were estimated as 14.5%, 28.0%, 47.7%, and 81.5%, respectively.
Thus, it is clearly evident that medicinal and aromatic plants possess those active principles which are having antibacterial and antimutagenic activities. These plants can be an easily accessible and cost effective source of promising therapeutic agents that can be used in combating horrible diseases such as cancer and other infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant microorganisms. Future research work is recommended to isolate and structurally characterie the active principle(s) responsible for such biological activities and understanding the mechanism of their action at molecular level.
