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Fig. . Some characteristic species of cold-water dwellers and Omma-Manganji fauna. 1. Acila (Truncacila) insignis (Gould), Loc. 8. 2a, b. Limopsis hokkaidoensis Amano & LutaenkoLoc. 3. 3. Cyclocardia ferruginea (Clessin), Loc.9. 4. Glycymeris (Glycymeris) nipponica (Yokoyama), Loc. 9. 5a, b. Felaniella ohtai Kase & Miyauchi. 6. Tridonta alaskensis (Dall), Loc. 6. 7. Tridonta borealis (Schumacher), Loc. 6. 8. Mya (Mya) truncata (Linnaeus), Loc. 6. 9. Macoma (Macoma) calcarea (Gmelin), Loc. 8. 10. Clinocardium (Ciliatocardium) fastosum (Yokoyama), Loc. 6. 11. Lirabuccinum japonicum (Yokoyama), Loc. 2. 12. Phacosoma tomikawensis (Takagi), Loc. 9. 13. Ophiodermella ogurana (Yokoyama), Loc. 9. 14. Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby), Loc. 6.  

Fig. . Some characteristic species of cold-water dwellers and Omma-Manganji fauna. 1. Acila (Truncacila) insignis (Gould), Loc. 8. 2a, b. Limopsis hokkaidoensis Amano & LutaenkoLoc. 3. 3. Cyclocardia ferruginea (Clessin), Loc.9. 4. Glycymeris (Glycymeris) nipponica (Yokoyama), Loc. 9. 5a, b. Felaniella ohtai Kase & Miyauchi. 6. Tridonta alaskensis (Dall), Loc. 6. 7. Tridonta borealis (Schumacher), Loc. 6. 8. Mya (Mya) truncata (Linnaeus), Loc. 6. 9. Macoma (Macoma) calcarea (Gmelin), Loc. 8. 10. Clinocardium (Ciliatocardium) fastosum (Yokoyama), Loc. 6. 11. Lirabuccinum japonicum (Yokoyama), Loc. 2. 12. Phacosoma tomikawensis (Takagi), Loc. 9. 13. Ophiodermella ogurana (Yokoyama), Loc. 9. 14. Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby), Loc. 6.  

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Molluscan fossils from the Omma Formation in Oyabe City, Toya-ma Prefecture, central Honshu, were examined for investigating influence on the fauna by the environment change throughout the early Pleistocene. The age of the Omma Formation herein can be assigned to. Ma to. Ma, based on the calcareous nannofossils. From this formation, species of moll...

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... Moreover, as the result of my examination of the type specimens (NMNS PM 19300, 19316, 19321), C. (Cy.) siogamensis has more erect ribs with wide interspaces and the cardinal (3b) in the right valve is not bifid. Stratigraphic distribution: Pliocene?, Okean Formation in Paramushir Island (Nomura, 1933) and Golobnin Formation in Kunashir Island (Zhidkova et al., 1972); Pliocene Pomyr Formation in northern Sakhalin (Khomenko, 1934), Hitachi Formation in Ibaraki Prefecture ; Early Pliocene Kume Formation in Ibaraki Prefecture (Takahashi, 1986;Noda et al., 1993Noda et al., , 2004; Late Pliocene, Narusawa Formation in Aomori Prefecture (Iwai, 1960), Tentokuji Formation in Akita Prefecture (Shimamoto & Koike, 1986), Kuwae and Shitoka Formations in Niigata Prefecture (Amano & Kaetsu Group, 1989;Amano et al., 2009), Mita and Zukawa Formations in Toyama Prefecture (Matsuura, 1985;Amano et al., 2008Amano et al., , 2012, Dainenji Formation in Miyagi Prefecture (Ogasawara et al., 1988), Tomioka Formation in Fukushima Prefecture (Kamada & Hayasaka, 1959;Nemoto & O'Hara, 1979); Pleistocene, Donghai Group in China (Li, 1989); Early Pleistocene, Zaimokuzawa, Setana and Tomikawa Formations in Hokkaido (Uozumi, 1953;Fujie, 1958;Sakagami et al., 1966;Akamatsu, 1984; this study); Daishaka and Hamada Formations in Aomori Prefecture (Nomura & Hatai, 1935;Otuka, 1939;Hatai et al., 1961;Shimaguchi & Nara, 2015), Sasaoka and Nakazawa Formations in Akita Prefecture (Matsui, 1985;Ogasawara et al., 1986), Jozenji Formation in Yamagata Prefecture (Ogasawara & Naito, 1983), Annogawa and Nadachi Formation in Niigata Prefecture (Yasui & Kobayashi, 1985; this study), Itaya and Omma Formations in Toyama Prefecture (Matsuura, 1985;Amano et al., 2014;Kaneko et al., 2016), Omma Formation in Ishikawa Prefecture (Kaseno & Matsuura, 1965;Ogasawara, 1977;Matsuura, 1985Matsuura, , 1992Matsuura, , 2009, Seoguipo Formation in Jeju Island (Yokoyama, 1923;Yoon, 1988), Naarai Formation in Chiba Prefecture (Ozaki, 1958), Koshiba Formation and Nakatsu Group in Kanagawa Prefecture (Shikama, 1970;Okumura & Ueda, 1998); Middle Pleistocene, Shibikawa Formation in Akita Prefecture , Semata Formation in Chiba Prefecture (Ohara, 1968(Ohara, , 1972Baba, 1990), Nakazato, Ninomiya and Naganuma Formations in Kanagawa Prefecture (Yokoyama, 1920;Taki & Oyama, 1954;Oyama, 1973;Okumura, 1994Okumura, , 1995; Late Pleistocene, Narita Formation in Chiba Prefecture (Aoki & Baba, 1980), Tokyo Formation in Tokyo Metropolis (Tokunaga, 1906); Recent, South Kurile Islands, Hokkaido to Kyushu, Korea (Gangwon-do & Gyeongsanbuk-do), 19 to 75 m in depth around southern Kurile Islands and 35 to 400 m from Hokkaido to western Kyushu (Scarlato, 1981;Higo et al., 1999;Lutaenko & Noseworthy, 2012). (Itoigawa, 1958) [Japanese name: Myogadani-maru-fumi-gai] (Figs 2D-F, 4I-O) ...
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In the Plio-Pleistocene Omma-Manganji fauna, the carditid genus Cyclocardia comprises four extant species: Cyclocardia (Cyclocardia) rotunda (Tokunaga, 1906), C. (Cy.) isaotakii (Tiba, 1972), C. (Cy.) crebricostata (Krause, 1885), C. (Crassicardia) crassidens (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829), and one extinct species, C. (Cy.) myogadaniensis (Itoigawa, 1958). Among them, C. (Cy.) rotunda is newly designated for the species formerly identified as “C. (Cy.)ferruginea (Clessin, 1888)”. This common species likely first appeared in the Early Pliocene in Japan. However, C. (Cy.) rotunda became part of the Omma-Manganji fauna in the Late Pliocene. The extinct species, C. (Cy.) myogadaniensis, first appeared in the Late Pliocene. The other three extant species, C. (Cy.) isaotakii, C. (Cy.) crebricostata and C. (Cr.) crassidens, initially appearedin the Miocene of Kamchatka or Sakhalin and became part of the Omma-Manganji fauna after the climate cooling at Datum A (2.75 Ma). These three species in the Omma-Manganji fauna are smaller than the largest individuals in the present-day fauna, likely due to the warm temperature in the southern limit area.