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![Change Of The Colour Of PVK Agar Medium Supplemented With 1% Bromo Cresol Green As Indicator From Blue To Yallow At The Center Of Plate Enzyme action Another mechanism of bioleaching of Phosphate by enzyme action which some bacteria produce phosphatases that are collective name for enzymes that cleave phosphate from organic compounds like phospholipids nucleic acids etc. Depending on the optima of enzymes they have been classified as alkaline and acid phosphatases. Phosphatase activity is widespread in soil with larger percentage in rhizosphere. Agree with Amal M. et al, [51]. Also agree with Sashidhar B, Podile AR [43]. Role of exopolysaccharides substances (EPS) in P solubilization Recently the role of polysaccharides in the microbial mediated solubilization of P was assessed by Yi et al. [32]. Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are polymers consisting mainly of carbohydrates excreted by some bacteria and fungi onto the outside of their cell walls. Their composition and structures are very varied; they may be homo-or hetero-polysaccharides and may also contain a number of different organic and inorganic substituents [52]. Four bacterial strains of Enterobacter sp. (EnHy-401), Arthrobacter sp. (ArHy-505), Azotobacter sp. (AzHy-510) and Enterobacter sp. (EnHy-402), possessing the ability to solubilize TCP (tri calcium phosphate), were used to assess the role of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the solubilization of P by Yi et al. [32]. These Phosphate Solubilizing bacteria produced a significant amount of EPS and demonstrated a strong ability for P-solubilization.](profile/Mohamed-Hafez-10/publication/310845855/figure/fig13/AS:432903806033951@1480223718862/Fig-14-Change-Of-The-Colour-Of-PVK-Agar-Medium-Supplemented-With-1-Bromo-Cresol-Green.png)
Change Of The Colour Of PVK Agar Medium Supplemented With 1% Bromo Cresol Green As Indicator From Blue To Yallow At The Center Of Plate Enzyme action Another mechanism of bioleaching of Phosphate by enzyme action which some bacteria produce phosphatases that are collective name for enzymes that cleave phosphate from organic compounds like phospholipids nucleic acids etc. Depending on the optima of enzymes they have been classified as alkaline and acid phosphatases. Phosphatase activity is widespread in soil with larger percentage in rhizosphere. Agree with Amal M. et al, [51]. Also agree with Sashidhar B, Podile AR [43]. Role of exopolysaccharides substances (EPS) in P solubilization Recently the role of polysaccharides in the microbial mediated solubilization of P was assessed by Yi et al. [32]. Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are polymers consisting mainly of carbohydrates excreted by some bacteria and fungi onto the outside of their cell walls. Their composition and structures are very varied; they may be homo-or hetero-polysaccharides and may also contain a number of different organic and inorganic substituents [52]. Four bacterial strains of Enterobacter sp. (EnHy-401), Arthrobacter sp. (ArHy-505), Azotobacter sp. (AzHy-510) and Enterobacter sp. (EnHy-402), possessing the ability to solubilize TCP (tri calcium phosphate), were used to assess the role of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the solubilization of P by Yi et al. [32]. These Phosphate Solubilizing bacteria produced a significant amount of EPS and demonstrated a strong ability for P-solubilization.
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In order to minimize the use of expensive chemical fertilizers, this study investigate the potential of
phosphate solubilization by bacterium isolated from soil which the most of the bacteria isolated from the soil have the
ability to dissolve rock phosphates both in the soil and in the culture medium is well known. The microorganisms
produce low m...
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Las rizobacterias de vida libre o asociativas promueven el crecimiento vegetal, fi jan nitrógeno y sintetizan fi tohormonas. La combinación de estos mecanismos contribuye a mejorar la efi ciencia en el uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados y aumentar la productividad de los cultivos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de Azotobacte...
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Citations
... Spreading 50 µL of each dilution twice over Ashby mannitol agar medium was performed using the dilution-pour plate technique (10 −1 to 10 −5 ). Media consisted of 20.0 g mannitol, 0.2 g K 2 HPO 4 , 0.2 g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.2 g NaCl, 0.1 g K 2 SO 4 , 5.0 g CaCO 3 , and 15.0 g agar per 1000 mL, and we adjusted their pH at 7.0 ± 2.0 [43]. Loops of the cultured broth media were streaked on the surface of agar plates and incubated at 30 ± 2 • C for 5 d. ...
... Phosphate solubilization was determined through the spot inoculation of the bacterial isolate on plates containing Pikovskaya's agar media, which were incubated at 30 ± 2 • C for 7 d. The appearance of a clear halo zone indicates P solubility [43]. For carbohydrate fermentation, slants contained glucose or fructose or mannitol broth media as the sole source of carbon. ...
The enhancing effect of N2-fixing bacterial strains in the presence of mineral N doses on maize plants in pots and field trials was investigated. The OT-H1 of 10 isolates maintained the total nitrogen, nitrogenase activities, IAA production, and detection of NH3 in their cultures. In addition, they highly promoted the germination of maize grains in plastic bags compared to the remainder. Therefore, OT-H1 was subjected for identification and selected for further tests. Based on their morphological, cultural, and biochemical traits, they belonged to the genera Azotobacter. The genomic sequences of 16S rRNA were, thus, used to confirm the identification of the genera. Accordingly, the indexes of tree and similarity for the related bacterial species indicated that genera were exactly closely linked to Azotoacter salinestris strain OR512393. In pot (35 days) and field (120 days) trials, the efficiencies of both A. salinestris and Azospirillum oryzea SWERI 111 (sole/dual) with 100, 75, 50, and 25% mineral N doses were evaluated with completely randomized experimental design and three repetitions. Results indicated that N2-fixing bacteria in the presence of mineral N treatment showed pronounced effects compared to controls. A high value of maize plants was also noticed through increasing the concentration of mineral N and peaked at a dose of 100%. Differences among N2-fixing bacteria were insignificant and were observed for A. oryzea with different mineral N doses. Thus, the utilization of A. oryzea and A. salinestris in their dual mix in the presence of 75 followed by 50% mineral N was found to be the superior treatments, causing the enhancement of vegetative growth and grain yield parameters of maize plants. Additionally, proline and the enzyme activities of both polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) of maize leaves were induced, and high protein contents of maize grains were accumulated due to the superior treatments. The utilization of such N2-fixing bacteria was, therefore, found to be effective at improving soil fertility and to be an environmentally safe strategy instead, or at least with low doses, of chemical fertilizers.
... Azotobacter could promote the growth of plant roots, accelerate the intake of minerals, and compete with other pathogenic microbes (Aasfar et al., 2021). In addition, these are effective phosphate-and K-solubilizing bacteria (Diep and Hieu, 2013); according to Hafez et al. (2016), Azotobacter solubilized up to 43% of Egyptian phosphate rock. Singh et al. (2010) stated that Azotobacter species can enhance K uptake by plants. ...
Background
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal. Its emission is suspected to be further increased due to the dramatic application of ash to agricultural soils and newly reclaimed ones. Thereby, Cd stress encountered by plants will exacerbate. Acute and chronic exposure to Cd can upset plant growth and development and ultimately causes plant death. Microorganisms as agriculturally important biofertilizers have constantly been arising as eco-friendly practices owing to their ability to built-in durability and adaptability mechanisms of plants. However, applying microbes as a biofertilizer agent necessitates the elucidation of the different mechanisms of microbe protection and stabilization of plants against toxic elements in the soil. A greenhouse experiment was performed using Trichoderma harzianum and plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis) individually and integrally to differentiate their potentiality in underpinning various resilience mechanisms versus various Cd levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of soil). Microorganisms were analyzed for Cd tolerance and biosorption capacity, indoleacetic acid production, and phosphate and potassium solubilization in vitro. Plant growth parameters, water relations, physiological and biochemical analysis, stress markers and membrane damage traits, and nutritional composition were estimated.
Results
Unequivocal inversion from a state of downregulation to upregulation was distinct under microbial inoculations. Inoculating soil with T. harzianum and PGPB markedly enhanced the plant parameters under Cd stress (150 mg/kg) compared with control plants by 4.9% and 13.9%, 5.6% and 11.1%, 55.6% and 5.7%, and 9.1% and 4.6% for plant fresh weight, dry weight, net assimilation rate, and transpiration rate, respectively; by 2.3% and 34.9%, 26.3% and 69.0%, 26.3% and 232.4%, 135.3% and 446.2%, 500% and 95.6%, and 60% and 300% for some metabolites such as starch, amino acids, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and proline, respectively; by 134.0% and 604.6% for antioxidants including reduced glutathione; and by 64.8% and 91.2%, 21.9% and 72.7%, and 76.7% and 166.7% for enzymes activity including ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, respectively. Whereas a hampering effect mediated by PGP bacterial inoculation was registered on levels of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, electrolyte leakage, and polyphenol oxidase activity, with a decrease of 0.53%, 14.12%, 2.70%, and 5.70%, respectively, under a highest Cd level (150 mg/kg) compared with control plants. The available soil and plant Cd concentrations were decreased by 11.5% and 47.5%, and 3.8% and 45.0% with T. harzianum and PGP bacterial inoculation, respectively, compared with non-inoculated Cd-stressed plants. Whereas, non-significant alternation in antioxidant capacity of sunflower mediated by T. harzianum action even with elevated soil Cd concentrations indicates stable oxidative status. The uptake of nutrients, viz., K, Ca, Mg, Fe, nitrate, and phosphorus, was interestingly increased (34.0, 4.4, 3.3, 9.2, 30.0, and 1.0 mg/g dry weight, respectively) owing to the synergic inoculation in the presence of 150 mg of Cd/kg.
Conclusions
However, strategies of microbe-induced resilience are largely exclusive and divergent. Biofertilizing potential of T. harzianum showed that, owing to its Cd biosorption capability, a resilience strategy was induced via reducing Cd bioavailability to be in the range that turned its effect from toxicity to essentiality posing well-known low-dose stimulation phenomena (hormetic effect), whereas using Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis, owing to their PGP traits, manifested a resilience strategy by neutralizing the potential side effects of Cd toxicity. The synergistic use of fungi and bacteria proved the highest efficiency in imparting sunflower adaptability under Cd stress.
... (TBRC 5201), Azotobacter vinelandii (TBRC 7231), and Bacillus megaterium (TBRC1396), were purchased from the Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC). These selected bacterial species are PSB that have been reported in previous studies as being able to enhance the dissolution of phosphate minerals, such as tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, iron phosphate, and aluminum phosphate [11,24,25]. In addition, all of these strains are nonpathogenic bacteria that can be used in biosafety level 1 laboratories. ...
Struvite and hydroxyapatite are byproducts of phosphorus removal from wastewater that can be used as phosphate fertilizers. Due to their low water solubility, especially in alkaline soils, their use is currently limited. The use of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to enhance the dissolution of struvite and hydroxyapatite could be an attractive solution for expanding their use, but literature reports on this are limited. In this study, Arthrobacter sp. (TBRC 5201), Azotobacter vinelandii (TBRC 7231), and Bacillus megaterium (TBRC 1396) were evaluated for their ability to dissolve struvite and hydroxyapatite on agar media with struvite or hydroxyapatite as the sole source of phosphorus. Only B. megaterium (TBRC 1396) was able to use struvite and hydroxyapatite for growth. After 14 d of incubation in liquid medium, B. megaterium (TBRC 1396) dissolved phosphorus from struvite up to 835.45 ± 11.76 mg P/l compared with 196.08 ± 3.92 mg P/l in a control without cells, whereas the dissolution of hydroxyapatite by B. megaterium was minimal. B. megaterium (TBRC 1396) was also capable of dissolving phosphorus from swine wastewater-derived struvite. Both free cells and alginate-encapsulated cells of B. megaterium (TBRC 1396) were able to rapidly dissolve phosphorus from swine wastewater-derived struvite, resulting in soluble phosphorus concentrations that reached 400 mg P/l within 2 days, compared with those without cells that required 12 days. In conclusion, the application of struvite with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is a promising tool for green sustainable agriculture.
... Supporting the above data, a typical Azotobacter sp. can fix 20 kg of nitrogen/ha per year thereby reducing 50% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer [22]. Some species of Azotobacter have access to scarcely soluble Fe to form Fe-siderophore complex that can't be utilized by other competent microbes leading to plants protection against phytopathogens [23], [20]. Reports also suggested that, Azatobacter vinelandii solubilize approximately 43% phosphate due to the presence of exopolysaccharides or through mutagenesis. ...
The combined influence of conventional agricultural practice and booming population, entice the advanced research on sustainable agriculture. The basic goal of sustainable agriculture includes environmental health, social & economic equity and economic viability, which can be achieved by supplementation of plant probiotics. It will not only fulfil the prime goals of sustainable agriculture but also enhance microbial biodiversity in soil. These latent microbes when applied to host plants, colonize independently or as endophytes and are potentially involved in plant growth promotion, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization and biocontrol activities. Additionally, they have a unique property to break down the complex nutrients into simpler ones thereby improving the soil fertility. The phytobiomes act as an eco-friendly substitute for chemical fertilizers as it promotes plant health, growth & productivity along with soil health leading to organic farming. Hence, this review put forth views pertaining to the traits and applications of potent plant probiotics for sustainable agriculture.
... Soil microflora has also been found to solubilize insoluble phosphate components into soluble components which can be easily taken up through plants (Sashidhar and Podile, 2010). Phosphate-solving Azotobacter species are well known in the scientific community, for example, A. vinelandii strains are capable of solubilizing about 43% of the Egyptian Abu Tartur phosphate rock (El-Badry et al., 2016). In addition, Yi et al., (2008) reported the development of microbial, that were able to sufficiently solubilize tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was improved through variation caused by mutations, beginning with soil isolates, showing that exopolysaccharides (EPS) play a significant role in this process (Kumar et al., 2001). ...
Usually, chemical fertilizer is used to increase soil nitrogen content. Intensive and high-dose utilization of N2 fertilizers can cause ammonia volatilization and nitrate accumulation in the soil after prolonged application. An integrated nutrient management system, which integrates bacterial inoculants, plays a crucial role in soil health and productivity in sustainable agriculture. Biological nitrogen fertilizers containing Azotobacter can be used to increase soil fertility by increasing nutrient availability, providing some metabolites to plants during growth, and minimizing fertilizer doses by replacing or adding to fertilizers. The purpose of this literature review paper is to discuss the utility of Azotobacter in agriculture, and the perspective of Azotobacter to increase yield and substitute chemical fertilizer in food crop production. This review highlighted the potential of Azotobacter sp. as an efficient biofertilizer with testified efficacy to enhance plant nutrition and soil fertility. This bacteria's use in soil reclamation has proven beneficial, indicating that it may be a potential tool for turning barren land into rich soil. In order to effectively target agricultural challenges (such as the nutrient deficit, and biotic/ abiotic stresses), Azotobacter sp. still needs to be carefully exploited. This requires attention to a number of factors, including their multi-trophic interactions, synergies, abundance distribution, biogeography, and biological functions.
... Phosphate solubilizing (PS) group producing a clear zone of solubilization (halo) around bacterial growth on PKV agar plates (Fig. S1, panel C) revealed a biological response that was varied (Table 2c). In accordance with the present study, microbiologists have isolated numerous Pseudomonas species like P. fluorescens (Manasa et al., 2017), P. putida (Wang et al., 2015), P. azotoformans (Nonakaran et al., 2015) and Azotobacter species including A. chroococcum (Chen et al., 2018), A. vinelandii (El-Badry et al., 2016) and A. salinestris (Chennappa et al., 2018) etc. from different rhizosphere soils of vegetables crops in conventional as well as contaminated environments. Similarly, phosphate solubilizing bacteria belonging to B. cepacia (You et al., 2020), B. subtilis (Ahmad et al., 2018), B. megaterium (Wyciszkiewicz et al., 2017), Achromobacter and Serratia plymuthica etc. isolated from different rhizosphere region have also been reported. ...
A total of 45 beneficial soil bacterial isolates (15 each of Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria: PSB) recovered from polluted rhizosphere soils were morphologically and biochemically characterized. Bacterial isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phenolate siderophores; SA (salicylic acid) and 2, 3-dihydroxy benzoic acid (2, 3-DHBA), 1-amino cyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, solubilised insoluble phosphate (Pi), secreted exopolysaccharides (EPS) and produced ammonia and cyanogenic compound (HCN). Isolates were tested for their tolerance ability against 12 different agrochemicals (chemical pesticides) and 14 antibiotics. Among Pseudomonas, isolate PS1 showed maximum (2183 µgmL⁻¹) tolerance to all tested agrochemicals. Likewise, among all Azotobacter isolates (n =15), AZ12 showed maximum (1766 µgmL⁻¹) while AZ7 had lowest (950 µgmL⁻¹) tolerance ability to all tested agrochemicals. Moreover, among phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates, maximum (1970 µgmL⁻¹) and minimum (1308 µgmL⁻¹) tolerance to agrochemicals was represented by PSB8 and PSB13 isolates, respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity/resistance among isolates varied considerably. As an example, Pseudomonas spp. was susceptible to several antibiotics, and inhibition zone differed between 10 mm (polymyxin B) to 34 mm (nalidixic acid). Also, isolate PS2 showed resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, methicillin, novobiocin and penicillin. The resistance percentage to multiple antibiotics among Azotobacter isolates varied between 7-33%. Among PSB isolates, inhibition zone differed between 10 to 40 mm and maximum and minimum resistance percentage to multiple antibiotics was recorded as 47% and 20%, respectively. The persistence of pesticides in agricultural soil may contribute to an increase in multidrug resistance among soil microorganisms. In conclusion, plant growth promoting (PGP) substances releasing soil microorganisms comprising of inherent/intrinsic properties of pesticides tolerance and antibiotics resistance may provides an attractive, agronomically feasible, and long-term prospective alternative for the augmentation of edible crops. However, in future, more research is needed to uncover the molecular processes behind the development of pesticide tolerance and antibiotic resistance among soil microorganisms.
... Among the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Bacillus and Pseudomonas are the most common along with some Azotobacter species also known for their P solubilizing capacity. A study by Hafez et al. (2016) demonstrated that A. vinelandii strain was able to solubilize up to 43% of the Abu Tartur phosphate rock in Egypt, while another study by Yi et al. (2008) showed that Azotobacter exopolysaccharides (EPS) were the main factor in the microbial solubilization of tricalcium P (TCP). Azotobacter species were also found to improve their P solubilizing through mutagenesis starting from soil isolates (Kumar et al., 2001). ...
... Azotobacter synthetizes and secretes considerable amounts of biologically active substances like B vitamins, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, heteroxins, and gibberellin, which enhance root growth of plants (Azcón and Barea, 1975;Patil et al., 2020). Inorganic and organic P solubilization by Azotobacter strains is another growth promoting trait which is characterized to screen efficient free-living N 2 -fixing bacteria (Narula et al., 2000;Nosrati et al., 2014;Hafez et al., 2016). ...
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) refers to a microbial mediated process based upon an enzymatic “Nitrogenase” conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium readily absorbable by roots. N2-fixing microorganisms collectively termed as “diazotrophs” are able to fix biologically N2 in association with plant roots. Specifically, the symbiotic rhizobacteria induce structural and physiological modifications of bacterial cells and plant roots into specialized structures called nodules. Other N2-fixing bacteria are free-living fixers that are highly diverse and globally widespread in cropland. They represent key natural source of nitrogen (N) in natural and agricultural ecosystems lacking symbiotic N fixation (SNF). In this review, the importance of Azotobacter species was highlighted as both important free-living N2-fixing bacteria and potential bacterial biofertilizer with proven efficacy for plant nutrition and biological soil fertility. In addition, we described Azotobacter beneficial plant promoting traits (e.g., nutrient use efficiency, protection against phytopathogens, phytohormone biosynthesis, etc.). We shed light also on the agronomic features of Azotobacter that are likely an effective component of integrated plant nutrition strategy, which contributes positively to sustainable agricultural production. We pointed out Azotobacter based-biofertilizers, which possess unique characteristics such as cyst formation conferring resistance to environmental stresses. Such beneficial traits can be explored profoundly for the utmost aim to research and develop specific formulations based on inoculant Azotobacter cysts. Furthermore, Azotobacter species still need to be wisely exploited in order to address specific agricultural challenges (e.g., nutrient deficiencies, biotic and abiotic constraints) taking into consideration several variables including their biological functions, synergies and multi-trophic interactions, biogeography and abundance distribution.
... Three bacterial species were purchased from Egyptian Microbial culture collection, Ain shams university (Bacillus megaterium EMCC 1013, Rhizobium rhizogenes EMCC1743, Rhizobium leguminosarum EMCC1130). Azotobacter vinelandii was obtained by El -Badry et al [9] and Nocardiopsis Dassenvillei was obtained by Elbarbary et al. [10]. ...
... Azotobacter vinelandii was the most potent Nickel (II) bioremediation percentage with 88 % Nickel (II) bioremediation with glucose utilization as carbon source figures No 9 and 10. This results the similar to work as reported by El-badry et al. [9]. Azotobacter vinelandii for phosphate dissolution with high efficacy with glucose which reaches to 52.8% then dextrose with low pH value, the bacterial growth exhibited remarkable variation according to the utilized carbon source, the best bacterial growth to produce enzyme and organic acids reached when glucose is utilized as a carbon source ...
... Azotobacter vinelandii was the most potent Nickel (II) bio removal percentage with 56 % Nickel (II) bio removal with ammonium sulphate utilization as nitrogen source figures 11 and 12. As mentioned by El-Badry et al., [9]. Nocardiopsis dassenvillei dissolution high quantitiy of phosphorus from rock phosphate ore using ammonium oxalate as nitrogen source followed by ammonium sulphate ...
The ability of heavy metal removal, especially nickel (II) by five different bacterial species was evaluated during this work. Industrial plating waste water contains high concentrations of heavy metals that may contaminate food chain during cultivation. Washing water using industrial water without pre-treatment causes sever health weakness and mutagenesis in many ecosystem living. Nickel (II) is discarded during wastewater each year. Nickel (II) bio recovery as less expensive and environmentally friendly process were screened during this work by five different bacterial species Bacillus megaterium EMCC 1013, Rhizobium rhizogenes EMCC1743, Rhizobium leguminosarum EMCC1130, Azotobacter vinelandii and Nocardiopsis Dassenvillei Azotobacter vinelandii exhibited maximum recovery of Nickel (II) at concentration 10 ppm with 88 % recovery during two stages recovery processes and after optimization condition 24 h with inoculum size 0.1 x 10 29 cfu at PH 7 and energy source glucose and ammonium oxalate as carbon and nitrogen source and 30o C as incubation temprature. The principle target of this work was confirming the bio recovery of Nickel (II) from industrial waste water through two stages to raise the percentage of Nickel (II) removal. In addition, evaluation the bio recovery ability of Nickel (II) by different five microorganisms to utilize them in further studies in the removal of Nickel (II) from plating waste water. Azotobacter vinelandii as the most potent Nickel (II) removal in this study will be used in biotechnology for the bio recovery of Nickel (II) and also used as biomarkers for the detection of Nickel (II) Keywords: Nickel, Azotobacter vinelandii, Waste water, Heavy metal, bioremoval Graphical Abstract of Nickel 569. El-barbary and El-Badry.
... Oxalate ions have the ability to form stable complexes with calcium, iron and aluminum to liberate phosphates ( Khan et al., 2009). As reported by Elbarbary et al., 2016 Nocardiopsisdassenvilleisolublized high amount of phosphorus from rock phosphate ore ammonium oxalate was found to be the best nitrogen source utilized by Nocardiopsisdassenvillei isolate for maximum phosphate solublization that reached to 53.5% followed by ammonium sulphate and lowest dissolution of phosphate content of the ore at using glycine as nitrogen source. ...
Heavy metals are generally toxic to microorganisms, especially if they exist at high concentrations. Environmental pollution particularly in soil with heavy metals can stem from industrial activities or sewage discharges. In this study, Five different bacterial species Bacillus megaterium EMCC 1013, Rhizobium rhizogenes EMCC 1743, Rhizobium leguminosarum EMCC 1130, Azotobacter vinelandii and Nocardiopsis Dassenvillei were evaluated their potential activity in bioremediation of zinc ion. Our results showed that five bacterial species have great variation potential for zinc bioremediation. The aim of our study was to evaluation the bioremediation capacity of zinc as heavy metals by five different bacterial species with glucose and ammonium oxalate as carbon and nitrogen energy sources to use them in further study in removal of Zn(II) from plating waste water. This results is important to be well understand the bioremediation mechanism of Bacillus megaterium EMCC, and is significant for its pilot test and future practical application. In addition Bacillus megaterium EMCC as the most potent Zn (II) resistant microorganisms will very useful in biotechnology for the remediation of metal contaminated environments with Zn (II)and can also be used in the construction of biomarkers for the detection of zinc ions.
... Azotobacter vinelandii was idienfied according to El-Badry [11]. ...
Phosphate obtained from microbial dissolution of phosphate ore consider one of the most vital recent methods, less expensive , environmentally friendly and energy saving. This process of dissolution do not need concentrate phosphate crude ore and not use specific strains of microorganism, where microorganisms were isolated from the phosphate ore as single organisms that have the most efficacy in phosphate dissolution or use mixure of microbial community of phosphate ore in dissolution to micic natural condition. The effect of different energy carbon and nitrogen sources on bacterial growth was evaluated during this work. Also the effect of Azotobacter vinelandii bacterial strain ,inoculum size was evaluated through this work for phosphate dissolution. production of (phosphate nitrogen) PN is cheap from local ores by harness the power of microorganisms as ore dissolution. The optimum conditions of Abu Tartur phosphate ore dissolution were 28 hour incubation period, with growth on modified PVK medium as the best medium for dissolution of Abu Tartur phosphate ore, 2.9 log colony forming unit of Azotobacter vinelandii per 50 ml medium as inoculm size, 0.5% Abu Tartur phosphate ore concentration , incubation temperature at 30°C, ammonium oxalate as potential nitrogen source, glucose as potential carbon source. The leaching efficiency of phosphate content in Abu Tartur phosphate ore reaches to 52.6%.
