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![[ Abundance and prevalence of three ectoparasites species] "A# Benedenia sp[ and "B# Hatschekia sp[ in various size classes of C[ argus\ and "C# Haliotrema n[sp[ 3 in various size classes of D[ aruanus[ Sample size "N# is represented in box under each size class[](profile/Cedrik-Lo/publication/223094094/figure/fig2/AS:554480131375104@1509209773513/Fig-1-Abundance-and-prevalence-of-three-ectoparasites-species-A-Benedenia-sp-and.png)
[ Abundance and prevalence of three ectoparasites species] "A# Benedenia sp[ and "B# Hatschekia sp[ in various size classes of C[ argus\ and "C# Haliotrema n[sp[ 3 in various size classes of D[ aruanus[ Sample size "N# is represented in box under each size class[
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![Fig[ 1[ Abundance and prevalence of three ectoparasites species] "A#...](profile/Cedrik-Lo/publication/223094094/figure/fig2/AS:554480131375104@1509209773513/Fig-1-Abundance-and-prevalence-of-three-ectoparasites-species-A-Benedenia-sp-and_Q320.jpg)
The parasite communities of three coral-reef fish species (Stegastes nigricans, Dascyllus aruanus and Cephalopholis argus) were on Tiahura reef, French Polynesia. The age and growth of each fish was analysed by otolith increment counts and a significant correlation between these variables was found. Stegastes nigricans was parasitised by six adult...
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Larval duration of a demersal fish is a product of its genotype, its larval environment and the capacity of the species to delay metamorphosis. Circumstantial evidence has led to the hypothesis that the lower age-limit for settlement is governed by the rate of larval development, while the upper age-limit is determined by the extent to which a dela...
Solution-based inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine if Stegastes nigricans collected from 15 sites in French Polynesia could be distinguished by the trace element composition of their otoliths. A
total of 293 adults were collected by spearing and their otoliths were analysed. We found that elemental signatures...
Citations
... It is likely that the attractiveness of colonies to SHBs depends on strength of host cues (Graham et al., 2011;Suazo et al., 2003;Torto et al., 2005), although the quantity of volatiles emitted by colonies, and the relative attractiveness to SHBs has not been explored in this study or other studies. Furthermore, other factors such as host size itself can play a role in the attractiveness of hosts to parasites (Langeloh & Seppälä, 2018;Lo et al., 1998;Valera et al., 2004), but for honey bee colonies this is likely an interactive effect as larger colonies release higher amounts of odours than smaller ones. In our experiment, we removed worker bees to create weakened colonies. ...
The small hive beetle (SHB, Aethina tumida) is an invasive pest species of honey bees with established populations on all continents except Antarctica. There is a lack of understanding of some of the mechanisms involved in the invasions of the SHB. In this thesis, the dispersal capacity and factors of importance for host-finding were studied under field conditions. It was found that the SHB is capable of long distance flights and uses host cues during dispersal. Additionally, successful pupation was shown in several greenhouse substrates and data obtained from laboratory studies was applied to global modelling data to show the impact under current and future climatic conditions. The results signify the opportunistic nature of the SHB and highlights that the future impact of the species will likely increase due to global warming. This thesis contributes to the knowledge needed to mitigate the impact of this invasive species around the world.
... Furthermore, we show that the size of a coral does not only influence its likelihood to be a host but also the number of gobies that are resting on it. Often, the size of a host positively correlates with the number of organisms inhabiting it, as it was shown for fish as hosts for parasites [113] and for corals as hosts for various symbionts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]114]. This is also the case for several goby-coral associations in the Pacific [67,69,70]. ...
Cryptobenthic fishes make up more than half of coral reef fish fauna and contribute greatly to coral reef trophodynamics and diversity. Because of their small size, they are easily overlooked and understudied. Some of them use corals as their habitat, but this association is not well understood. In the Caribbean, two common cryptobenthic gobies, Elacatinus evelynae and Coryphopterus lipernes, are usually observed residing on corals. In order to compare their habitat use, we investigated their distributions on a range of scleractinian host-coral species at three different depths (5, 10, and 15 m) at Curaçao, southern Caribbean. The numbers of both species were relatively low at 5 m. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between fish size and depth and found that adult E. evelynae individuals were most common at 5 m depth and juveniles at 15 m depth. Novel host corals were found for both fish species. Taking host size into account, the gobies were most abundant on large coral colonies of two host species: E. evelynae on both Colpophyllia natans and Montastraea cavernosa, and C. lipernes only on C. natans. In summary, depth, host species, and host-colony size were found to be environmental factors that may determine the occurrence of both fish species.
... Alpha-males were significantly larger and older than subordinate β-males. Parasites often accumulate at greater frequency in larger hosts due to increased chance of exposure [47][48][49] and collect in older hosts due to increased exposure time [50][51][52][53]. Since there were frequent correlations with monogenean abundance and size parameters in L. macrochirus, the larger size of α-males likely predisposes this morphotype to greater loads of monogenean parasites. ...
Purpose:
Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) are a North American sport fish that exhibit two different male morphotypes. Alpha-males are large, colorful, territorial, and have significant parental investment, while β-males are small, drab, and have two reproductive phenotypes, neither of which involves parental investment. Due to the two different reproductive strategies, the level of interaction between congenerics varies, which may impact parasites that are spread via close contact, such as Monogenoidea that infect the gills. Monogeneans are ectoparasites on the gills and skin of fish hosts that may cause significant pathology in high numbers and be an indicator of host behavior and interaction between hosts.
Methods:
In this study, 328 L. macrochirus (106 α-males, 92 β-males, and 130 females) were necropsied from 8 lakes and ponds in northwestern Virginia to identify and enumerate monogenean parasites from the gills.
Results:
Alpha-males had a significantly greater parasite abundance and species richness compared to β-males. This may be due to the increased size and surface area of gills in α-males, increased interaction with females during mating, and stationary behavior when guarding nests, which enhanced the chances of α-males contracting the parasites. This also led to significant differences in the monogenean communities infecting the two morphotypes, which were also significantly influenced by the size of the hosts.
Conclusions:
It is important in future studies regarding parasitism that behavioral morphotypes within a sex, such as α-male and β-male L. macrochirus in this study, be treated separately as behavioral and morphometric differences between them can potentially lead to differences in parasitism.
... Of the few studies that have quantified the parasite communities of adult coral reef fishes, most have focused on piscivorous (Vignon & Sasal, 2010: Lutjanidae 3 spp., Serranidae 5 spp.), invertivorous (Muñoz et al., 2007: Labridae 14 spp.) and omnivorous species (Lo et al., 1998 Dzikowski et al., 2003), the whitecheek surgeonfish Acanthurus nigricans (L. 1758) and the detritivorous striped-fin surgeonfish Ctenochaetus marginatus (Valenciennes, 1835) (Line Islands Archipelago; Wood et al., 2015). ...
... The abundance and richness of ectoparasites infecting coral reef fish and other animal taxa have previously been linked to differences in body size, with larger-bodied animals providing an increased surface area, a greater resource volume and a potentially greater number of niches (Dáttilo et al., 2020;Lo et al., 1998;Muñoz et al., 2007;Poulin, 1995). Of the three fish species studied, S. doliatus is the largest and was infected with the greatest abundance of parasites overall, largely driven by its high abundance of endoparasites (discussed earlier). ...
... Mugilidae and Sparidae) of similar size and ecology. The differences in parasitism of P. wardi and P. adelus may therefore be due to differences in their ecology, demography (e.g., age; Lo et al., 1998), immunity and infection history (Sol et al., 2003), host and parasite behaviours (Bush & Clayton, 2018;Strohm et al., 2001) and host densities (Arneberg, 2002;Arneberg et al., 1998). Differences in farmed algal communities may also affect the abundance and richness of parasites infecting P. wardi relative to P. adelus. ...
Parasites are important, diverse, and abundant components of natural ecosystems and can influence the behaviour and health of their hosts, inter‐ and intraspecific interactions, and ultimately community structure. Coral reefs are one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems, yet our understanding of the abundance, diversity, and composition of parasite communities of coral reef fishes is limited. Here, the authors aimed to compare the abundance, richness and composition of parasite communities among three co‐occurring herbivorous coral reef fishes (the barred rabbitfish Siganus doliatus, Ward's damsel Pomacentrus wardi and the obscure damsel Pomacentrus adelus) from an inshore reef of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). In total, 3978 parasites (3869 endoparasites and 109 ectoparasites) from 17 families were recovered from 30 individuals of each of the three fish species (mean = 44 ± 22 s.e. parasites per fish; range = 0–1947 parasites per fish). The parasite communities of P. wardi and P. adelus were characterised by pennellid copepods, derogenid and lecithasterid digeneans and were distinct from those of S. doliatus that were characterised by a higher abundance of atractotrematid and gyliauchenid digeneans. The abundance and family richness of all parasites were greatest in S. doliatus (abundance: 22.1 ± 5.0 parasites per fish; richness: 3.2 ± 0.3 families per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (abundance: 4.8 ± 1.1 parasites per fish; richness: 2.3 ± 0.3 families per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (abundance: 1.4 ± 0.4 parasites per fish; richness: 0.9 ± 0.2 families per fish). Similarly, the abundance of endoparasites was greatest in S. doliatus (19.7 ± 5.1 endoparasites per fish), intermediate in P. wardi (2.6 ± 0.7 endoparasites per fish) and lowest in P. adelus (1.2 ± 0.4 endoparasites per fish). Ectoparasite abundances were also lowest for P. adelus (0.2 ± 0.1 ectoparasites per fish), and S. doliatus and P. wardi had comparable abundances of ectoparasites (1.3 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.5 parasites per fish, respectively). Similarities between the parasite assemblages of the two pomacentrids may be related to their similar behaviours and/or diets vs. those of the larger‐bodied and more mobile rabbitfish. Investigating the causes and consequences of variation in parasite communities across a broader range of fish species will be critical to understand the potential role of parasites in coral reef ecosystems.
... The increase in host size and increased infection recorded in this study also agrees with the findings in other copepods such as that by Lo et al. (1998), who reported a higher prevalence of adult Hatschekia Poche, 1902 infecting ...
Additional taxonomic and ecological data for the lernaeid copepod Lamproglena hemprichii Nordmann, 1832 infecting the African tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861, are presented with scanning electron micrographs, molecular characterization, and selected ecological parameters. Eighty fish were collected from Lake Kariba between October 2014 and July 2015. Scanning electron microscopy provided additional data for the morphology, including structures on the antennulae, antennae, and legs. The 18S and 28S rDNA fragments of this species were distinct from those of other Lamproglena taxa but placed this species within this genus. Phylogenetically, L. hemprichii appears closest to L. monodi Capart, 1944, the only other African species for which molecular data is available. The anterior part of the second gill filament was the preferred attachment site. There was a positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r2 = 0.64; P = 0.77) between the length of the parasite and the length of the fish. A positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r2 = 0.61; P = 0.03) between the length of the parasite and the length of the gill filament was also observed. Although the specimens studied here are morphologically highly similar to previous reports of L. hemprichii, some morphological variation was observed, and a revision (morphometric and genetic) of the taxon is suggested. This study provides the first detailed genetic characterization and phylogenetic information for the species.
... This finding is in line with the results reported by Carvajal et al. (1979) in herring, Parophyrs velutus (Girard, 1854), Clupea harengus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Merluccius gayi (Guichenot, 1848). These findings were also confirmed by Lo et al. (1998) in coral reef fish, Stegastes nigricans (Lacepède, 1802), Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cephalopholis argus (Schneider, 1801). However, Poulin (1999) found no correlation between the size of fish and endohelminth infection. ...
Tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861) is of considerable importance in both the commercial and recreational fishery activities of Lake Kariba. In our previous paper (Mabika et al. 2019) we provided information on the seasonal occurrence of metazoan parasites of H. vittatus. This communication provides endohelminth infection statistics of male and female H. vittatus across two seasons not previously included. A total of 80 H. vittatus individuals consisting of 56 females and 24 males were examined for endohelminth parasites during the period October 2014–July 2015 in the Sanyati basin, Lake Kariba. Parasites were recovered from the abdominal cavity, mesentery and intestines. Most of the parasites were harboured in the abdominal cavity in both sexes. Parasite infection was more prevalent during the dry season in comparison to the rainy season for both sexes. Contracaecum larval infection was significantly higher in female (84%) than in male tigerfish (24%), whereas larval cestode infections were significantly higher in male tigerfish (59%) than female fish (16%). The mean condition factor of the male tigerfish (1.68) was not significantly higher than that of the female (1.64). The results of the study indicate that female tigerfish were more suitable hosts to Contracaecum larval infection than the male fish. Further parasitological and histopathological research on tigerfish is recommended to contribute to knowledge on endohelminth diversity and conservation.
... One area that has received particular attention is that of changes in host-parasite relationships, particularly in fish. The reasons for some fish of the same species and origin having more or different parasites than others can have many explanations (Barber et al., 2000;Kennedy, 2009;Selbach et al., 2020), including locality, which may affect presence of potential intermediate hosts (Kennedy, 1975), sampling method (Kvach, Ondračková, et al., 2016), age/size of fish (Lo et al., 1998), fish condition (Rohlenová et al., 2011) or presence of specific pollutants in the aquatic environment (Sures et al., 2017). ...
Increasing levels of persistent pollutants in the aquatic environment are likely to have serious impacts on host-parasite relationships. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of the same age, origin and source were randomly stocked in two pond localities, one fed by treated water from a municipal sewage treatment plant and the other fed by a non-polluted stream. Fish biometric parameters and health status were evaluated after two years of exposure through determination of somatic condition indices, parasite load and concentration of pharmaceuticals. Municipal pollutants were found at both sites, though at significantly higher levels at the polluted site, with antidepressants, antibiotics, analgesics and beta-blockers dominant in each case. Owing to a higher availability of natural food, carp from the polluted locality displayed significantly better body condition than those from the control site, while parasite abundance and species richness were higher at the control site. Our results suggest that, compared to fish from control locality exhibiting diverse and abundant natural parasite fauna, fish from the polluted locality were better able to cope with parasites, due to their better condition status. Fish from this study site may have profited from municipal waste water by avoidance of high levels of parasite infections.
... A su vez, este pez presentó la mayor talla promedio (672 mm) entre las cuatro especies de peces consideradas en esta comparación. Este hecho indicaría que, a mayor talla, mayor riqueza parasitaria, como lo demuestran varios trabajos previos en otros peces y otras áreas (e.g., Lo et al., 1998). ...
RESUMEN: El mero patagónico, Acanthistius patachonicus, es uno de los peces más abundantes de los arrecifes patagónicos. Es capturado por pescadores artesanales y muy consumido en la región. Este estudio reporta nuevos datos parasitológicos para este pez, y compara cualitativamente la riqueza parasitaria hallada con la de otras especies de peces (i.e. Sebastes oculatus, Pinguipes brasilianus y Pseudopercis semifasciata)
que cohabitan con el mero en estos arrecifes. Los hospedadores fueron colectados en los arrecifes rocosos de los golfos San José y Nuevo, y procesados en búsqueda de parásitos. Se identificaron 12 taxa, ocho endoparásitos y cuatro ectoparásitos. Este pez actúa como hospedador intermediario de larvas tipo tetrafilídeo, de Dollfustrema sp. y de Gnathiidae gen. et sp.; como hospedador paraténico de Anisakidae gen. et sp. y de
Corynosoma australe; y como hospedador definitivo de Allobenedenia dischizosepta, Dichelyne (C.) szidati, Clavella sp., Lecithochirium sp., Lecithocladium sp., Dracunculoidea fam. gen. et sp. y de Clavellotis sp. Cinco especies parásitas (Dollfustrema sp., A. dischizosepta, D. (C.) szidati, Dracunculoidea y Clavella sp.) conforman nuevos registros en los golfos norpatagónicos. Las larvas de tetrafilídeo, gnátido, anisákidos y de C. australe son parásitos comunes en las otras tres especies de peces de arrecife. Acanthistius patachonicus, S. oculatus y Pi. brasilianus presentaron una riqueza similar (10 y 12 respectivamente), mientras que de acuerdo a la bibliografía Ps. semifasciata alberga 22 especies, diferencias que podrían estar dadas por el tipo de dieta. Las
cuatro especies de peces presentaron proporciones similares de especies parásitas en estadio larval y adulto. A su vez, se destacan valores intermedios a altos de prevalencias de los taxa potencialmente zoonóticos (L3 de anisákidos y cistacantas de C. australe), presentes en el mero y las otras tres especies de peces mencionadas. La parasitofauna del mero refleja la capacidad de transportar larvas y su rol versátil como presa de mamíferos marinos, aves o grandes peces, y como depredador de peces pequeños e invertebrados en las tramas tróficas de dichos arrecifes.
... For example, larger species of black fly larvae may contain larger nutrient reserves or more living space and, thus, might be affected by multiple infections of mermithids (Cable & van Oosterhout, 2007), as shown with S. grossifilum having the highest mermithid burden in our study. Larger larvae also might be more likely to be infected by mermithids, as they have a larger total surface area for the mermithid to penetrate compared with smaller larvae (Lo et al., 1998). ...
Mermithids are parasites of black flies that cause host mortality along with physical and behavioural changes in infected hosts. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the distribution of mermithids infecting black fly larvae and the factors that influence these distributions in Asia, including Malaysia. A total of 13,116 mid- to late-instar black fly larvae belonging to 42 species were collected from 138 streams across East and West Malaysia and screened for the presence of mermithid parasites. Overall, 121 mermithids were obtained from 107 (0.82%) larvae of nine (21.4%) black fly species. The average number of mermithids per black fly host was 1.10 ± 0.04 (SE), ranging from one to three mermithids per host. Mermithid infection was highest in Simulium trangense, with a frequency of occurrence of 6.5%, followed by S. cheongi (5.8%) and S. angulistylum complex (2.9%). Infection was lowest in S. brevipar and S. tahanense, with a frequency of occurrence of 0.7% each. Regression analysis indicated that mermithid infections in larval black flies were significantly associated with cooler and shallower streams with more canopy cover, dense riparian vegetation, high dissolved oxygen, and lower conductivity and pH. Forward logistic regression further indicated that infections in S. cheongi were associated with shaded, cooler, slightly acidic streams with higher conductivity and dissolved oxygen. These findings suggest that mermithid infections in larval black flies in Malaysia are not randomly distributed and are influenced by the breeding habitat of their hosts.
... Surprisingly, fish length was not found to influence the number of parasite taxa reported in galaxiids, despite larger, long-lived hosts, with associated ontogenetic diet changes often resulting in encounters with a wide range of parasites [97][98][99]. The absence of such patterns may be attributed to the majority of studies focusing on Ga. ...
Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowledge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro- and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus. Parasite diversity generally increased with the number of studies and individual fish examined, however studies which examined parasites from all body tissues could overcome the effects of low study effort. In order to promote further understanding of galaxiid–parasite biodiversity, we provide a series of recommendations, including the use of molecular techniques to verify parasite identity, and highlight the future roles both fish biologists and parasitologists can play.
