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Introduction: Variations in human skull are of clinical
importance as it is may be associated with some clinical
symptoms. Wide emissary foramina are usually associated
with large emissary veins. Abnormally wide emissary veins
may cause hemorrhage, infection or air embolism in suboccipital
craniotomies. The dural sinuses also show a wide range
of a...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... and sigmoid sulci were taken as follow: Three measurements were detected: One at the beginning of the sulcus (internal occipital protuberance and mastoid angle), one at the termi- nation (mastoid angle and jugular foramen) and the middle was taken at the widest part of the sulcus groove then the mean diameter for each was calcu- lated ( Fig. 1-A,B). The diameters of three paired foramina (mastoid, anterior (hypoglossal) and pos- terior condylar canals) were measured along the maximum and minimal diameters from inside and outside except for posterior condylar canal which was measured from inside only and the mean diam- eters were calculated ( Fig. 2 A,B,C,D) [13]. In case of ...
Context 2
... we found that the right sided sulci were larger than the left ones with a statistically signif- icant difference except for the transverse sulcus in 3D CT skulls (Tables 3,8,12). These results might be expected because the larger superior sagittal sinus continues in succession as right transverse sinus, right sigmoid sinus and right internal jugular vein. ...
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Objective: To explore the precise location of the keypoint during craniotomy using the retrosigmoid keyhole approach.
Methods: This study included 20 dry skulls and 10 wet cadaveric specimens. On the inner surface of dry skulls, the junction between the inferior margin of the transverse sinus (ITS) and the posterior margin of the sigmoid sinus (TSJ...
Citations
... Comparatively, then, the sulcus in the juvenile is expanded which suggests an increase in the diameter of the transverse sinus. A contemporary sample of Egyptian adults was reported to have an average right sulcus sinus transversi width of 8.07 ± 1.9 mm (range= 4.16− 10.30 mm) based on dry skull measurements (Elsaed et al., 2013). The maximum width of the sulcus in the juvenile case here falls in the upper range of the Egyptian adult values. ...
Objective: This case study evaluates a focal osteolytic lesion in the right sulcus sinus transversi of an isolated os occipitale. Materials: The os occipitale is from a juvenile from the Cueva de Sangre at the Classic Period (250− 900 CE) site of Dos Pilas, Guatemala Methods: The lesion was examined macroscopically, microscopically, and radiographically. Results: The oval lesion has a well-circumscribed margin, endocranial origin, and involves cortical destruction of the inner and outer tables. Subperiosteal bone reaction around the lesion is present on the ectocranial surface. Skeletal evidence of increased vascularity, diploë expansion, and perimortem fracture near the lesion are not observed. Conclusions: The lesion appears to reflect a response to the presence of an expansile process that has caused pressure erosion. The anatomical location of the lesion and the endocranial origin suggest a probable vascular anomaly, such as a vascular malformation. Significance: This case study represents one of the few bioarchaeological evaluations of probable vascular anomaly in a juvenile. As such, it expands our knowledge about vascular anomalies in the past and provides a comparative and core reference for guiding future paleopathological investigations on cranial osteolytic lesions. Limitations: The skeletal assemblage is commingled and fragmentary preventing the assessment of the distribution of lesions across the skeleton. Suggestions for future research: Further scrutiny of bioarchaeological collections is needed to better understand the distribution of vascular anomalies in the past.
... The anatomical variations in emissary foramen were also found to be correlated with some diseases such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, neurofibromatosis, Cruzons syndrome, brachy microcephaly, and mental retardation. [10,[12][13][14][15] As the posterior condylar vein may be localized very closely with the tumors in the skull base or neck; the location, dilatation and variations of this vein should be identified before performing surgeries in the posterior cranial fossa and posterior cervical region. The PCC and posterior condylar emissary vein are also important anatomical landmarks for lateral foramen magnum surgical approaches. ...
... Recognizing this anatomical structure and its variations in imaging studies will prevent misinterpretation of radiological scans as it can be confused with glomus jugulare tumor or calcified lymph node. [1,7,8] Since the morphological variations of the cranial foramina could be a consequence of many diseases or other extrinsic factors such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, neurofibromatosis, Cruzons syndrome, brachy microcephaly, and mental retardation; [10,[12][13][14][15] the gender variations noted in our study can also help in better understanding of the gender influences on these diseases. ...
