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-Fifty percent majority rule consensus ITS rDNA phylogram of the genus Schizophyllum obtained in MrBayes from 3,825 sampled trees. Nodes supported by > 0.95 Bayesian PP or > 70% ML BP are shown annotated
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Schizophyllum amplum (Agaricales, Schizophyllaceae) is reported for the first time in Malta and Estonia. The collections from Malta were examined morphologically and compared with previously published accounts of this species. The specimens from Estonia and Malta were sequenced after PCR amplification with ITS1F and ITS4 for ITS region. The sequenc...
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... in GenBank (L43381 and L43382) showed a 50 bp deletion and 8 differences at other positions, resulting in a 87.5% similarity with the lineage of the samples analyzed in the present work. However, phylogenetic inferences grouped them all together in a significantly supported clade different from that of S. commune, S. umbrinum and S. fasciatum (Fig. 1). This is the first published record of S. amplum in the Maltese Islands and Estonia. Schizophyllum amplum is a very rare species in Malta, always associated with Populus alba in areas near small streams. The single Estonian collection was growing on Populus tremula. The species is also rare in other parts of Europe (Wojewoda, ...
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... The ITS sequence obtained for each sample was used as a query and subjected to NCBI-BLAST (National Institute of Health-Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) to verify the genus of the corresponding sequence. Based on the genus of the samples, reference nucleotide sequences were retrieved from GenBank considering recently published data (Karunarathna et al. 2011, Sammut et al. 2019, Kaygusuz et al. 2020, Kshirsagar et al. 2020, Chattopadhyay et al. 2022, Kumla et al. 2022, Miriyagalla et al. 2022, Ediriweera et al. 2023, Haqnawaz et al. 2023. The ITS sequences of the samples and the reference sequences were aligned with ClustalW and further improved with MUSCLE implemented in MEGA 11 (Tamura et al. 2011). ...
With the increasing world population, identifying additional food sources is crucial. Mushrooms have long been considered a nutraceutical and are consumed globally, including in Sri Lanka. Due to its abundant biodiversity, there is a significant potential for diverse wild edible mushrooms in Sri Lanka. However, the identification of these mushrooms based on morphological characteristics can often be misleading. Molecular characterization ensures more accurate and reliable identification of mushrooms, yet it has not been conducted extensively in Sri Lanka. This study collected several wild edible mushroom samples from Colombo and Rathnapura Districts of Sri Lanka. The edibility of these wild edible mushrooms was confirmed based on traditional knowledge and later verified by published literature. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of ITS rDNA sequence data and morphological characteristics were used to determine the identity of the collected mushrooms. In this study, six edible mushrooms, Calvatia candida, Pleurotus giganteus, Schizophyllum radiatum, Termitomyces heimii, T. microcarpus, and Volvariella volvacea were identified based on morphology and phylogeny. Calvatia candida and S. radiatum are reported as new records for Sri Lanka, while this is the first study conducted on molecular characterization of V. volvacea in Sri Lanka. Finally, this study aims to increase the research interest, cultivation, commercialization, and conservation of these identified edible mushrooms in Sri Lanka.
... Within this fungal genus, 15 However, ex-type strains for many of the described species do not exist, and only a small number of strains recognized by the experts have been deposited into several public culture collections (i.e., S. commune, S. fasciatum, S. radiatum, and S. umbrinum) [5]. S. commune and S. radiatum were earlier considered conspecific due to morphological and ITS rDNA genetic similarity; however, multigenetic analyses confirmed that both species are similar and closely related but of independent taxa [1,6]. umbrinum) [5]. ...
... umbrinum) [5]. S. commune and S. radiatum were earlier considered conspecific due to morphological and ITS rDNA genetic similarity; however, multigenetic analyses confirmed that both species are similar and closely related but of independent taxa [1,6]. ...
... A study from 1961 reported over 3714 specimens of genus Schizophyllum, where over 96% were attributed to S. commune, 2% were assigned to S. fasciatum, 2% to S. umbrinum, while S. leprieurii was represented only within four collections, S. Brasiliense within two, and S. palmatum within a single collection [7]. Other species have not been researched as much, considering that they are rarely found in nature and little attention was paid to them during field research [2,6,7]. There are only scarce data related to the morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution of S. brasiliense, S. fasciatum, S. leprieurii, S. lobatum, S. palmatum, S. umbrinum, and S. variabile [7]. ...
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate new research on the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholine, antimicrobial, and antitumor activity of genus Schizophyllum, as well as to describe the mycochemical profiles. A summary was made on the published studies in the five-year period from 2017 to 2022, with the focus on the most investigated species of this genus, S. commune. Data were obtained through various scientific online databases, including Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Wiley Online Library using specific keywords. Out of 918 records published between 2017 and 2022, a total of 44 peer-reviewed studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Most examined compounds were glucans isolated from the submerged cultivation of S. commune, even though many studies reported proteins, phenolics, and some other secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, etc. Schizo-phyllan (SPG), one of the most studied β-glucans isolated from S. commune, has been utilized in clinical trials to treat patients receiving anticancer therapy as an immunopotentiator. Considering the enormous biopotential of genus Schizophyllum, specifically S. commune and S. radiatum, additional attention should be paid to identify the biomolecules more accurately and focus on their antitumor and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties, since they proved to have great prospects in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
... from SW China and Taiwan. In contrast, Auriculariopsis is congeneric with Schizophyllum placed in Agaricales (Nakasone 1996;Sammut et al. 2019), and Phlebia s.s. is placed in the Meruliaceae of Polyporales (Fig. 1). Basidiocarps of Cytidiella are usually yellow, orange or brownish, membranaceous, subceraceous to ceraceous, discoid, effused, effused-reflexed or even pileate, and often with light-colored margins. ...
The phlebioid clade (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) accommodates numerous species of corticioid and polyporoid fungi of the Phanerochaetaceae, Irpicaceae, and Meruliaceae. The present study used morphological and phylogenetic approaches to revise the generic classification of the phlebioid clade and survey species diversity. The phylogenetic analyses were performed using sequences of multiple genes, including the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), the D1-D2 domains of 28S rDNA (28S), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1). We overall recognize 57 genera including six new ones (Alboefibula, Cremeoderma, Gelatinofungus, Luteochaete, Phanerochaetella and Quasiphlebia). We describe 26 new species belonging to 15 genera (Alboefibula bambusicola, A. gracilis, Crustodontia taiwanensis, Cytidiella albomarginata, Efibula matsuensis, E. turgida, E. subglobispora, Gelatinofungus brunneus, Hydnophlebia aurantia, H. crocata, Irpex lenis, Mycoaciella efibulata, Phanerochaete alpina, P. crystallina, P. guangdongensis, P. rhizomorpha, P. spadicea, P. subcarnosa, Phanerochaetella formosana, Phlebiopsis odontoidea, P. yushaniae, Quasiphlebia densa, Rhizochaete chinensis, Roseograndinia jilinensis, R. minispora, and Scopuloides allantoidea), and present 18 new combinations belonging to 12 genera (Cremeoderma unicum, Crustodontia nigrodontea, C. tongxiniana, Cytidiella albida, Efibula intertexta, Hydnophlebia alachuana, Irpex laceratus, I. latemarginatus, I. rosettiformis, Luteochaete subglobosa, Luteoporia lutea, Phanerochaetella angustocystidiata, P. exilis, P. leptoderma, P. xerophila, Phlebiopsis alba, Rhizochaete lutea, Scopuloides dimorpha). Descriptions, illustrations and notes of new species and some new records are provided, as well as identification keys to genera of each family.
... DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of the fungus were performed by Alvalab (Oviedo, Spain) using protocols previously reported (Alvarado et al., 2018;Sammut et al., 2019). The genomic DNA was extracted from dried fruiting bodies and amplification was carried out with the ITS1F-ITS4 primer pair (White et al., 1990). ...
Coprinellus andreorum sp. nov. is described for the first time from Malta. A full description with illustrations of the macro and micromorphological characters, as well as its phylogenetic position is provided. This species differs from Coprinellus aureogranulatus by the large pleurocystidia, the narrower spores and multidigitate caulocystidia. Some species from sect. Domestici are discussed and compared.
Wood-decaying fungi are important study subjects for their ecological role as well as for their biotechnological applications. They break down lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses using enzymes that modify the chemical structure of these complex macromolecules. Due to their ability to degrade wood, these fungi can create structural damage to wooden structures and to trees, especially those with very low level of fitness. Previous studies on wood decay fungi in the Maltese Islands are limited to records and checklists described by a handful of authors. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of wood decay fungal diversity in the Maltese Islands including an updated checklist based on DNA barcoding, as well as to establish the first wood-decay fungal culture collection at the Biology Department Seed Bank of the University of Malta. Several surveys were carried out during the rainy season along wooded areas of the Maltese Islands as well as in historical gardens. Isolates were identified using macro- and micro-morphological features, dichotomous keys, as well as molecular data. Basidiomes were recorded growing on 14 different host plant species, 11 axenic cultures have been made and 9 species of wood decay fungi have been conclusively identified by DNA barcoding. The collection of the axenic isolates includes one of Aurificaria cf. euphoria, three of Ganoderma resinaceum sl., two of Laetiporus sulphureus, one of Inonotus sp., one of Inonotus rickii anamorph, one of Inocutis tamaricis, one of Stereum hirsutum, and one of Pleurotus eryngii. However, the mycelium of Coriolopsis gallica, though collected and identified, could not be isolated.
Fourty new records of macro fungi are reported
for the first time from Malta. Some members have
been confirmed molecularly using ITS sequence
data: Cortinarius castaneus, Crepidotus neotrichocystis,
Entoloma graphitipes, Entoloma rusticoides,
Lepiota lilacea, Leucoagaricus barssii,
Lyophyllum littorale, Mycena olivaceomarginata,
Pseudosperma squamatum, Volvariella
taylorii and Trichoglossum variabile. A checklist
of fungi reported to date from the Maltese
Islands is provided.
