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Fidelity as a function of the number of qubits in the chain, for γ = 0.5. The state to be teleported is |ψ = (|0 + |1)/ √ 2. The results are obtained from the quantum trajectories method with N = 400 (circles) and from direct integration of the master equation (triangles). Inset: the same but with a logarithmic scale for ¯ F .
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We study the fidelity of quantum teleportation for the situation in which quantum logic gates are used to provide the long distance entanglement required in the protocol, and where the effect of a noisy environment is modeled by means of a generalized amplitude damping channel. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the quantum trajectories a...
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Citations
... Since its beginnings [1], the use of the quantum teleportation protocol ranges from its original application in quantum communications [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], to its function of supporting future optical networks for the distribution of quantum keys. Specifically, in the quantum cryptography context [22,23], fiber optic cabling for terrestrial implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols [24][25][26][27] requires quantum repeaters every certain number of kilometers [28,29], which in turn requires a large amount of quantum memory. ...
... While in the original protocol [1] the classical channel is used for disambiguation, that is, transporting two classical bits for this purpose, in the non-ambiguous version the classical channel is used for the synchronization of the measurements carried out by Alice (the sender) and Bob (the receiver). However, the measurement performed by Alice in the proposed version is not implemented via a Bell state measurement (BSM) module [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], as in the original version [1], but through one liquid crystal rotatable polarizer [41] or a combination of two free-space electro-optic modulators (EOM) [42] and one fixed horizontal polarizer, which creates and projects the state inducted by Alice (the sender) onto Bob's side (the receiver). Furthermore, Bob does not need to apply any unitary transforms to reconstruct the teleported state. ...
... This channel arises from the creation and subsequent distribution of entangled particles, which in our case are photons. The second channel is the classic one [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], which, as we have already mentioned before, transports classic disambiguation bits in the original version of the quantum teleportation protocol so that the receiver (Bob) can correctly reconstruct the teleported qubit. However, in the simplified or non-ambiguous version of teleportation, this channel will carry a synchronization signal, which will allow the correct coordination and recovery of the teleported qubit on the receiver side (Bob). ...
In this study, a new version of the quantum teleportation protocol is presented, which does not require a Bell state measurement (BSM) module on the sender side (Alice), a unitary transform to reconstruct the teleported state on the receiver side (Bob), neither a disambiguation process through two classic bits that travel through a classic disambiguation channel located between sender and receiver. The corresponding theoretical deduction of the protocol, as well as the experimental verification of its operation for several examples of qubits through implementation on an optical table, complete the present study. Both the theoretical and experimental outcomes show a marked superiority in the performance of the new protocol over the original version, with more simplicity and lower implementation costs, and identical fidelity in its most complete version.
... Since their appearance in the literature (Bennett et al. 1993), both the quantum teleportation protocol and superdense coding have become central components of a key area within quantum information processing (Nielsen and Chuang 2004) known as quantum communications (Pathak 2013;Cariolaro 2015;Mishra 2016;Imre and Gyongyosi 2012). During the last three decades, both protocols have been successfully implemented on different platforms (Bouwmeester et al. 1997;Boschi et al. 1998;Furusawa et al 1998;Barrett et al. 2004;Riebe et al. 2004;Jacob et al. 2006;Yang 2009;Ma, et al. 2012;Houwelingen et al. 2006;Carlo et al. 2003;Marzolino and Buchleitner 2016;Hedemann 1605;Huo et al. 2018;Mastriani 2018) in order to transmit information through a combination of classical and quantum channels. ...
... Since 1997, a series of experiments have demonstrated the practical feasibility of Quantum Teleportation protocol (Bouwmeester et al. 1997;Boschi et al. 1998;Furusawa et al 1998;Barrett et al. 2004;Riebe et al. 2004;Jacob et al. 2006;Yang 2009;Ma et al. 2012;Houwelingen et al. 2006), even in the presence of noise (Carlo et al. 2003;Marzolino and Buchleitner 2016;Hedemann 1605;Huo et al. 2018). Thirteen years later, Prof. Hotta (Hotta 2010) demonstrated how energy could be teleported, triggering all kinds of speculations about the possible teleportation of matter, by virtue of the close link between matter and energy starting from the famous Einstein equation, E = m c 2 , for a particle at rest. ...
... From here on, we will follow a procedure similar to that in Table 1 but taking into account how sensitively the state is affected by noise. In fact, seeing Eq. (9), it is evident that it is almost impossible to recover the state � ⟩ in an exact way (Carlo et al. 2003;Marzolino and Buchleitner 2016;Hedemann 1605;Huo et al. 2018;Mastriani 2018Mastriani , 2022). ...
During the last 30 years the scientific community has coexisted with the most fascinating protocol due to Quantum Physics: quantum teleportation, which would have been impossible if quantum entanglement, so questioned by Einstein, did not exist. In this work, a complete architecture for the teleportation of Computational Basis States (CBS) is presented. Such CBS will represent each of the possible 24 classical bits commonly used to encode every pixel of a 3-color-channel image (red–green–blue, or cyan–yellow–magenta). For this purpose, a couple of interfaces: classical-to-quantum and quantum-to-classical are presented with two versions of the teleportation protocol: standard and simplified.
... e e ect of noise has been widely analyzed for teleportation [72,73,74,75,76]. In this part, we present a second modi cation [71] of quantum teleportation, involving noise, that is part of the original component of this thesis (which was done in collaboration with my supervisor). ...
In this doctoral thesis we provide one of the first theoretical expositions on a quantum effect known as entanglement in time. It can be viewed as an interdependence of quantum systems across time, which is stronger than could ever exist between classical systems. We explore this temporal effect within the study of quantum information and its foundations as well as through relativistic quantum information. An original contribution of this thesis is the design of one of the first applications of entanglement in time.
... Bob receives the two bits from Alice in (22) through a classical channel. This protocol has been extended to probabilistic cases [50][51][52] and noisy cases [53][54][55][56][57]. ...
The quantum Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem addresses the question of whether the quantum state corresponds to a ψ -ontic model (system’s physical state) or to a ψ -epistemic model (observer’s knowledge about the system). We reformulate the PBR theorem as a Monty Hall game and show that winning probabilities, for switching doors in the game, depend on whether it is a ψ -ontic or ψ -epistemic game. For certain cases of the latter, switching doors provides no advantage. We also apply the concepts involved in quantum teleportation, in particular for improving reliability.
... Bob receives the two bits from Alice in (16) through a classical channel. This protocol has been extended to probabilistic cases [50][51][52] and noisy cases [53][54][55][56][57]. Monty Hall teleportation: For our first application, we want to modify the standard teleportation protocol into a Monty Hall game. ...
The quantum Pusey--Barrett--Rudolph (PBR) theorem addresses the question of whether the quantum state corresponds to a $\psi$-ontic model (system's physical state) or to a $\psi$-epistemic model (observer's knowledge about the system). We reformulate the PBR theorem as a Monty Hall game, and show that winning probabilities, for switching doors in the game, depend whether it is a $\psi$-ontic or $\psi$-epistemic game. For certain cases of the latter, switching doors provides no advantage. We also apply the concepts involved to quantum teleportation, in particular for improving reliability.
... Since 1997, a series of experiments have demonstrated the practical feasibility of QTele protocol (QTele) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], even in the presence of noise [19][20][21][22]. Thirteen years later, Prof. Hotta [23] demonstrated how energy could be teleported, triggering all kinds of speculations about the possible teleportation of matter, by virtue of the close link between matter and energy starting from the famous Einstein equation, E = m c 2 , for a particle at rest. ...
... It is clear from Equation (18) that no disambiguation is necessary. Alice blocks her two branch thanks to a qubit reset gate [|0>] pair in order to annul all the projections with |1> components in Eq. (18) and (19). The No-Cloning Theorem [2] is never violated. ...
During the last 25 years the scientific community has coexisted with the most fascinating 9 protocol due to Quantum Physics: quantum teleportation (QTele), which would have been 10 impossible if quantum entanglement, so questioned by Einstein, did not exist. In this work, a 11 complete architecture for the teleportation of Computational Basis States (CBS) is presented. Such 12 CBS will represent each of the possible 24 classical bits commonly used to encode every pixel of a 13 3-color-channel-image (red-green-blue, or cyan-yellow-magenta). For this purpose, a couple of 14 interfaces: classical-to-quantum (Cl2Qu) and quantum-to-classical (Qu2Cl) are presented with two 15 versions of the teleportation protocol: standard and simplified. 16
... There has been a number of successful proposals for tests and analyses of the teleportation protocol based on the study of the density matrix describing the system as a whole, i.e. including the entangled pair and the state to be teleported [21][22][23][24]. The evaluation of a forward evolution of a quantum master equation, however, requires prior knowledge of the initial state, which is not known. ...
... The overlap, A ψ|ρ B |ψ A , yields the fidelity of the final state and we estimate the protocol fidelity as the average over the state fidelities [21,22] by choosing 500 random input states from a uniform distribution over the Haar measure [41]. The results of such simulations are shown as function of the detector efficiency in Fig. 4 and as function of the probing time in retrodiction is applied. ...
We propose a minimal scheme for a quantum teleportation protocol using only two qubits and one cavity field, with the cavity field used both for encoding discrete information and for readout. An implementation of the scheme with superconducting qubits and resonators is presented. Our compact scheme restricts the accessible information to the signal emitted from the resonator and, hence, it relies on continuous probing rather than an instantaneous projective Bell state measurement. We show that the past quantum state formalism [S. Gammelmark et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 160401] can be successfully applied to estimate what would have been the most likely Bell measurement outcome conditioned on our continuous signal. This inferred outcome determines the local qubit operation on the target qubit which yields the optimal teleportation fidelity.
... For many-atom system, we cannot simulate the dynamics evolution directly because of the increased complexity. In order to get additional insight, we use Monte Carlo wave function method 23,24 to calculate the time evolution of four-and five-atom states. The simulations are performed under 200 quantum trajectories for each time point. ...
We discuss a method to perform dissipation-assisted quantum state manipulation in a cavity. We show that atomic spontaneous emission and cavity decay might be exploited to drive many atoms into many-body steady-state entanglement. Our protocol offers a dramatic improvement in fidelity when noise strength increases. Moreover, the dephasing noise is suppressed effectively by showing that high-fidelity target state can be obtained in a dissipative environment.
... There are also many proposals using multi-particle entangled states [36,37]. Teleportation in a noisy environment is considered in [38][39][40]. Wei et al. [8] presented a scheme to teleport an two-level quantum state probabilistically in the situation that quantum channel is only available for the sender. There are many outstanding results have been gotten, whereas we will account for quantum teleportation in another way. ...
Two novel schemes are proposed to teleport an unknown two-level quantum state probabilistically when the sender and the receiver only have partial information about the quantum channel, respectively. This is distinct from the fact that either the sender or the receiver has entire information about the quantum channel in previous schemes for probabilistic teleportation. Theoretical analysis proves that these schemes are straightforward, efficient and cost-saving. The concrete realization procedures of our schemes are presented in detail, and the result shows that our proposals could extend the application range of probabilistic teleportation.
... In QTP, the sender does not directly transmit the unknown photon; therefore, the receiver has to reconstruct its state using appropriate unitary operators . Since the first unidirectional quantum teleportation (UQTP) was introduced by Bennett et al., [2] many modified QTP schemes have been proposed [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][34][35][36][37][38][39] and implemented experimentally. [15][16][17][34][35][36][37][38][39]Recently, bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation (BQCTP) schemes using a five-qubit Brown state, [23] fivequbit cluster state, [24] five-qubit composite GHZ-Bell state, [25] five-qubit state, [26] and six-qubit cluster state [27] have been proposed. ...
... Since the first unidirectional quantum teleportation (UQTP) was introduced by Bennett et al., [2] many modified QTP schemes have been proposed [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][34][35][36][37][38][39] and implemented experimentally. [15][16][17][34][35][36][37][38][39]Recently, bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation (BQCTP) schemes using a five-qubit Brown state, [23] fivequbit cluster state, [24] five-qubit composite GHZ-Bell state, [25] five-qubit state, [26] and six-qubit cluster state [27] have been proposed. These are simultaneous teleportation schemes that are used for teleporting two unknown quantum states between users who regain the initial states. ...
... Thereafter, various studies involving QTP protocols investigated noise. [37,39] For the second type of noise, when photon T (a single photon) is transferred from Alice to Bob, this photon is influenced by unavoidable absorption and scattering (noise) in a quantum channel. Amplifying the signal can, in principle, compensate for inevitable transmission losses. ...
We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary (CU) gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQTP) scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits (photons) with cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs), X-homodyne detectors, and linear optical elements, and consists of the consecutive operation of a controlled-path (C-path) gate and a gathering-path (G-path) gate. It is almost deterministic and feasible with current technology when a strong coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Based on the CU gate, we present a BQTP scheme that simultaneously teleports two unknown photons between distant users by transmitting only one photon in a path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entangled state. Consequently, it is possible to experimentally implement BQTP with a certain success probability using the proposed CU gate.
