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This study aims to investigate the effects of ionic salt liquid and biomass concentration to partial vapour pressure change in hydrothermal carbonization system. The durability of reactor and safety aspect are crucial point for constant volume system which pressure is independence and important in scaling up hydrothermal process. The ionic salt inc...
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... case of the pressure reduction of corncob suspension in HTC reactor, the lower concentration of biomass without ionic salt tend to more reduce the partial pressure. By considering the fibre composition of hydrochar produced from the 240 o C reaction temperature with 100 minutes reaction time, hemicellulose obviously gradually decrease corresponding with higher biomass concentration as shown in Table 2. ...Similar publications
The hydrothermal refinery is a promising thermochemical upgrading technology for high-moisture biomass and wastes. This work aimed to investigate the effect of chloride and propionate anions on hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of corn residues. Initial concentrations of ionic salt liquids used as a hydrothermal medium were within 0.33–1.71...
Self-activation is an endothermic process in the form of physical/thermal activation that utilizes the gases produced during the high temperature pyrolysis of a carbonaceous material. This serves as the activation agent resulting in the conversion of the material into activated carbon. Because the pyrolysis happens in a sealed high temperature envi...
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... It should be utilized and upgraded to high-value products, such as bio-solid fuel [1], bio-oils [2], biochemical compounds [3], adsorbents [4], or energy storage materials [5]. Hydrothermal technology that uses hot compressed water or subcritical water act as a solvent, reactant, or catalyst that can be applied to this high-moisture biomass to produce various high-value products [6]. ...
... HTC occurred in the self-generated pressurized reactor within 2-6 MPa [51]. The reaction pressure and temperature of ionic salt liquid hydrothermal medium with concentrations of 0.33, 0.43, and 0.65 for CP and molality of 0.86, 1.14, and 1.71 mol/kg for NaCl from a previous study [6] were compared in this study. It was found that the vapor pressure tended to be low at higher molalities of ionic salt liquid. ...
... Figure 8 shows FT-IR spectrums of corncob, six hydrochar, and lignin reference samples. The (6) %Removed − hemicellulose = 1.0919e 1.4931f (7) %Removed − hemicellulose = 24.695lnf + 2.4226 Table 5 Experimental setup, experimental data, and severity parameter description of functional groups for FT-IR interpretation is given in Table 7. ...
The hydrothermal refinery is a promising thermochemical upgrading technology for high-moisture biomass and wastes. This work aimed to investigate the effect of chloride and propionate anions on hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of corn residues. Initial concentrations of ionic salt liquids used as a hydrothermal medium were within 0.33–1.71 mol/kg at the biomass/water weight ratio of 1/20 and 1/10 with a reaction temperature of 240C. The hydrochar obtained had low hemicellulose content and hydrogen/carbon molar ratio and high oxygen/carbon molar ratio. It was further upgraded to activated hydrochar with a maximum BET surface area of 2,144.22 m²g⁻¹ and micropore volume of 1.08 cm³g⁻¹ by soaking with 0.1 M phosphoric acid for 2 h followed by thermal activation at 900C for 2 h within a CO2 environment. In addition, prediction of the removed hemicellulose from hydrochar was studied, focusing on the effect of lowering vapor pressure, molar concentration of ionic salt, and biomass concentration.
Thailand and south-east Asia have been struggled with agriculture biomass residues management for decades where open burning causes severe air pollution affecting millions of people every year. Thermal carbonization is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly techniques which converted the low value residues such as straw, corn stovers and corncob into a more valuable material such as solid biofuel, chemical adsorbent feed stocks. This study aims to explore crucial characteristics of carbonized corncob including fibre composition, BET surface area and FT-IR spectrums. The characteristics can be used to identify the potential of the material for further surface enhancement or surface activation to produce the bio-based activated carbon. The carbonization process in this work includes mild temperature hydrothermal technique and high-temperature pyrolysis process. The hydrothermal carbonization temperature is set at 250°C in a pressurized reactor where a pyrolysis is operated at 480°C and 380°C at atmospheric pressure. The BET surface area of “hydrochared” corncob derived from hydrothermal is 11.53 compared with 16.13 m ² g ⁻¹ of the raw materials. The pyrolized biochar at 480°C and 380°C yields surface area of 7.66 and 6.12 m ² g ⁻¹ . The oxygenated functional groups on char surface and BET surface area are also compared to provide baseline for carbon activation.
