Figure - uploaded by Bala Veerabathini
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations are relatively rare conditions present in fetuses that may result in intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs). We report a case of a 42-year-old female who presented at 29 weeks gestation with lack of a fetal heart beat likely due to a congenital malformation resulting in IUFD. This case report and lit...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... initial vitals were notable for an elevated blood pressure of 168/100, but otherwise vital signs were within normal limits. The fetal ultrasound dimensions are noted in Table 1 and pertinent lab results on admission are listed in Table 2. She denied any tobacco, alcohol, or recreational drug use. ...Context 2
... initial vitals were notable for an elevated blood pressure of 168/100, but otherwise vital signs were within normal limits. The fetal ultrasound dimensions are noted in Table 1 and pertinent lab results on admission are listed in Table 2. She denied any tobacco, alcohol, or recreational drug use. ...Citations
... The neural tube is formed by the fusion of ectodermal folds during the embryological development of the fetus. It leads to the creation of the brain and spinal cord, mainly during the 3rd and 4th week of pregnancy [1]. When there is a lack of closure and failure of the ectoderm to separate and form the neuroectoderm, there is a defect in the skull that forms with herniation of the brain tissue [1]. ...
... It leads to the creation of the brain and spinal cord, mainly during the 3rd and 4th week of pregnancy [1]. When there is a lack of closure and failure of the ectoderm to separate and form the neuroectoderm, there is a defect in the skull that forms with herniation of the brain tissue [1]. Encephaloceles can affect any part of the skull, but 75% of cases affect the occipital area [1]. ...
... When there is a lack of closure and failure of the ectoderm to separate and form the neuroectoderm, there is a defect in the skull that forms with herniation of the brain tissue [1]. Encephaloceles can affect any part of the skull, but 75% of cases affect the occipital area [1]. ...
Encephaloceles and severe cardiac malformations are rare presentations in a newborn. The mechanism of these congenital abnormalities is relatively unknown, but it is hypothesized to be related to genetic, environmental, and maternal risk factors. This case report describes a newborn with an occipital encephalocele associated with severe right ventricular hypoplasia secondary to tricuspid and pulmonary atresia. The patient’s maternal risk factors included obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and everyday tobacco use during pregnancy. Education on preconception planning, management, and counseling is essential as a preventative measure in fetal development and is further emphasized in this case.
... 1 Encephaloceles, a type of neural tube defect, can manifest as either meningoceles or meningoencephaloceles. 2 Scalp defects with thin membranes result when the surface ectoderm fails to separate from the underlying neuroectoderm as the neural tube closes in the third to fourth week of gestation. 3 Both ACC and encephalocele occur with an incidence of one in 10,000, and the most common location is the scalp vertex. ...
The differential diagnosis of large congenital scalp defects includes aplasia cutis and encephalocele, among others. Treatment includes conservative management with dressings or operative management with dermal substitutes, skin grafting, local flaps, and free flaps. This case report discusses the technical considerations and reconstructive strategies for repair of a meningocele in a newborn with a large 5.5-cm scalp defect. The key strategies include preemptive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion with external ventricular drain to reduce the risk of CSF leak and mitigate wound-healing complications; careful identification and avoidance of key anatomic structures, such as the superior sagittal sinus, as anatomy may be significantly distorted due to the presence of a meningocele and after CSF diversion; and careful, thoughtful design of the local scalp flaps to maximize blood supply and to avoid tension on the final reconstruction.
... ➢ Differential diagnosis ❖ There are two main differential diagnoses. Cystic hygroma must be distinguished from occipital meningoencephalocele (presence of an occipital bone defect and intracranial communication), and from cystic lymphangioma of the neck (which is more anterior and lateralized) [8] . ➢ Prognosis ❖ It depends on the presence or absence of chromosomal abnormalities. ...
Hydrops fetalis refers to the excessive accumulation of fluid in the extracellular compartment of the fetus. Cystic hygroma is a congenital malformation of the cervical lymphatic system responsible for an accumulation of lymphatic fluid commonly in the retrocervical region. Cystic hygromas are most often associated with chromosomal abnormalities. When a cystic hygroma is diagnosed in utero, the fetal survival rate is only 2-6%. When hydrops fetalis is present with cystic hygroma, the mortality rate is close to 100%. We present here the case of a 23-year-old primigravida in whom an ultrasound performed at 17 weeks of amenorrhea revealed a posterior cervical cystic hygroma associated with hydrops fetalis, the evolution of which was marked by intrauterine fetal death two weeks later. Keywords: Hydrops fetalis, Cystic hygroma, Chromosomal abnormalities, Prenatal diagnosis.
... Encephalocele is a congenital NTD in which a sac containing the brain, meninges, and CSF develops outside the skull due to a defect [1,2]. Anterior encephalocele are more common in Africa and Russia, with one case occurring in every 3500 to 6000 live births [3]. Encephalocele with skin ulcers or CSF leaks require immediate surgery [1]. ...
Introduction and importance:
Encephalocele is an NTD that affects one in every 10,000 live births. A ruptured encephalocele is advised to be operated on as soon as possible, preferably within 48 h. Signs and symptoms of infection should be considered when performing corrective surgery.
Case presentation:
We present the case of an 8-day-old baby who had a ruptured midline frontoparietal encephalocele as a result of delayed corrective surgery. The mass on the patient's head measured approximately 7 × 6 × 5 cm with a leakage of clear and yellowish fluids. The head CT scan revealed a multi-enhancement mass, pedunculated with an ill-defined border protruding from the anterior fontanelle.
Clinical discussion:
The patient underwent an emergency corrective surgery. Excision was performed completely. The defect was covered with a double-layer closure technique in a watertight manner. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful.
Conclusion:
An encephalocele can only be resolved through corrective surgery. In our case, the ruptured midline encephalocele was easily resolved with an emergency corrective surgery. Closure of the defect soon after birth is advised, especially if no layer of skin protects the encephalocele.
