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Favolaschia species, basidia and spores rehydrated from herbarium specimens, and maps showing their distribution in New Zealand. A, F. austrocyatheae (PDD 75609); B, F. calocera (PDD 29570); C, F. cyatheae (PDD 75429); D, F. pustulosa (PDD 78246). Scale bar = 20 μm.
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Four species of Favolaschia are accepted for New Zealand: F. calocera, F. pustulosa, and two new species F. cyatheae and F. austrocyatheae. Favolaschia cyatheae, F. austrocyatheae, and F. pustulosa are native to New Zealand. Favolaschia calocera, first described from Madagascar, has also been previously reported from New Zealand, Norfolk Island, an...
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Context 1
... its introduction to New Zealand, F. calocera has become widely established (Fig. 2B), inhabiting over 50 different hosts including native and exotic species. Basidiocarps appear to be most abundant in forest remnants and other semi-disturbed habitats, where they can be found in huge numbers on many different individual pieces of wood at a single locality. Due to its abundance, there has been concern about F. calocera ...
Context 2
... cyatheae P.R.Johnst., sp. nov. Fig. 2C, 4 DIAGNOSIS: Pileus 2.5-10 mm diam., suborbicularis vel ellipticis, albus vel luteolus, pulveraceus; stipes 3 × 2-4 mm, lateralis vel excentricus; hymenophorum porosis concolorum. Cortex gelatinosum, hyphis 2-3 μm diam., dispositis late; hyphae gloeoporae 3-4.5 μm diam., apice clavatis, 8.5-11 μm diam. Pileipellis trichoderma inordinata, ...
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Citations
... A total of 119 records of Favolaschia are listed in Index Fungorum (http://www. indexfungorum.org) and around 60 species are accepted (Johnston et al. 2006;Gillen et al. 2012;Magnago et al. 2013). The name "Favolaschia" was first introduced by Patouillard (1887) as a section of Laschia Fr and treated at a generic level later (Patouillard and Lagerheim 1892). ...
... The name "Favolaschia" was first introduced by Patouillard (1887) as a section of Laschia Fr and treated at a generic level later (Patouillard and Lagerheim 1892). The taxonomic history of the genus has been systematically compiled by Singer (1974) and Johnston et al. (2006). Singer (1974) divided Favolaschia into two sections, based on morphological studies, namely section Favolaschia Singer and section Anechinus Singer. ...
... Anechinus are characterised by lacking acanthocystidia or replaced by diverticulate hyphae. Later, Johnston et al. (2006), Gillen et al. (2012) and Magnago et al. (2013) confirmed the two sections by phylogenetic analyses. ...
The genus Favolaschia within the family Mycenaceae is characterised by the gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore and most species inhabit monocotyledonous plants. In this study, many samples covering a wide geographic range in China were examined morphologically and phylogenetically using concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequence data. Three new species clustering in Favolaschia sect. Anechinus, namely Favolaschia imbricata, F. miscanthi and F. sinarundinariae, are described. Favolaschia imbricata is characterised by imbricate basidiomata with pale grey to greyish colour when fresh and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 5–6.8 µm; F. miscanthi is characterised by satin white basidiomata when fresh, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.5–10 × 5.5–7 µm and inhabit rotten Miscanthus; F. sinarundinariae is characterised by greyish-white basidiomata when fresh, dark grey near the base upon drying, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 5–7 µm and inhabit dead Sinarundinaria. The differences amongst the new species and their morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed. In addition, an updated key to 19 species of Favolaschia found in China is provided.
... So far, Corner (1986) reported 13 poroid species of Panellus, including eight new species. Johnston et al. (2006) transferred Favolaschia minima (Jungh.) Kuntze to Panellus based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. ...
... µm), and the absence of pileocystidia (Corner, 1986). Panellus minimus differs from P. minutissimus by its larger basidiocarps (0.9-3.5 mm vs. 0.2-0.6 mm) and long stipe (up to 2 mm; Johnston et al., 2006). ...
Panellus is an Agaricales genus with both lamellate and poroid hymenophore. The poroid species are readily overlooked because of their tiny basidiocarps. The Chinese samples of poroid Panellus are studied, and five species, namely Panellus alpinus , Panellus crassiporus , Panellus longistipitatus , Panellus minutissimus , and Panellus palmicola are described as new species based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from an nrITS dataset and a multi-gene dataset (nrITS + nrLSU + mtSSU + nrSSU + tef 1). Panellus alpinus is characterized by its round to ellipsoid pores measuring 4–6 per mm and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8–6 μm × 2.8–3.6 μm; P. crassiporus differs from other poroid species in the genus by the irregular pores with thick dissepiments and globose basidiospores measuring 8–9.8 μm × 6.9–8 μm; P. longistipitatus is distinguished by its long stipes, pyriform cheilocystidia, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7–9.8 μm × 5–7 μm; P. minutissimus is characterized by its tiny and gelatinous basidiocarps, 5–20 pores per basidiocarp, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6–8 μm × 3.2–4.2 μm; P. palmicola is characterized by its round pores measuring 2–4 per mm, the presence of acerose basidioles, and globose basidiospores measuring 7–9.5 μm × 6.2–8.2 μm. An identification key to 20 poroid species of Panellus is provided.
... Pat is a saprobic, generally small, mushroom-like basidiomycetes genus belonging to the family Mycenaceae, which is distributed worldwide with high species diversity. It was reported from a lowland warm-temperate to subtropical and tropical zone (Singer 1974;Johnston et al. 2006;Magnago 2013). The name "Favolaschia" was first introduced by Patouillard & Lagerheim de (1892) as a section of the genus Laschia, and later on it was separated as a new genus. ...
... However, the size of basidiospores is slightly larger in F. tonkinensis (8-12.5 × 7-10.5μm) (Singer 1945;Johnston et al. 2006), with subglobose, white spores, and moreover, F. tonkinensis contains a smooth spore surface versus the rough spore surface of F. xtbgensis. Favolaschia xtbgensis is similar to F. tonkinensis with its 4-spored basidia, but F. tonkinensis has smaller basidia (35.7-39.6 × 7.88-8.27 ...
Seven species of bioluminescent mushrooms belonging to seven genera have been described in the tropical rainforests of China. This study contributes the eighth species, found growing on decaying bamboo in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG). Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ribosomal large subunit (LSU) gene regions placed the species within the genus Favolaschia. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, micro and macro photographs, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of the new species are provided. This is the second report of bioluminescent Favolaschia in China.
... It differs from other species in the genus by its bright orange or yellow basidiocarps with a distinct laterally stipe and numerous gloeocystidia and acanthocysts. In addition, Favolaschia calocera is a conspicuous fungus, and it is known to occur in different environments, such as forests or shrub-lands, non-forested rural areas, home or public gardens etc., and occurs on over 50 different plant species, such as decaying dicotyledonous tree trunks, logs, and branches [12,13]. ...
... Favolaschia calocera has always been considered to be an invasive fungus by several countries [14,15]. Outside its type locality in Madagascar, it was found in New Zealand and Italy in 1969 and 1999 [13,16]. Johntson et al. [12,13] mentioned that Favolaschia calocera spread to Australia and New Zealand presumably by shipped timber. ...
... Outside its type locality in Madagascar, it was found in New Zealand and Italy in 1969 and 1999 [13,16]. Johntson et al. [12,13] mentioned that Favolaschia calocera spread to Australia and New Zealand presumably by shipped timber. Vizzini and Zotti [16] believed that Favolaschia calocera in Norfolk Island was introduced from New Zealand. ...
Favolaschia calocera was originally described from Madagascar, and reported to have a worldwide distribution. In the current study, samples of the Favolaschia calocera from Central America, Australia, China, Kenya, Italy, New Zealand, and Thailand were analyzed by using both morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dataset, and the combined five-locus dataset of ITS, large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mt-SSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nu-SSU), and the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1). Our study proves that Favolaschia calocera is a species complex, and six species are recognized in the complex including four new species. Three new species F. brevibasidiata, F. brevistipitata, and F. longistipitata from China; and one new species F. minutissima from Asia. In addition, Favolaschia claudopus (Singer) Q.Y. Zhang & C. Dai, earlier treated as a variety of Favolaschia calocera R. Heim, were raised to species rank. Illustrated descriptions of these five new taxa are given. An identification key and a comparison of the characteristics of species in the Favolaschia calocera complex are provided.
... Previously, the genus was identified mainly on the basis of morphological characteristics; however, many recent molecular phylogenetic studies showed that gross morphology, such as poroid versus gilled or smooth hymenium, or agaricoid versus gasteroid habits, have been over-emphasized in previous classifications (Hibbett et al. 1997;Moncalvo et al. 2002;Bodensteiner et al. 2004). Johnston et al. (2006) transferred Favolaschia minima (Jungh.) Kuntze to Panellus based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequences. ...
... However, P. bambusicola can be readily distinguished from P. minimus by its narrower basidiospores (6-7.2 × 3-3.8 μm vs. 6-8.5 × 3.5-5 μm) and narrower basidia (15-18 × 5-6.5 μm vs. 13.5-30 × 6.5-9 μm), and P. minimus was reported in New Zealand so far (Johnston et al. 2006). Panellus bambusarum Corner (1986) is most similar to P. bambusicola by sharing annual, small basidiocarps, and o c c u r o n d e a d b a m b o o , b u t m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y , P. bambusarum differs from P. bambusicola by its lamellae hymenophore, shorter basidiospores (4.5-6 × 3-3.7 μm vs. 6-7.2 ...
... Kuntze, and F. manipularis (Berk.) Teng (Mao 1985;Liu and Yang 1994;Johnston et al. 2006). But our new species of Panellus can be readily distinguished from Favolaschia by lacking of acanthocysts, gloeocystidia, and gloeovessels. ...
Based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence, two new species of Panellus, P. bambusicola and P. yunnanensis, are described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Both species are characterized by white and gelatinous basidiocarps, poroid hymenophore which is concolorous with the pileal surface, a monomitic hyphal system with slightly thick-walled tramal hyphae. P. bambusicola has oblong ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6–7.2 × 3–3.8 μm, whereas P. yunnanensis has ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6.5–8.5 × 3.8–4.5 μm. In addition, samples of P. bambusicola and P. yunnanensis formed two distinct phylogenetic lineages based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene regions (nLSU) sequences.
... This is similar to observations reported previously [15,56]. The disjunction of closely related species of Armillaria between China and Africa is probably due to recent human-mediated introductions, which was also suggested by biogeographic studies of other fungi, such as Favolaschia, Serpula and Pleurotus [57][58][59]. Armillaria gallica has also been recorded from different continents of the Northern Hemisphere. Our study indicated that the samples recognized as A. gallica from East Asia and North America were genetically strongly divergent from European A. gallica. ...
Fungal species of Armillaria, which can act as plant pathogens and/or symbionts of the Chinese traditional medicinal herb Gastrodia elata (“Tianma”), are ecologically and economically important and have consequently attracted the attention of mycologists. However, their taxonomy has been highly dependent on morphological characterization and mating tests. In this study, we phylogenetically analyzed Chinese Armillaria samples using the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene and beta-tubulin gene. Our data revealed at least 15 phylogenetic lineages of Armillaria from China, of which seven were newly discovered and two were recorded from China for the first time. Fourteen Chinese biological species of Armillaria, which were previously defined based on mating tests, could be assigned to the 15 phylogenetic lineages identified herein. Seven of the 15 phylogenetic lineages were found to be disjunctively distributed in different continents of the Northern Hemisphere, while eight were revealed to be endemic to certain continents. In addition, we found that seven phylogenetic lineages of Armillaria were used for the cultivation of Tianma, only two of which had been recorded to be associated with Tianma previously. We also illustrated that G. elata f. glauca (“Brown Tianma”) and G. elata f. elata (“Red Tianma”), two cultivars of Tianma grown in different regions of China, form symbiotic relationships with different phylogenetic lineages of Armillaria. These findings should aid the development of Tianma cultivation in China.
... Surprisingly, however, its name was not legitimately published until 1966 (Heim 1966, Buyck et al. 1998. Just two further Malagasy collection sites are known: the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, again in Antananarivo, where F. calocera was found on the bark of living trees in early 1997 (Buyck et al. 1998, Vizzini et al. 2009) and at a higher elevation in Antsirabe where the fungus was noted on unidentified wood in early 1999 (Johnston et al. 2006). ...
... Alien or native? Johnston et al. (2006) analysed ITS DNA sequences (the DNA barcode region for fungi) from several populations worldwide, including two samples from Antsirabe, and noted relatively high levels of genetic variation (4-8 base pairs) between some collections, whereas others had very similar ITS regions with, at most, a single base pair difference. They argued that populations originating from accidental introductions would be less likely to exhibit extensive genetic variation compared with those found within the native range of the species. ...
... Corresponding sequences derived from New Zealand (NZ) specimens, where the species has been known since the 1950s and is generally considered to be an introduction, were, by contrast, very similar to each other. A 1994 collection from Norfolk Island (Australia) yielded an ITS sequence that clustered with those from NZ and this is believed to represent a recent introduction from NZ (Johnston et al. 2006). These authors noted a similar lack of ITS variability among sequences derived from samples collected in Kenya and Réunion Island, suggesting that further recent, and probably human-mediated, introductions had also occurred in these countries. ...
... y Mycena (Pers.) Roussel; sin embargo, en un estudio de Favolaschia de Nueva Zelanda excluyen de su análisis las secuencias de Mycena disponibles en el Genbank por problemas de alineamiento (Johnston et al., 2006). Kirk et al. (2008) lo citaron en la familia Mycenaceae del orden Agaricales con 50 especies, de amplia distribución y tropical. ...
Favolaschia roldana is described and illustrated as a new species. It was collected in the south of Distrito Federal, in Abies religiosa with Quercus and Pinus forest and Quercus-Pinus forest. It is characterized by the presence of larger basidia than those found in other species, acanthocysts in all hymenial surface and by growing on dry branches of Roldana angulifolia.
... Singer (1974) monographed the genus on a worldwide basis, accepting 51 species and several subspecies or varieties, including many tropical taxa. Johnston et al. (2006) provided a revision of the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of the genus. ...
... The initial ITS forward and reverse sequences for each sample were edited using BioEdit v. 7.0.5.3 (Hall 1999) and were automatically aligned with Clustal W (Thompson et al. 1994) to generate the assembled sequence. The sequence alignment includes sequences generated by Johnston et al. (2006) downloaded from GenBank and the sequences generated in this study to compound the ingroup (28 Favolaschia sequences) with Panellus minimus (Jungh.) P.R. Johnst. ...
... P. Karst. as the outgroup because Panellus is a sister of Favolaschia (Johnston et al. 2006). The sequence alignment was conducted with MEGA 5.0, using the Muscle algorithm. ...
The examination of recent collections of Favolaschia from remnants of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, resulted in the identification of F. aurantiaca, F. cinnabarina and F. luteoaurantiaca sp. nov. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences obtained from these collections were introduced into the previously published phylogenetic tree of the genus to assess the position of these species within the Favolaschia clade. A maximum likelihood analysis generated a phylogenetic tree with a better resolution, especially for the clade that contains species belonging to section Favolaschia subsection Auriscalpium, where the three specimens collected in Brazil also were clustered in.
... One example is Agaricus bisporus where the invasion of European germ plasm, probably through cultivation, has begun to displace indigenous coastal populations in California (Kerrigan 1995). The only well-documented example of a naturalized, recent introduction of a wood-inhabiting saprobic fungus into New Zealand is the orange pore fungus, Favolaschia calocera, now widely naturalized in native forests (Johnston et al. 2006). ...
The behaviour and risk associated with wood-inhabiting saprobic fungi introduced through trade is poorly understood. We used the cosmopolitan species Schizophyllum commune, considered a biosecurity risk in New Zealand, as a case study to test the potential for naturalization of alien strains/populations of wood-inhabiting saprobic fungi to occur. Phylogenetic analysis of the intergenic spacer 1 region was undertaken to determine the origin of New Zealand samples and one Cook Islands sample from the three known globally geographically distinct clades: North/Central America (NAM); South America (SAM); European/Asia/Australia (EAS). All New Zealand S. commune sequences fall within the EAS clade in two distinct groups with four haplotypes (Ia, Ib, IIb and IIa), with no evidence of naturalization of individuals from the NAM and SAM clades. The diversity of the haplotypes can be explained by two natural dispersal events in pre-human times. Ensuring timber is sufficiently treated will prevent alien populations possibly outcompeting native populations.
