Figure 6 - uploaded by Elena F. Tracy
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Far East linden trees distribution. Amur linden (Tilia amurensis) in yellow and Manchurian linden (Tilia mandshurica) in green (Zhmerenetsky, 2018).
Source publication
Forest beekeeping is an example par excellence of sustainable local enterprises. IT creates strong incentives to protect forest ecosystems while providing local communities the sources of income and livelihood. In the context of Primorsky province, the southern corner of the Russian Far East, forest beekeepers have been actively managing bees under...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... is one of the species found in natural Ussuri mixed pine broadleaved forests of the Amur region (Simonov and Dahmer, 2008) ( Figure 5 and Figure 6) and can reach up to 250 years in age. When there is enough availability of water and nutrients, linden can grow in very diverse site conditions. ...
Citations
... Researchers from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) selectively bred queens ("Russia honey bee", American-bred) from A. mellifera Far East honey bees in the USA [44,144,145]. At the same time, researchers from the Federal Research Institute of Agriculture used the pure-bred breeding method to breed the A. mellifera Far Eastern breed (Russian-bred) honey bee in Primorsky province [50,120,[146][147][148]. The Russian honey bee (American-bred) and A. m. ...
... Kodes, Popova (2016) [146] reported significant differences in morphometric traits between inbred A. mellifera Far Eastern breed (Russian-bred) honey bees and the initial honey bees. These breeds evolved to incorporate the best traits of the A. mellifera Far East bees adjusted to the local conditions [147]. ...
... The number of honey bee colonies of A. mellifera Far Eastern breed (Russian-bred) honey bees is about 5500. The average honey yield was found to be 70-90 kg in A. mellifera Far Eastern breed (Russian-bred) honey bee colonies [147]. These honey bees have a gray and yellow color, a cubital index of 42.1%-45.4%, ...
The loss of honey bees has drawn a large amount of attention in various countries. Therefore, the development of efficient methods for recovering honey bee populations has been a priority for beekeepers. Here we present an extended literature review and report on personal communications relating to the characterization of the local and bred stock of honey bees in the Russian Federation. New types have been bred from local colonies (A. mellifera L., A. m. carpatica Avet., A. m. caucasia Gorb.). The main selection traits consist of a strong ability for overwintering, disease resistance and different aptitudes for nectar collection in low and high blooming seasons. These honey bees were certified by several methods: behavioral, morphometric and genetic analysis. We illustrate the practical experience of scientists, beekeepers and breeders in breeding A. mellifera Far East honey bees with Varroa and tracheal mite resistance, which were the initial reasons for breeding the A. mellifera Far Eastern breed by Russian breeders, Russian honey bee in America, the hybrid honey bee in Canada by American breeders, and in China by Chinese beekeepers. The recent achievements of Russian beekeepers may lead to the recovery of beekeeping areas suffering from crossbreeding and losses of honey bee colonies.
