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Familia Hydroptilidae: (a) Neotrichia cabeza y tórax. (b) Cerasmotrichia, larva dorsal. (c) Zumatrichia abdomen posterior. (d) Zumatrichia pata con detalle de uña tarsal. (e) Leucotrichia abdomen posterior. (f) Leucotrichia pata con uña tarsal. (g) Mayatrichia propata anal. (h) Neotrichia larva lateral. (i) Ochrotrichia meso-y metatórax lateral (j) Metrichia larva lateral con detalle de patas toracales. (k) Metrichia cabeza y tórax dorsal. (l) Rhyacopsyche larva lateral (Figuras modificadas de: (a, c-k) Wiggins 1996; (b) Flint et al. 1994; (l) Wasmund & Holzenthal 2007).
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Twenty-one new Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) species are described: Polyplectropus aberrus, P. dorsospinus, P. nodyg, P. yndog, P. clavus, P. nathalae, P. millei, P. christinae, P. koueus, P. viklundi, P. hovmoelleri, P. aoupiniensis, P. tenerus, P. angustus, P. curvispinus, P. caledonia, P. piroguensis, P. triangulatus, P. pernodensis, P. taoens...
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... Temperature strongly influences benthic community structure, distribution, abundance, and occurrence (Knispel, Sartori, & Brittain, 2006;Watanabe, Mori, & Yoshitaka, 1999). Individuals of families Gripoterygidae and Austroperlidae (Plecoptera) are adapted to narrow, stepped, and low-temperature streams (Haidekker & Hering, 2008;Pedreros, Guevara-Mora, Stehr, Araneda, & Urrutia, 2020;Stark, Froehlich, & Zuñiga, 2009), while Helicopsyquidae, Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera), and Beatidae (Ephemeroptera) can easily tolerate hightemperatures (Haidekker & Hering, 2008;Springer, 2010). Finally, it is crucial to consider that the oxygen concentration varies with the altitude and influences organisms of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera orders (Jacobsen, Rostgard, & Vásconez, 2003). ...
As in many other countries, Peru has the Water Quality Standard (WQS) as the primary tool for managing and diagnosing water resources. An analysis of variable by variable was applied to define water quality as poor or good by setting concentration limits. A second group of tools commonly used are Biotic Indexes based on tolerance of benthic macroinvertebrates to pollution, that reflect the impacts caused by a group of variables, even though they cannot identify which variables determine the viability of the ecosystem. This research proposes to include the Stable States approach to evaluate the ecological integrity in central‐Andes rivers to explore an alternative approach with the capacity to represent a broader number of factors through multivariate analyses. A ten‐year database of biological, physical, and chemical variables measured in five Andean Rivers was evaluated. Our results suggest these rivers fluctuate into two seasonal stable states (wet and dry season), accounting for approximately 41% of the system variability. The wet season stable state was defined by high levels of suspended solids and turbidity, coliform, phosphorus, and some metals. During the dry season, the key variables were dissolved solids, barium, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Likewise, there seems to be a third alternative state influenced by human pressures driven by organic pollution variables that exceed the WQS. Regarding water quality, the concentrations of coliforms, phosphorus, and lead usually exceeded the limits in two stations, but not every year. Between bioindicator indexes, the ABI represented the ecological condition more accurately than EPT.
Land use change threatens the ecological integrity of tropical rivers and streams; however, few studies have simultaneously analyzed the taxonomic and functional responses of tropical macroinvertebrates to riparian forest conversion. Here, we used community structure, functional diversity, and stable isotope analyses to assess the impacts of riparian deforestation on macroinvertebrate communities of streams in southern Mexico. Monthly sampling during the dry season was conducted in streams with riparian forest (forest streams), and in streams with pasture dominating the riparian vegetation (pasture streams). Samples were collected for water quality (physical-chemical variables, nutrient concentrations, and total suspended solids), organic matter (leaf litter abundance and algal biomass), and macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Higher temperature, conductivity, suspended solids, and chlorophyll a were detected in pasture streams, while nitrate concentrations and leaf litter biomass were greater in forest streams. Macroinvertebrate density was higher in pasture sites, while no differences in taxonomic diversity and richness were found between land uses. Functional evenness was greater in forest streams, while richness and divergence were similar between land uses, despite differences in taxonomic composition. Environmental variables were associated with taxa distribution but not with functional traits, suggesting current conditions still promote redundancy in ecological function. Isotopic analyses indicated consumers in pasture streams were enriched in ¹³C and ¹⁵N relative to forest streams, potentially reflecting the higher algal biomass documented in pasture systems. Isotopic niches were broader and more overlapped in pasture streams, indicating more generalist feeding habits. No significant losses of taxonomic or functional diversity were detected in pasture streams. However, changes in trophic ecology suggest landscape-level processes are altering macroinvertebrate feeding habits in streams. The changes we observed in habitat, water quality, and macroinvertebrate community were related to the removal of the riparian vegetation, suggesting the structure and function of the focal systems would benefit from riparian restoration.
