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Rubber hoses are widely used in various transport and industrial systems to safely deliver high-pressure working oil without leakage. Usually, those are in a lamination composition of rubber and braided layers to suppress the extreme radial expansion stemming from high internal oil pressure. Braided layers manufactured by fabric or metallic cords a...
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This work presents a novel methodology for speeding up the assembly of stiffness matrices for laminate composite 3D structures in the context of isogeometric and finite element discretizations. By splitting the involved terms into their in-plane and out-of-plane contributions, this method computes the problems's 3D stiffness matrix as a combination...
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... The authors of [16] proposed a numerical method for predicting the deformation and fatigue damage of a rubber hose by using nonlinear finite element analysis of large deformations. The complex braided layers in the rubber hose microstructure are modeled as an orthotropic solid using the homogenization method, and the deformation is analyzed by the updated Lagrange method. ...
... Thus, most methods [16][17][18][19][20] that could be used to diagnose the technical condition of flexible pipelines do not allow detecting hidden defects in the material. Only the computerized industrial tomography method [17] allows this to be done, but it has certain limitations in its application. ...
The object of research is the phenomenon of influence of hidden defects on the mechanical properties of the material of flexible pipelines. T-type pressure fire hoses with an inner diameter of 77 mm were used as test samples of flexible pipelines. During the operation of pressurized fire hydrants and their laying on vertical surfaces, they are subjected to significant bursting pressures in their longitudinal direction. That is, such operating modes of the sleeve may occur during its operation. The research was carried out on the FP 100/1 bursting machine, in which the test samples were fixed. The dependence of the stiffness and normal elasticity of the material of the flexible pipeline on the depth and length of the artificial defect when testing it for breaking has been established. With an artificial defect depth of 0.2 mm and its length from 0 to 40 mm, the stiffness of the flexible pipeline material decreases from 573.812 kN/m to 478.276 kN/m. With the indicated values of the defect, the normal elasticity ranged from 86.46 MPa to 64.567 MPa. When the depth of the defect increases by 0.4 mm, the stiffness of the sleeve material decreases to 432.902 kN/m, and the normal elasticity decreases to 58.442 MPa. The obtained results are explained by the fact that when the thickness of the threads of the base of the power frame is reduced by 33 %, the longitudinal stiffness and normal elasticity of the material of the flexible pipeline are reduced by 25 % and 26 %, respectively. The results of these studies are needed in practice because they can make it possible to develop new or improve existing methods of detecting hidden defects in the material from which flexible pipelines are made
... A numerical method for predicting the deformed state and fatigue damage of a rubber hose made of composite material is proposed in [12,13]. This method is based on the use of nonlinear finite element analysis of large deformations. ...
Composite materials are widely used in various industries. Both ordinary household items and specialized equipment used, in particular, in emergency and rescue formations, are made from them. Each equipment has a different level of reliability. One of the types of such equipment with the lowest level of reliability is fire hoses. Fire hoses work under different internal working pressures, and depending on this indicator, during their manufacture, such materials are chosen that are able to withstand it. High-pressure fire hoses are a separate type of fire hoses. In order to ensure the necessary strength of the material, it includes an internal reinforcing layer, which is a weaving of textile threads or metal wire. The composite structure of the material greatly complicates the process of checking the technical condition of high-pressure fire hoses, which may have hidden defects. These defects can cause their destruction during operation and lead to non-fulfillment of the tasks assigned by units of emergency and rescue formations. Therefore, the study of changes in the properties of the composite material from which high-pressure fire hoses are made due to the influence of various factors on it is relevant.
... First, the tube is extruded with a specific ID, and then the reinforcement (braiding or knitting) is applied to it followed by crosshead extrusion for cover applications with specific wall thickness [1]. There are several studies carried out on the deformation analysis and fatigue damage of the braided composite hoses used in automotive industry [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. This study differs from the previous researches by using braiding technique with technical yarns during the production of the fuel hoses. ...
This study aims to investigate the effect of material type and braiding angle on the performance characteristics of the reinforced multi-layered hose, to manufacture a high-pressure fuel hose. For this purpose, NBR (Acrylo-Nitrile Butadiene rubber)/CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) fuel hose was manufactured using a single-screw extruder and for the production of the reinforcement layer, braiding technology was used. With an attempt to discuss the effect of braiding angle on the performance characteristics of the reinforced multi-layered hose, the take-up speed of the radial braiding machine was altered. E-glass, aramid, carbon, polyester, and basalt yarns were used for the production of the braided layer. Then CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) rubber was extruded for the cover application. Performance properties of the fuel hose such as hardness, ply adhesion, vacuum collapse bursting pressure, and diametric expansion were measured and evaluated according to the requirements of the related standards. The results revealed that, with increased braiding take-up speed, ply adhesion, vacuum collapse, and diametric expansion properties of hoses increase, while hardness, permanent deformation, and bursting pressure of hoses decrease. It has been determined that NBR/Basalt/CPE fuel hose produced in 4m/min braiding take-up speed provided optimum functional and adhesion properties, because of its hardness, permanent deformation, bursting, and vacuum test values at 25°C are within the limit. Additionally, the results were verified by running finite element analysis (FEA) using the ANSYS simulation program. ARTICLE HISTORY
... For connection all hydraulic elements to one system -using a special object which is high-pressure hose. High-pressure hoses is metal or flexible composite pipelines [5,26,43] designed to transmit hydraulic forces and working fluid between units of hydraulic drive. The wall of high-pressure hoses is multilayer, consisting of rubber and reinforcing layers. ...
... Repair of damaged high-pressure hoses or it's segments is a complicated operation which require to remove hose from the hydraulic drive. Therefore repair actions are performed only in case of defect that and in special zones during machine maintenance [5]. Usually, if high-pressure hose is relatively short, it is replaced with the new one. ...
Reliability and maintenance analysis of transport machines hydraulic drives, basically focused to power units: pumps, cylinders etc., without taking in to account junction elements. Therefore, this paper proposes a research analysis on high-pressure hoses and junctions during technical maintenance. Comparative analysis of fluid behavior and energy efficiency inside non-repaired and repaired high-pressure hoses is presented in this research. Theoretical and experimental research results for hydraulic processes inside high-pressure hose is based on the numerical simulations using Navier–Stokes equations and experimental measurement of fluid flow pressure inside high-pressure hoses. Research of fluid flow dynamics in the hydraulic system was made with main assumptions: system flow rate in the range from 5 to 100 l/min, diameter of the hoses and repairing fitting are 3/8". The pressure drops, power losses, flow coefficients at non-repaired and after maintenance hose was obtained as a result. Simulation results were verified by running physical experiments to measure the pressure losses.
... A high-pressure hose (HPH) is a flexible pipeline designed to transmit hydraulic forces and a working fluid between units of a hydraulic drive system. Usually, HPHs in hydraulic drive systems are made of a few different layers which include rubber and a fabric braid Fig. 2a (Cho, 2017) or a metal braid Fig. 2b (Pelevin et al., 2016). This type of pipelines is commonly used in different hydraulic drive systems and constitute an extensive system with hundreds of different types of HPHs in one application Fig. 2c (Karpenko and Bogdevičius, 2020). ...
The article presents theoretical and experimental investigation on properties of a composite material based on rubber. The approach presented in this research is an experimental measurement based on spectrum analysis combined with theoretical investigation held to describe a viscous-elastic behaviour of the material. The proposed mathematical model is represented by five rheological parameters of hybrid Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt elements and includes an optimization task for determination of the stiffness and damping coefficients. In the proposed rheological model, not only the displacements are unknown but also forces described by second-order differential equations. Validation between the experimental measurement and theoretical investigation is made based on spectrum analysis.
Rubber-fabric composites are a representative of a class of anisotropic reinforced composite laminates designed for operation in contact with a liquid medium. Each layer of the composite performs a specific function in the operation of printing machines. The rubber layer is located on the surface of the material and is impervious to hydrophilic liquids, but can swell to a limited extent in organic solvents. Layers of fabrics provide structural integrity and tension of the layered composite material and are protected from the penetration of the liquid medium by layers of rubber in a plane perpendicular to the arrangement of the layers. In a plane parallel to the arrangement of layers, the fabric is permeable to aqueous solutions and organic solvents. Permeability is based on the capillary effect of absorption. To eliminate the anisotropy of the permeability of reinforced composite layered materials, it is proposed to apply additional layers on the end surface that block the access of liquid to the capillary space through the pores, gaps between the threads and fibers of the fabric layers. An additional layer is applied by brushing or dipping into solutions of suspensions and emulsions of film-forming polymers: polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene and acrylic polyester. The article describes an experimental technique for estimating porosity and calculating the average radius of capillaries using a physical model of the porous structure of the composite. The capillary pressure leading to absorption is described by Laplace's law. The laboratory stand is a modernized Klemm-Winkler device. The penetration of liquids into the porous structure of a composite rubber-fabric material through the end surface was measured. The sizes of pores in the structure of the composite, their number, volume, and the rate of filling of pores with water through the end surface in samples of anisotropic reinforced composite layered materials used in printing were calculated. A decrease in water permeability through protective layers on the end surface is shown depending on the chemical and phase composition of film-forming polymers. Diagrams of permeability, absorption kinetics and tables of porosity parameters of the rubber-fabric composite are compared. The proportions of capillaries of different diameters and their distribution over the cross-sectional area were determined.
This paper explores the effects of woven fabric structures on the biaxial tensile mechanical properties and burst properties of woven fabric for layflat hose. A repeat unit cell finite element modeling for woven fabrics for layfalt hose is adopted. To investigate the effects of fabric structure, two parameters are studied: warp yarn spacing and weft yarn linear density. The mechanical response outcomes such as stress distribution, intensity, breaking elongation, and burst properties such as burst pressure, burst direction, are defined and the effects of structure parameters studied on these outcomes are studied. The effects of the warp yarn spacing and the weft yarn linear density on the biaxial tensile mechanical properties and the burst properties of woven fabric for layflat hose are determined. Moreover, the results suggest finite element method exhibits high accuracy in predicting the burst pressure of layflat hose. This paper explores the effects of woven fabric structures on the biaxial tensile mechanical properties and burst properties of woven fabric for layflat hose. The effects of the warp yarn spacing and the weft yarn linear density on the biaxial tensile mechanical properties and the burst properties of woven fabric for layflat hose are determined.
The results of comparing analysis of behaviour and energy efficiency between standard (regular) and compact versions of high-pressure hoses used in the machinery hydraulic drives are presented in this article. The approach in this research is based on the experimental measurement of high-pressure hose vibration, inside fluid flow pressure measurement and frequency analysis. By experimental measuring’s, compared a standard (regular) and compact versions of two metal braid composite high-pressure hoses. The current research was performed to describe a different between standard (regular) and compact versions of high-pressure hose behaviour from depend on fluid flow inside. In current research disclosed that by using different type of the two metal braid high-pressure hoses can be achieved a reduce of power losses, damped fluid pulsation and increasing hydraulic drive efficiency by replacing a high-pressure hoses on another type of high-pressure hose, during machinery hydraulic drive maintenance or on design stage.
A novel multiaxial energy‐based approach is presented and used to demonstrate the influence of different finite element (FE) modelling techniques on the prediction of the fatigue life of a rubber composite with long oriented fibres. It is shown that the simplest modelling methods using 2‐D elements with rebar layers, layered 2‐D elements or layered 3‐D elements do not allow for a precise determination of the critical location and damage value. In contrast, modelling methods with 3‐D matrix and discrete reinforcement provide much better results. The predicted critical location corresponds to the measured one, although the predicted fatigue life still differs from the measured results. The most complex microscopic modelling method shows the best agreement between the predicted and measured fatigue life. Because microscopic modelling is not suitable for modelling larger products made of rubber–fibre composite, it is also noted that modelling techniques with 3‐D matrix and discrete reinforcing elements can be used with the same accuracy if the fatigue life curve is obtained from measurements on the specimens made of composite material rather than the specimens made of the critical base material (rubber).
