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This work deliberates a method for manganese (Mn) recovery as manganese oxide obtained by leaching of waste batteries with 3M sulphuric acid. The Experimental test for the recovery of Mn present within the waste dry cell batteries were carried out by a reductive leachant. Elemental composition of leached sample was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-...
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... FTIR spectrum of MnO2 within the wavenumber vary from 400-4000 cm -1 as shown in Fig. 5 a) to c). The peak at some 538 cm -1 , that is ascribed to the Mn-O bond, seems and becomes more and more intense [1][2]. The strong absorption band at 538 cm -1 can be allotted to the Mn-O stretching mode, demonstrating the existence of Mn-O bond among MnO2 structure. The absorption bands at 1356.62 cm -1 , 1172.25 cm -1 , 1165.95 cm -1 ...
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... FTIR analysis for MnO 2 (Fig. 2b) shows a broad peak in the range 3400-3000 cm −1 attributed to the symmetrical stretching vibrations of Mn-O and O-H bending vibrations of hydroxyl group [39,40]. The peaks at 2982 and 2895 cm −1 attributed to hydrogen bonding with in the sample [41]. Further the absorption peaks in the range 1200-861 cm −1 depicted the surface -OH groups of colloidal MnO 2 groups available [42]. ...
Hot corrosion is a severe form of industrial corrosion which occurs at high temperatures under the influence of oxidizing gases and can be prominently linked to the formation of a molten salt/ash layer over any metallic substrate. Throughout the years, several types of inhibitors and coatings have successfully been employed to reduce its devastating effects to a certain extent. In this study, two synthesized metal oxides namely Al2O3 and MnO2 were used as corrosion inhibitors and XRD, FTIR analysis were carried out to assess their structural properties. Further, TGA analysis for Al2O3 and MnO2 was carried out to determine thermal stability characteristics. The as-synthesized materials were further deposited as inhibitor coatings (Al2O3 with MnO2 bond coating, MnO2 coating and Al2O3 + 50% MnO2 coating) on T22 boiler steel specimens. All the specimens (bare T22 and coated T22 steel) were investigated for hot corrosion studies in Na2SO4-60%V2O5 environment at the temperature of 900 °C for 50 consecutive cycles. Every cycle involved a 1-h heating step in furnace followed by 20-min cooling at room temperature. Weight gain data were collected using a digital balance. XRD and (SEM–EDS) analysis were carried out to characterize the samples after exposure to hot corrosion environment. A better resistance to hot corrosion was observed for all the different types of coatings, with Al2O3 + 50% MnO2 coating representing maximum resistance. A high concentration of protective oxides such as Al2O3 and Cr2O3 present on the surface and their interaction to form dense layers on the coated samples explains the enhanced hot corrosion inhibition.
... Similarly, the FTIR spectrum also exhibited a peak corresponding to the Mn-O stretching vibration at around 600-700 cm -1 that confirmed the presence of MnO2 in the nanocomposite. This peak signifies the bonding between manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O) atoms within MnO2 Moreover, a distinctive Mo=O stretching vibration peak was detected at approximately 900-1000 cm -1 in the nanocomposites spectrum [24,25]. This peak further validates the presence of MoO3 and indicates the existence of a double bond between molybdenum (Mo) and oxygen (O) atoms within the MoO3 component of the nanocomposites. ...
... The Mn=O stretching vibration peak was identified in the nanocomposite's spectrum at around 500-600 cm -1 , confirming the presence of MnO2 in the ternary nanocomposites. This peak indicates the double bond between manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O) atoms within the MnO2 component of the nanocomposites [24][25][26]. ...
This study explores the potential of PANI-GO:MnO2/MoO3 nanocomposites as high-performance supercapacitors, addressing the increasing energy storage demands in portable electronics devices. By varying the amount of polyaniline (PANI) alongside a ternary composite of GO/MnO2/MoO3, the present study investigates their combined influence on electrochemical performance. XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal phase with an average particle size of 19 nm, and FTIR analysis showed the functional groups associated with the title compound. FESEM images demonstrated the leaf-like structures, and the EDAX spectrum confirmed the presence of Mn and Mo elements in the as-prepared samples. Electrochemical analysis showed a maximum capacitance of 596 F/g. The unique blend of graphene, polyaniline, and ternary metal oxides in these nanocomposites holds great promise for advanced supercapacitors. The research aims to understand how different levels of polyaniline impact the overall composition, providing insights into the synergies between these components and their effects on energy storage capabilities.
... Manganese oxide (MnO2), a prevalent transition metal oxide is absorbed in a wide wavelength range, nontoxic, and readily modified [11]. Moreover, it is one of the most promising conductive materials in various industries such as batteries, water treatment plants, and catalysis due to its low-cost, high-energy density, and ecological compatibility [12]. In addition, when MnO2 is added to fluorescent materials, it can be subjected to molecular aggregation owing to various molecular interactions (electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, etc.) which change the spectral behavior of the dye [13]. ...
... The faint peak around 2θ= 20.63° and sharp peaks at 2θ= 36.55°, 65.78°, respectively, are reflected (002), (100) and (110) planes of MnO2 (JCPDS 18-0802) [12,[21][22][23][24]. Secondly, the FTIR spectrum to determine functional groups in the surface of MnO2 was taken in the wavelength range of 400-4000 cm -1 (Fig. 4a). ...
... The bands at 1040, 964, and 920 cm −1 demonstrate vibrations due to the interaction of Mn with OH. Furthermore, the intense shoulder bands at 510 and 476 cm −1 indicate Mn-O stretching vibrations in the MnO2 structure[12]. Also, the wide bands at 580 and 720 cm −1 are due to the stretching and bending vibrations of the oxide group of MnO2 in the form of O-Mn-O and Mn-O, respectively[25][26][27]. ...
Merocyanine 540 (MC540)-MnO2 system-based fluorescence sensor is reported as an anion sensor in aqueous solution. MnO2 was synthesized in the presence of KMnO4 and CTAB using MOPS buffer. The formation of MnO2 was first confirmed by a color change and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and absorption spectroscopy techniques. Next, the interaction of MC540 with MnO2 in aqueous solution was investigated at various conditions by UV–Vis. absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and the MC540-MnO2 system to use in fluorescence sensor studies was determined. The sensing ability of the MC540-MnO2 was tested to detect anions as a “Turn-off” fluorescent sensor. The MC540-MnO2 revealed to be high selectivity and sensitivity to detect ClO- ions without being affected by the other thirteen anions. The detection limits for ClO- were evaluated in two different concentration ranges and calculated to be 0.14 µM at 0.33-4.46 µM and 0.38 µM at 5.06-14.30 µM, respectively. Furthermore, interference experiments for ClO- in the presence of other anions were carried out, and it turned out that the system could detect ClO- without being affected by other anions.
... The synthesized sample reveals the presence of some absorption bands in the range from 400 cm −1 to 1000 cm −1 . It was observed that the characteristic peaks at 423.2 cm −1 and 521.5 cm −1 can be indexed to Mn-O bond [30,31], peaks located at 582.8 cm −1 , 665.4 cm −1 are ascribed to Ca-O [31,32] and peak located at 451.1 cm −1 can be indexed to Ce-O absorption band [33], further demonstrating the successful preparation of cerium doped calcium manganite ceramics. ...
... cm −1 corresponding to the peak group of Fe 2 SiO 4 (Zhai et al. 2022). In pyrolusite samples, the characteristic peak at 581 cm −1 , that is ascribed to the Mn-O bond (Mylarappa et al. 2016). The characteristic peaks at 912.94-1094.89 ...
With the shortage of high-quality raw materials and increasingly strict environmental regulations, the recovery of metals from copper slag and pyrolusite has become a research hotspot. A novel method for simultaneously extracting Mn and Fe from pyrolusite and copper slag has been proposed. Under the optimal conditions (Copper slag / Pyrolusite = 2, H2SO4 = 2 M, liquid—solid ratio = 10, T = 90 ℃, holding time = 60 min), the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Fe can reach 98.28% and 99.04%, respectively. In addition, the treated residue containing 60.04 wt% SiO2 can be used as a raw building material. Through chemical kinetics and mineralogical transformation analyses, Fe2SiO4 in copper slag decomposes to release Fe²⁺, which can reduce and leach Mn from pyrolusite. The unreacted shrinkage nuclear reaction model under the control of the surface chemical reaction is the most suitable model to describe the process, and when the apparent activation energy is 35.50 kJ/mol, the apparent rate equation is: 1-1-×1/3=979.65CS/Pyrolusite2.6072H4SO41.3143L/S0.5649exp-35.50/RT\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1-{\left(1-\times \right)}^{1/3}=979.65{\left[\mathrm{CS}/\mathrm{Pyrolusite}\right]}^{2.6072}{\left[{\mathrm{H}}_{4}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}\right]}^{1.3143}{\left[\mathrm{L}/\mathrm{S}\right]}^{0.5649}e\mathrm{xp}\left(-35.50/\mathrm{RT}\right)$$\end{document}
Graphical Abstract
... The XRD patterns of rGO showed two distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ = 26.26° and 44.42° corresponding to the (002) and (100) (Mylarappa et al., 2016;Racik et al., 2019). In ...
... The Ca (i.e., CaCO 3 ) has characteristic bands at 1424 cm − 1 and 876 cm − 1 , as observed in studies by Böke et al. (2004) and Gopi et al. (2013). The -Mn has characteristic bands at 709 cm − 1 and 614 cm − 1 , as per Mylarappa et al. (2016). The -S-O (i.e., CaSO4) band has a characteristic band at 675 cm − 1 , according to Melo et al. (2013). ...
MMEB and MMCEB at 2% rate significantly increased rice yields compared to control and MMCB. • MMEB followed by MMCEB was most effective in reducing grain accumulation of As and Cd. • All the amended treatments significantly reduced bioavailable form of As and Cd. • All the amendments pointedly reduced As and Cd tolerant Pseudomonas bacterial genus. • MMEB application increased heavy metal-detoxifying bacterial genera than MMCB and MMCEB. A B S T R A C T The perilousness of arsenic and cadmium (As-Cd) toxicity in water and soil presents a substantial hazard to the ecosystem and human well-being. Additionally, this metal (loids) (MLs) can have a deleterious effect on rice quality and yield, owing to the existence of toxic stress. In response to the pressing concern of reducing the MLs accumulation in rice grain, this study has prepared magnesium-manganese-modified corn-stover biochar (MMCB), magnesium-manganese-modified eggshell char (MMEB), and a combination of both (MMCEB). To test the effectiveness of these amendments, several pot trials were conducted, utilizing 1% and 2% application rates. The research discovered that the MMEB followed by MMCEB treatment at a 2% rate yielded the most significant paddy and rice quality, compared to the untreated control (CON) and MMCB. MMEB and MMCEB also extensively decreased the MLs content in the grain than CON, thereby demonstrating the potential to enrich food security and human healthiness. In addition, MMEB and MMCEB augmented the microbial community 2 configuration in the paddy soil, including As-Cd detoxifying bacteria, and decreased bioavailable form of the MLs in the soil compared to the CON. The amendments also augmented Fe/Mn-plaque which captured a considerable quantity of As-Cd in comparison to the CON. In conclusion, the utilization of multifunctional biochar, such as MMEB and MMCEB, is an encouraging approach to diminish MLs aggregation in rice grain and increase rice yield for the reparation of paddy soils via transforming microbiota especially enhancing As-Cd detoxifying taxa, thereby improving agroecology, food security, and human and animal health.
... In Fig. 2 show the FTIR profiles of the Zn/Mn 2 O 3 NC, MnO 2 NPs, and the extract in transmittance mode, with highlighted peaks observed. The broad and strong absorption band at 3303 cm − 1 in the FTIR spectrum of MnO 2 NPs (Fig. 2b) is assigned to the stretching vibrations of the O -H group, while the absorption band at 538 cm − 1 is attributed to the Mn -O stretching mode, indicating the presence of Mn -O bonds in the MnO 2 structure [41,42]. The functional group of C--O aromatic is represented by the main peak at 1695 cm − 1 in all three Fig. 2 (a, b, and c) [43]. ...
An aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus spina-Christi is used to synthesize manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) and zinc-coated manganese oxide nanoparticles (Zn/Mn2O4 NC). The study aims to investigate the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MnO2 NPs and Zn/Mn2O4 NC in relation to the azo dyes methylene blue (MB), m-Toluidine (mT), and P-Toluidine (pT). X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature of the biosynthesized MnO2 NPs and Zn/Mn2O4, revealing their respective crystallite sizes to be approximately 14.65 nm and 22.97 nm. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated that the MnO2 NPs exhibit a tetragonal and spherical shape, while the Zn/Mn2O4 particles possess a spherical shape. UV-vis spectroscopy measurements indicated that the MnO2 NPs and Zn/Mn2O4 exhibit indirect bandgaps with energy values of 1.46 eV and 1.14 eV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of organic compounds containing C=O and –OH groups, such as carbohydrates, phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids derived from Ziziphus spina-Christi, suggesting a high likelihood of stability for the biosynthetic MnO2 and Zn/Mn2O4 materials. Interestingly, the photocatalytic degradation of the biosynthetic MnO2 and Zn/Mn2O4 provided good efficacy against the Methylene Blue (MB), m-Toluidine (mT), and P-Toluidine (pT) where the Zn/Mn2O4 exhibit an excellent degradation were 99.2, 99.8 and 98.4% after 75 min. The biosynthetic MnO2 NPs and Zn/Mn2O4 NCs resulting from using aqueous ZSCLE were cost-effective and eco-friendly, and the decoration of MnO2 NPs by Zn improved their effectiveness.
... The bands in the region of 879 cm − 1 and 697 cm − 1 have been caused due to stretching vibrations of Mn-OH bondings. The strong absorption band at 503 cm − 1 has been accounted for the stretching vibrations of manganese and oxygen bonds [23]. ...
... At 3624 cm -1 , two different peaks in the spectra correspond to OH stretching vibrations originating from Al-Al-OH stresses [27]. The broad peak at 3434 cm -1 to 3400 cm -1 corresponds to the OH stretching of H-bonded water [28]. Si-O bonding vibration caused the bends at 1032 cm -1 and 797 cm -1 . ...
The pollution caused by mercury (Hg) is a matter of concern regarding worldwide ecosystems and public health. It is dangerous as it is highly poisonous and has more ways to get exposed than other heavy metal ions. Recently, the application of biomaterials with varying structures and designs for mercury adsorption has grown. In this research, clay monoliths (CM) and clay-manganese monoliths (CMM) were synthesized, investigated, and compared regarding their ability to adsorb mercury ions from water to determine the most effective adsorbents. CM and CMM were extruded through a stainless-steel molder with dimensions of 7 holes, 9 mm in radius, and 20 mm in height. The surface morphologies of both adsorbents were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of contact time (40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 minutes) and initial concentrations (3–5 mg/L) were applied to evaluate both adsorption processes. The experiment was conducted in a batch reactor using a monolithic adsorbent that operated for 240 minutes. The experimental equilibrium data of the adsorption were examined with Langmuir and Freundlich models to find the best-fit isotherm. In the kinetic study, the pseudo-first-order was investigated in both linear and nonlinear models. The adsorption results showed that CMM had the highest adsorption efficiency (42.7%). The equilibrium study concluded that the Langmuir was the most significant isotherm model. The highest monolayer capacity and Langmuir constants (KL and aL) were 0.396, 1.329, and 0.396, respectively. The adsorption of both adsorbents was well displayed in the pseudo-first-order non-linear model. Experiments and processed data compromise the finding that CMM is more effective than CM at adsorbing mercury ions.
