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FTIR spectrum of HDTMA-Cl.
Source publication
Cretaceous Jordanian kaolinite from Batn Al-Ghul was modified by cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylam-momium chloride(HDTMA-Cl). The raw and the resultant organo clay samples were characterized using Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Fourier Transformed (FTIR), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry(TG/DTA) and UV/ VIS Sp...
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Citations
... joac.info 1052 composition is the same that indicates the surfactants doesn't affect the mineral composition of kaolinite samples [18]. Also XRD confirmed that the raw kaolinite samples are not affected by modification in which it says that the interactions concerned essentially the superficial groups of kaolinite via an adsorption process. ...
... The results of adsorption of (Atrazine, Methomyl, and Metalaxyl) on modified and unmodified kaolinite are listed in tables 17,18,and 19,and Figures (19,20,and 21) show the relation between the amount adsorbed of pesticide compound and the initial concentration of activating surfactant with KW. As shown in the above Table 18. ...
The adsorption behavior of thee pesticides were studied using Jordanian kaolinite. The increase concern of organic pollutants in the environment that can affect human health led us to search for new and environmental friendly low cost techniques and materials especially for water treatment. Jordanian kaolinite was brought from Jordan natural resources from different locations. The kaolinite was modified by cationic surfactants. The raw and modified kaolinite by cationic surfactants DDTMA-Br, TDTMA-Br and ODTMA-Br have been studied to determine their physical and chemical properties and any changes that may occur during modification of kaolinite. Many techniques were being used to study the raw and modified kaolinite such as: X-Ray Fluorescence The highest percentage of removal was measured for Methomyl by using surfactant modified kaolinite samples, with a value of 75 % for each KWS1, KWS2.While for KWS3is 55%. The order of removal follows the sequence for kaolinite with the surfactants KWS1~KWS2 >KWS3. The removal of Atrazine by using surfactant modified kaolinite samples showed that KWS2 is 58% while the lowest percentage of removal is 45% for KWS1. The order of removal for modified kaolinite samples were KWS2>KWS1 >KWS3 and. Finally, for removal of Metalaxyl by using surfactant modified kaolinite samples showed moderate values ranging from 38 % for KWS1, 48% for KWS2. The order of removal for modified kaolinite sample KW is KWS2>KWS1 >KWS3.
... Kaolin clay has a melting point of 1760 o C; the colour of all varieties is white but inferior grades burn to a yellow or brownish colour [7]. The exchangeable cations are Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Al +3 [31]. Kaolinite, the main constituent of kaolin clay, is formed by rock weathering. ...
... Heating the initial sample at 400 • C also decreases the intensity of the absorption peak at 3735 cm −1 , which belongs to kaolinite due to the formation of water vapor after the continuous fracture of the -OH bond, according to the following interaction [20,22,23]: Compound Original sample 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 3735 Si-O deformation [16] kaolinite [16] x x x x x x x x O-H deformation and stretching [16] 3608 bassanite [14] xx 3556 gypsum [14] xxx xx bassanite [14] 3537 ...
... Bend [11] quartz [12] • C or 800 • C is almost similar to the heating at 400 • C. By heating the original sample at 1000 • C, the 3735 cm −1 absorption peak intensity decreases more. This peak is due to kaolinite, and is explained in the following equation [20,22,23]: ...
... Salem and Musleh indicate [23] that the cristobalite that results from this interaction is non-crystalline, and this is what justifies its disappearance in the x-ray diffraction spectrum of this sample. ...
The spectra of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that the dunes sand of Ouargla’s region consists naturally of crystalline structures of α-quartz and gypsum, as well as other uncrystallized compounds with low concentrations like kaolinite and hematite, in addition to some organic compounds. The sand heating process at temperatures between 200 and 1200 °C affects its composition. By heating at 200 °C crystalline phases of anhydrite and bassanite appear due to the continuing loss of water from the gypsum. All the gypsum transforms into anhydrite, and the kaolinite transforms into metakaolin because of the breaking of the OH bond, producing water vapor by heating in the range of 400–800 °C. The heating at 1000 °C disassembles the kaolinite into aluminium-silicon and cristobalite, and leads to the emergence of a new crystalline phase related to wollastonite resulting from the start of a reaction between the anhydride and the quartz. Heating at 1200 °C leads to the disappearance of all the anhydrite because of its interaction with the quartz, producing the wollastonite and the release of sulfur dioxide SO2 and oxygen O2, in addition to the increase of the cristobalite proportion because of the disintegration of all the kaolinite into mullite and cristobalite, or the transformation of quartz phase into cristobalite. Also occuring is an interaction between the hematite and the quartz producing the ferrosilite characterized by its green color.
