Figure 3 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The adsorption of Cu(II) on oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oMWCNTs) as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, temperature, and hydroxylated fullerene (C60(OH)n) and carboxylated fullerene (C60(C(COOH)2)n) were studied under ambient conditions using batch techniques. The results showed that the adsorption of Cu(II) had rapidly reac...
Citations
... Because of their extraordinary magnetic properties, such as super paramagnetism and significant magnetic responsiveness under low applied magnetic fields [87], magnetic NPs have been suggested for use [88] among nanoscale metal oxides. However, several organic compounds, such as fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA), and hydroxylated and carboxylated fullerenes, among others, may have a considerable impact on copper (II) adsorption [89]. ...
Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit size-and shape-dependent properties and may have distinctive colors that can be used in agriculture and biological applications as well as for physical and chemical studies. NPs have received significant attention in place of conventional bulk materials, and there has been an upsurge of interest in the exploitation of the unique features of NPs for soil and water treatment. In particular, nanoremediation is one of the most environmentally friendly techniques to use in soil, surface, and wastewater systems, especially with the expanding environmental pollution issues. The high surface-to-volume ratio of NPs results in a high absorption capacity for the remediation of contaminated soil and wastewater. This chapter focuses on the role of NPs in remediating polluted soil and water and the process of nanoremediation.
... The FTIR spectra revealed an absence of new absorption bands after treatment with the various acids (Fig. 7B). All four samples (Fig. 7B) displayed absorption bands for conjugated C--C stretching (1442, 1654 cm − 1 ) in aromatic rings, and asymmetric and symmetric -CH stretching attached to the rings (2852, 2920 cm − 1 ) [33]. All samples (Fig. 7B) had the expected absorption bands at 3450 cm − 1 (-OH stretching vibrations in carboxylic acid group) and 1720 cm − 1 (-C--O in carboxylic acid group) [33]. ...
... All four samples (Fig. 7B) displayed absorption bands for conjugated C--C stretching (1442, 1654 cm − 1 ) in aromatic rings, and asymmetric and symmetric -CH stretching attached to the rings (2852, 2920 cm − 1 ) [33]. All samples (Fig. 7B) had the expected absorption bands at 3450 cm − 1 (-OH stretching vibrations in carboxylic acid group) and 1720 cm − 1 (-C--O in carboxylic acid group) [33]. ...
... This is additionally supported by shifting of the hydroxyl band of GG to higher wavenumber, as similar observations were made for GG-gpoly(acrylamide-aniline) and hemicelluloses/PAA-IPN [48,59]. The FTIR spectrum of O-MWCNTs revealed that oxidized functional groups (OH and COOH) were present after modification by HNO 3 [60,61]. Owing to similarities in the spectra of O-MWCNT and GG-g-PAA/O-MWCNT, it is difficult to estimate the loading of O-MWCNT on GG-g-PAA, but XRD patterns clearly revealed the loading of O-MWCNT on GG-g-PAA. ...
Water pollution by various pollutants caused health and environment related problems. Making water free from such hazardous contaminates is very important hence various techniques for this purpose was developed. The adsorption of pollutant contaminates from the bulk is the appropriate and efficient method. Biopolymers as adsorbent have been commenced for the removal of pollutants pollutant contaminates. The modified biopolymers proven to be competent adsorption method. The biopolymer gum ghatti have been shown great adsorption property. In this work, gum ghatti (GG) is grafted by PAA and loaded by oxidized MWCNT. The material GG‐g‐PAA/oxidized MWCNT is characterized by FT‐IR, XRD and SEM. The adsorption activity of prepared hydrogel was examined. The sodium diclofenac (SD) was efficiently removed by the GG‐g‐PAA/oxidized MWCNT. The 80% removal efficiency of SD was achieved by adsorbent. The highest 92.89% removal efficiency achieved at pH 2. The various isotherm models as well pseudo‐first‐order and second‐order models also evaluated to access the nature of adsorption of SD over GG‐g‐PAA/oxidized MWCNT. The adsorption of SD followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order model.
... In the potential region from 1.9 to 1.0 V Li , growth of peaks at around 1113 and 1610 cm À1 was observed in operando ATR-IR spectra, which were assigned to C-O stretching mode of Li alkoxide and C═C stretching mode of PEO-decomposed species, respectively. [23,[47][48][49][50] The consistent observation was seen in ex situ XPS spectra, where a significant decrease in the CO-related peaks (286.4 and 532.4 eV) from PEO structure together with the increase in the C═C/C-C (284.8 eV), Li 2 CO 3 /LiOH (289.9 and 531.2 eV), and RCOOLi (288.7 eV). The observation indicates that the decomposition of PEO at 1.9-1.0 ...
Understanding the surface electrochemistry of polymer electrolytes under battery operating conditions is of great importance for tuning the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium batteries with polymer electrolytes. Here, the surface (electro)chemical process of PEO10LiTFSA electrolyte on the Cu electrode is studied by operando attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) and ex‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques coupled with the interfacial resistance obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Linear sweep voltammogram of the Cu electrode in PEO10LiTFSA electrolyte suggests the SEI‐like layer formation involves three reduction steps. Operando ATR‐IR, ex‐situ XPS, and EIS reveal the corresponding (electro)chemical processes and their effect on the interfacial resistance; LiTFSA and residual H2O and CO2 are first reduced, forming an inorganic SEI‐like layer without affecting the interfacial resistance. Subsequently, the PEO matrix reduces into several decomposed products, including C=C components, responsible for the most resistive SEI‐like layer. Finally, PEO‐decomposed species with C=C components further reduce into alkyl‐related species, leading significant reduction of the resistance of the SEI‐like layer. Our study successfully reveals the complex surface (electro)chemical process at the PEO electrolyte‐Cu electrode interface, and may serve as a model system for understanding SEI‐component and interfacial resistance relationship in the polymer electrolyte system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... The peak shown at about 1630 cm -1 is assigned to the conjugation between C¼O and C C bonds. The sharp peaks observed at about 1380 cm -1 and 1105 cm -1 are ascribed to the C-O stretching and OH bending respectively [38]. ...
Highly efficient membranes were prepared by forming the polymer active layer embedded with amine-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over a polysulfone (PSF) support. Thus, CNTs were modified with ethylenediamine to obtain amine-modified CNTs which were polymerized with 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride to develop efficient membranes. The ratio of amine-modified CNTs used to form the polymer was optimized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the obtained membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed a good dispersion of MWCNTs over the polymeric matrix and the successful formation of the polymeric layer. Surface hydrophilicity and roughness enhancement of the synthesized membrane were confirmed by water contact angle measurements and the AFM technique. The results indicated that with increasing the amounts of amine-modified CNTs in the membrane, the morphology, porosity, and hydrophilicity of the membrane were significantly improved, resulting in an enhanced flux and salts/hydrocarbons separation. The optimum filtration parameters produced were about 55 LMH (Lm⁻² h⁻¹) permeability, 96 % MgSO4 rejection as divalent salt, 89 % NaCl rejection as monovalent salt, and 100 % hydrocarbons separation. This can be explained by the favorable structure of the diamine nanotubes, the low surface roughness, and high hydrophilicity and oleophobicity induced by the incorporated nanoparticles.
... [18][19][20][21][22][23] Activated carbon (AC) is the most widespread adsorbent; however, possessing open pore structures, high surface area, delocalized p electrons, and a hydrophobic surface allows CNTs to exhibit comparable or better adsorption capabilities. [24][25][26][27] The preparation of nanohybrid materials, materials containing both graphene and CNTs, provides an efficient pathway toward superior adsorption nanostructures. 28 Recently, 2-dimensional freestanding papers produced from CNTs and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) have shown higher adsorption uptake of Cu(II) than granular AC. 24 The combination of CNT-GnP hybrid papers has also shown enhanced adsorption of polyaromatics 29,30 and pesticides 17 with up to 39-fold increase compared to each component, or AC, alone. ...
Access to clean water continues to be an issue throughout the world. Carbon nanomaterials that were integrated into 2-D hybrid papers have previously shown the ability to adsorb metal ions, such as copper(ii), and polyaromatics. The use of single-wall carbon nanotube–graphene nanoplatelet (SWCNT–GnP) aerogels with a 3-D architecture has led to increased adsorption of polyaromatic compounds. Herein we demonstrate their increased ability to adsorb copper(ii), lead(ii), and zinc(ii) ions. Compared to SWCNT–GnP hybrid papers and activated carbon (AC), carbon nanomaterial (CNM)-based aerogels have an adsorption capacity, q, that is up to 5-fold, 7-fold, and 48-fold larger for copper, lead, and zinc, respectively.
... It is worth noting that F and FP systems exhibit a peak at ∼1732 cm −1 ascribed to C=O stretching vibration. 26 This peak might related to F and substrate interactions, which is hindered as the multilayer thickness increases. ...
Self-assembly of organic molecules is a promising method for generating multilayer systems for fabrication of functional devices. In particular, fullerene (C60) and porphyrin molecules offer a variety of binding modes, including π-π interactions, dipole electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding, to tailor the charge separation and charge recombination limiting device performance. Here, we investigate multilayer systems obtained by the sequential physical vapor deposition of C60 and tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) layers, focusing on the effect of the interfaces on the charge transfer processes. Absorbance spectra indicate noncovalent-like π-stacking, with the increment of fullerene interfaces shifting the porphyrin Soret band toward the blue. Similarly, surface photovoltage measurements in the multilayer systems show that as the number of interfaces increases, so does the photogeneration of charge. Charge separation follows carrier generation given that the recombination time, associated to trap states, decreases. This behavior indicates that the Donor-Acceptor nature of the fullerene-porphyrin bilayer system is conserved, and even enhanced, in the multilayer film, and that the number of interfaces aid to the formation of selective paths for charge carrier collection, demonstrating its potential in optoelectronic devices.
... WCPO-based CNTs also demonstrate superior adsorption capacity compared with the chemically functionalized and acid-treated MWCNTs, such as amine-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (MNP-NH 2 ) (Hao et al. 2010) and nitricsulfuric acid (t-MWCNTs) (Wang et al. 2013), respectively. MNP-NH 2 and t-MWCNTs appeared in the range of 5-74% and 15-94% of Cu (II) removal by using 0.01-1.0 and 0.1-1.0 ...
... MNP-NH 2 and t-MWCNTs appeared in the range of 5-74% and 15-94% of Cu (II) removal by using 0.01-1.0 and 0.1-1.0 g adsorbent dosage at low initial concentrations of 10 and 12 mg/L, respectively (Hao et al. 2010;Wang et al. 2013). Apart of excellent heavy metal adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions, WCPO-based CNTs also offer easy and environmental friendly preparation set-up and inexpensive absorbent compared with chemically functionalized (MNP-NH 2 ) and acid-treated MWCNTs (t-MWCNTs) because the preparation of chemically functionalized and acid-treated MWCNTs involved complex procedures, time consumption, and the use of hazardous chemical for these treatments (Ali et al. 2016). ...
... These findings were similar to those reported in the literature for the adsorption of Cu (II) by using fossil fuel-based MWCNTs synthesized by Pyrzyńska et al. (Pyrzyńska and Bystrzejewski 2010) and Wang et al. (Wang et al. 2013). At the initial pH range of 2 to 7 by using 0.05 to 0.5 g MWCNT Environ Sci Pollut Res adsorbent with low initial concentration of 10-12 mg/L, Pyrzyńska and Bystrzejewski (2010) and Wang et al. (2013) successfully removed~5-65% and~20-96% of Cu (II) from the solution, respectively. ...
In this work, waste cooking palm oil (WCPO)-based carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with encapsulated iron (Fe) nanoparticles have been successfully produced via modified thermal chemical vapor deposition method. Based on several characterizations, the dense WCPO-based CNT was produced with high purity of 89% and high crystallinity proven by low ID/IG ratio (0.43). Moreover, the ferromagnetic response of CNTs showed that the average coercivity and magnetization saturation were found to be 551.5 Oe and 13.4 emu/g, respectively. These produced WCPO-based CNTs were further used as heavy metal ions adsorbent for wastewater treatment application. Some optimizations, such as the effect of different adsorbent dosage, varied initial pH solution, and various heavy metal ions, were investigated. The adsorption studies showed that the optimum adsorbent dosage was 1.8 g/L when it was applied to 100 mg/L Cu (II) solution at neutral pH (pH 7). Further measurement then showed that high Cu (II) ion removal percentage (~80%) was achieved when it was applied at very acidic solution (pH 2). Last measurement confirmed that the produced WCPO-based CNTs successfully removed different heavy metal ions in the following order: Fe (II) > Zn (II) ≈ Cu (II) with the removal percentage in the range of 99.2 to 99.9%. The adsorption isotherm for Cu (II) was better fitted by Langmuir model with a correlation coefficient of 0.82751. WCPO-based CNTs can be a potential material to be applied as adsorbent in heavy metal ion removal.
... 2019), (Bai et al. 2016a, b). Figure 3 shows Raman spectra of the R-CNT, A-CNT and O-CNT samples for comparison of their functionalized scale. The Raman peaks contain three different factors that distinguish them as D band, G band and G' band (Wang et al. 2013). The D band corresponds to sp 2 -hybridized atoms in aromatic rings (Dovjuu et al. 2020) and indicates structural defects, it is observed around 1350 cm−1. ...
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have inspired great interest in the research community over recent years due to their unique nanostructure and interesting properties such as their flexibility, excellent mechanical properties, and strong hydrogen bonding. These properties have led to it being used as reinforcement in mixtures with inorganic materials, with the resulting material displaying enhanced durability and improved mechanical properties. In this paper, we investigated improving dispersibility and stability by adding CNCs to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcement, and according to the characteristics of durability improvement and the interaction of chemical composition was measured the hydrophilicity of manufactured buckypapers (BPs) by various nanofluids. To improve their properties, the MWCNTs were functionalized using chemical methods such as oxidation or alkalization involving an acid mixture of concentrated solvents to build up carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups with carboxylic acids. The composite structure of the obtained BPs was investigated by TEM and SEM analysis. The modified nanofluids were characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, Raman, and FT–IR spectrum analysis. Contact angle (CA) measurements were used to determine the resulting BPs hydrophilicity, raw MWCNT BPs were found to be super-hydrophobic with a CA of 132.2 ° (degrees), while the BP made from MWCNTs after the addition of and chemical treatment with CNCs achieved super-hydrophilic CAs ranging from 46.6 ° to 81.3 °. Our testing has shown that BP made from MWCNTs can be improved by the addition of CNCs in terms of its nano-structure and morphological features; when compared to raw MWCNT BP, the frequent interactions between the constituent CNTs and CNCs lead to improved durability, dispersion, stability, and hydrophilicity due to the -OH structure created.
... To improve water evaporation, we increased the diamond ATR crystal temperature up to 50 • C. For C 60 , we have observed main bands at 526, 578, 1180, and 1428 cm −1 which are characteristic for C 60 [38]. There were no bands related to OH-or epoxy groups as reported in [39]. For C 70 , the main bands were as follows: 1429, 1173, 1134, 793, 723, 674, 578, 535, 457 cm −1 which agrees with the previously obtained data [38,40]. ...
... For C60, we have observed main bands at 526, 578, 1180, and 1428 cm −1 which are characteristic for C60 [38]. There were no bands related to OH-or epoxy groups as reported in [39]. For C70, the main bands were as follows: 1429, 1173, 1134, 793, 723, 674, 578, 535, 457 cm −1 which agrees with the previously obtained data [38,40]. ...
Background:
Fullerenes and metallofullerenes can be considered promising nanopharmaceuticals themselves and as a basis for chemical modification. As reactive oxygen species homeostasis plays a vital role in cells, the study of their effect on genes involved in oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory responses are of particular importance.
Methods:
Human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 in concentrations of 5 nM and 1.5 µM for 1, 3, 24, and 72 h. Cell viability, intracellular ROS, NOX4, NFκB, PRAR-γ, NRF2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 expression have been studied.
Results & conclusion:
The aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 fullerenes are active participants in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Low and high concentrations of aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) have similar effects. C70 was the most inert substance, C60 was the most active substance. All AFDs have both "prooxidant" and "antioxidant" effects but with a different balance. Gd@C82 was a substance with more pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while C70 had more pronounced "prooxidant" properties.
